diff --git a/akka-bench-jmh/src/main/scala/akka/stream/FlatMapConcatBenchmark.scala b/akka-bench-jmh/src/main/scala/akka/stream/FlatMapConcatBenchmark.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0259f122b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/akka-bench-jmh/src/main/scala/akka/stream/FlatMapConcatBenchmark.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 Lightbend Inc. <https://www.lightbend.com>
+ */
+
+package akka.stream
+
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit
+
+import scala.concurrent.Await
+import scala.concurrent.duration._
+
+import akka.NotUsed
+import akka.actor.ActorSystem
+import akka.remote.artery.BenchTestSource
+import akka.remote.artery.LatchSink
+import akka.stream.impl.PhasedFusingActorMaterializer
+import akka.stream.impl.StreamSupervisor
+import akka.stream.scaladsl._
+import akka.testkit.TestProbe
+import com.typesafe.config.ConfigFactory
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations._
+import akka.stream.impl.fusing.GraphStages
+
+object FlatMapConcatBenchmark {
+  final val OperationsPerInvocation = 100000
+}
+
+@State(Scope.Benchmark)
+@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.SECONDS)
+@BenchmarkMode(Array(Mode.Throughput))
+class FlatMapConcatBenchmark {
+  import FlatMapConcatBenchmark._
+
+  private val config = ConfigFactory.parseString(
+    """
+    akka.actor.default-dispatcher {
+      executor = "fork-join-executor"
+      fork-join-executor {
+        parallelism-factor = 1
+      }
+    }
+    """
+  )
+
+  private implicit val system: ActorSystem = ActorSystem("FlatMapConcatBenchmark", config)
+
+  var materializer: ActorMaterializer = _
+
+  var testSource: Source[java.lang.Integer, NotUsed] = _
+
+  @Setup
+  def setup(): Unit = {
+    val settings = ActorMaterializerSettings(system)
+    materializer = ActorMaterializer(settings)
+
+    testSource = Source.fromGraph(new BenchTestSource(OperationsPerInvocation))
+  }
+
+  @TearDown
+  def shutdown(): Unit = {
+    Await.result(system.terminate(), 5.seconds)
+  }
+
+  @Benchmark
+  @OperationsPerInvocation(OperationsPerInvocation)
+  def sourceDotSingle(): Unit = {
+    val latch = new CountDownLatch(1)
+
+    testSource
+      .flatMapConcat(Source.single)
+      .runWith(new LatchSink(OperationsPerInvocation, latch))(materializer)
+
+    awaitLatch(latch)
+  }
+
+  @Benchmark
+  @OperationsPerInvocation(OperationsPerInvocation)
+  def internalSingleSource(): Unit = {
+    val latch = new CountDownLatch(1)
+
+    testSource
+      .flatMapConcat(elem ⇒ new GraphStages.SingleSource(elem))
+      .runWith(new LatchSink(OperationsPerInvocation, latch))(materializer)
+
+    awaitLatch(latch)
+  }
+
+  @Benchmark
+  @OperationsPerInvocation(OperationsPerInvocation)
+  def oneElementList(): Unit = {
+    val latch = new CountDownLatch(1)
+
+    testSource
+      .flatMapConcat(n ⇒ Source(n :: Nil))
+      .runWith(new LatchSink(OperationsPerInvocation, latch))(materializer)
+
+    awaitLatch(latch)
+  }
+
+  @Benchmark
+  @OperationsPerInvocation(OperationsPerInvocation)
+  def mapBaseline(): Unit = {
+    val latch = new CountDownLatch(1)
+
+    testSource
+      .map(elem ⇒ elem)
+      .runWith(new LatchSink(OperationsPerInvocation, latch))(materializer)
+
+    awaitLatch(latch)
+  }
+
+  private def awaitLatch(latch: CountDownLatch): Unit = {
+    if (!latch.await(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
+      dumpMaterializer()
+      throw new RuntimeException("Latch didn't complete in time")
+    }
+  }
+
+  private def dumpMaterializer(): Unit = {
+    materializer match {
+      case impl: PhasedFusingActorMaterializer ⇒
+        val probe = TestProbe()(system)
+        impl.supervisor.tell(StreamSupervisor.GetChildren, probe.ref)
+        val children = probe.expectMsgType[StreamSupervisor.Children].children
+        children.foreach(_ ! StreamSupervisor.PrintDebugDump)
+    }
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/akka-stream-tests/src/test/scala/akka/stream/scaladsl/FlowFlattenMergeSpec.scala b/akka-stream-tests/src/test/scala/akka/stream/scaladsl/FlowFlattenMergeSpec.scala
index 4d71b84851..d3f858c4ac 100644
--- a/akka-stream-tests/src/test/scala/akka/stream/scaladsl/FlowFlattenMergeSpec.scala
+++ b/akka-stream-tests/src/test/scala/akka/stream/scaladsl/FlowFlattenMergeSpec.scala
@@ -12,10 +12,15 @@ import akka.stream.testkit.scaladsl.StreamTestKit._
 
 import scala.concurrent._
 import scala.concurrent.duration._
+
+import akka.stream.impl.TraversalBuilder
+import akka.stream.impl.fusing.GraphStages
+import akka.stream.impl.fusing.GraphStages.SingleSource
 import akka.stream.testkit.{ StreamSpec, TestPublisher }
 import org.scalatest.exceptions.TestFailedException
 import akka.stream.testkit.scaladsl.TestSink
 import akka.testkit.TestLatch
+import akka.util.OptionVal
 
 class FlowFlattenMergeSpec extends StreamSpec {
   implicit val materializer = ActorMaterializer()
@@ -210,5 +215,85 @@ class FlowFlattenMergeSpec extends StreamSpec {
       attributes.indexOf(Attributes.Name("inner")) < attributes.indexOf(Attributes.Name("outer")) should be(true)
     }
 
+    "work with optimized Source.single" in assertAllStagesStopped {
+      Source(0 to 3)
+        .flatMapConcat(Source.single)
+        .runWith(toSeq)
+        .futureValue should ===(0 to 3)
+    }
+
+    "work with optimized Source.single when slow demand" in assertAllStagesStopped {
+      val probe = Source(0 to 4)
+        .flatMapConcat(Source.single)
+        .runWith(TestSink.probe)
+
+      probe.request(3)
+      probe.expectNext(0)
+      probe.expectNext(1)
+      probe.expectNext(2)
+      probe.expectNoMessage(100.millis)
+
+      probe.request(10)
+      probe.expectNext(3)
+      probe.expectNext(4)
+      probe.expectComplete()
+    }
+
+    "work with mix of Source.single and other sources when slow demand" in assertAllStagesStopped {
+      val sources: Source[Source[Int, NotUsed], NotUsed] = Source(List(
+        Source.single(0),
+        Source.single(1),
+        Source(2 to 4),
+        Source.single(5),
+        Source(6 to 6),
+        Source.single(7),
+        Source(8 to 10),
+        Source.single(11)
+      ))
+
+      val probe =
+        sources
+          .flatMapConcat(identity)
+          .runWith(TestSink.probe)
+
+      probe.request(3)
+      probe.expectNext(0)
+      probe.expectNext(1)
+      probe.expectNext(2)
+      probe.expectNoMessage(100.millis)
+
+      probe.request(1)
+      probe.expectNext(3)
+      probe.expectNoMessage(100.millis)
+
+      probe.request(1)
+      probe.expectNext(4)
+      probe.expectNoMessage(100.millis)
+
+      probe.request(3)
+      probe.expectNext(5)
+      probe.expectNext(6)
+      probe.expectNext(7)
+      probe.expectNoMessage(100.millis)
+
+      probe.request(10)
+      probe.expectNext(8)
+      probe.expectNext(9)
+      probe.expectNext(10)
+      probe.expectNext(11)
+      probe.expectComplete()
+    }
+
+    "find Source.single via TraversalBuilder" in assertAllStagesStopped {
+      TraversalBuilder.getSingleSource(Source.single("a")).get.elem should ===("a")
+      TraversalBuilder.getSingleSource(Source(List("a", "b"))) should be(OptionVal.None)
+
+      val singleSourceA = new SingleSource("a")
+      TraversalBuilder.getSingleSource(singleSourceA) should be(OptionVal.Some(singleSourceA))
+
+      TraversalBuilder.getSingleSource(Source.single("c").async) should be(OptionVal.None)
+      TraversalBuilder.getSingleSource(Source.single("d").mapMaterializedValue(_ ⇒ "Mat")) should be(OptionVal.None)
+    }
+
   }
 }
diff --git a/akka-stream/src/main/scala/akka/stream/impl/TraversalBuilder.scala b/akka-stream/src/main/scala/akka/stream/impl/TraversalBuilder.scala
index e82e3ecff6..c31d140d13 100644
--- a/akka-stream/src/main/scala/akka/stream/impl/TraversalBuilder.scala
+++ b/akka-stream/src/main/scala/akka/stream/impl/TraversalBuilder.scala
@@ -10,10 +10,12 @@ import akka.stream.impl.StreamLayout.AtomicModule
 import akka.stream.impl.TraversalBuilder.{ AnyFunction1, AnyFunction2 }
 import akka.stream.scaladsl.Keep
 import akka.util.OptionVal
-
 import scala.language.existentials
 import scala.collection.immutable.Map.Map1
 
+import akka.stream.impl.fusing.GraphStageModule
+import akka.stream.impl.fusing.GraphStages.SingleSource
+
 /**
  * INTERNAL API
  *
@@ -334,6 +336,37 @@ import scala.collection.immutable.Map.Map1
     }
     slot
   }
+
+  /**
+   * Try to find `SingleSource` or wrapped such. This is used as a
+   * performance optimization in FlattenMerge and possibly other places.
+   */
+  def getSingleSource[A >: Null](graph: Graph[SourceShape[A], _]): OptionVal[SingleSource[A]] = {
+    graph match {
+      case single: SingleSource[A] @unchecked ⇒ OptionVal.Some(single)
+      case _ ⇒
+        graph.traversalBuilder match {
+          case l: LinearTraversalBuilder ⇒
+            l.pendingBuilder match {
+              case OptionVal.Some(a: AtomicTraversalBuilder) ⇒
+                a.module match {
+                  case m: GraphStageModule[_, _] ⇒
+                    m.stage match {
+                      case single: SingleSource[A] @unchecked ⇒
+                        // It would be != EmptyTraversal if mapMaterializedValue was used and then we can't optimize.
+                        if ((l.traversalSoFar eq EmptyTraversal) && !l.attributes.isAsync)
+                          OptionVal.Some(single)
+                        else OptionVal.None
+                      case _ ⇒ OptionVal.None
+                    }
+                  case _ ⇒ OptionVal.None
+                }
+              case _ ⇒ OptionVal.None
+            }
+          case _ ⇒ OptionVal.None
+        }
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/akka-stream/src/main/scala/akka/stream/impl/fusing/StreamOfStreams.scala b/akka-stream/src/main/scala/akka/stream/impl/fusing/StreamOfStreams.scala
index 8b756fd0c8..9e2f2cc4fc 100644
--- a/akka-stream/src/main/scala/akka/stream/impl/fusing/StreamOfStreams.scala
+++ b/akka-stream/src/main/scala/akka/stream/impl/fusing/StreamOfStreams.scala
@@ -16,15 +16,18 @@ import akka.stream.impl.SubscriptionTimeoutException
 import akka.stream.stage._
 import akka.stream.scaladsl._
 import akka.stream.actor.ActorSubscriberMessage
-
+import akka.util.OptionVal
 import scala.collection.immutable
 import scala.concurrent.duration.FiniteDuration
 import scala.util.control.NonFatal
 import scala.annotation.tailrec
-import akka.stream.impl.{ Buffer ⇒ BufferImpl }
 
+import akka.stream.impl.{ Buffer ⇒ BufferImpl }
 import scala.collection.JavaConverters._
 
+import akka.stream.impl.TraversalBuilder
+import akka.stream.impl.fusing.GraphStages.SingleSource
+
 /**
  * INTERNAL API
  */
@@ -37,17 +40,25 @@ import scala.collection.JavaConverters._
 
   override def createLogic(enclosingAttributes: Attributes) = new GraphStageLogic(shape) {
     var sources = Set.empty[SubSinkInlet[T]]
-    def activeSources = sources.size
+    var pendingSingleSources = 0
+    def activeSources = sources.size + pendingSingleSources
 
-    var q: BufferImpl[SubSinkInlet[T]] = _
+    // To be able to optimize for SingleSource without materializing them the queue may hold either
+    // SubSinkInlet[T] or SingleSource
+    var queue: BufferImpl[AnyRef] = _
 
-    override def preStart(): Unit = q = BufferImpl(breadth, materializer)
+    override def preStart(): Unit = queue = BufferImpl(breadth, materializer)
 
     def pushOut(): Unit = {
-      val src = q.dequeue()
-      push(out, src.grab())
-      if (!src.isClosed) src.pull()
-      else removeSource(src)
+      queue.dequeue() match {
+        case src: SubSinkInlet[T] @unchecked ⇒
+          push(out, src.grab())
+          if (!src.isClosed) src.pull()
+          else removeSource(src)
+        case single: SingleSource[T] @unchecked ⇒
+          push(out, single.elem)
+          removeSource(single)
+      }
     }
 
     setHandler(in, new InHandler {
@@ -68,31 +79,48 @@ import scala.collection.JavaConverters._
 
     val outHandler = new OutHandler {
       // could be unavailable due to async input having been executed before this notification
-      override def onPull(): Unit = if (q.nonEmpty && isAvailable(out)) pushOut()
+      override def onPull(): Unit = if (queue.nonEmpty && isAvailable(out)) pushOut()
     }
 
     def addSource(source: Graph[SourceShape[T], M]): Unit = {
-      val sinkIn = new SubSinkInlet[T]("FlattenMergeSink")
-      sinkIn.setHandler(new InHandler {
-        override def onPush(): Unit = {
-          if (isAvailable(out)) {
-            push(out, sinkIn.grab())
-            sinkIn.pull()
+      // If it's a SingleSource or wrapped such we can push the element directly instead of materializing it.
+      // Have to use AnyRef because of OptionVal null value.
+      TraversalBuilder.getSingleSource(source.asInstanceOf[Graph[SourceShape[AnyRef], M]]) match {
+        case OptionVal.Some(single) ⇒
+          if (isAvailable(out) && queue.isEmpty) {
+            push(out, single.elem.asInstanceOf[T])
           } else {
-            q.enqueue(sinkIn)
+            queue.enqueue(single)
+            pendingSingleSources += 1
           }
-        }
-        override def onUpstreamFinish(): Unit = if (!sinkIn.isAvailable) removeSource(sinkIn)
-      })
-      sinkIn.pull()
-      sources += sinkIn
-      val graph = Source.fromGraph(source).to(sinkIn.sink)
-      interpreter.subFusingMaterializer.materialize(graph, defaultAttributes = enclosingAttributes)
+        case _ ⇒
+          val sinkIn = new SubSinkInlet[T]("FlattenMergeSink")
+          sinkIn.setHandler(new InHandler {
+            override def onPush(): Unit = {
+              if (isAvailable(out)) {
+                push(out, sinkIn.grab())
+                sinkIn.pull()
+              } else {
+                queue.enqueue(sinkIn)
+              }
+            }
+            override def onUpstreamFinish(): Unit = if (!sinkIn.isAvailable) removeSource(sinkIn)
+          })
+          sinkIn.pull()
+          sources += sinkIn
+          val graph = Source.fromGraph(source).to(sinkIn.sink)
+          interpreter.subFusingMaterializer.materialize(graph, defaultAttributes = enclosingAttributes)
+      }
     }
 
-    def removeSource(src: SubSinkInlet[T]): Unit = {
+    def removeSource(src: AnyRef): Unit = {
       val pullSuppressed = activeSources == breadth
-      sources -= src
+      src match {
+        case sub: SubSinkInlet[T] @unchecked ⇒
+          sources -= sub
+        case _: SingleSource[_] ⇒
+          pendingSingleSources -= 1
+      }
       if (pullSuppressed) tryPull(in)
       if (activeSources == 0 && isClosed(in)) completeStage()
     }
diff --git a/akka-stream/src/main/scala/akka/stream/scaladsl/Source.scala b/akka-stream/src/main/scala/akka/stream/scaladsl/Source.scala
index 48d994a245..a6b079233a 100644
--- a/akka-stream/src/main/scala/akka/stream/scaladsl/Source.scala
+++ b/akka-stream/src/main/scala/akka/stream/scaladsl/Source.scala
@@ -17,16 +17,17 @@ import akka.stream.{ Outlet, SourceShape, _ }
 import akka.util.ConstantFun
 import akka.{ Done, NotUsed }
 import org.reactivestreams.{ Publisher, Subscriber }
-
 import scala.annotation.tailrec
 import scala.annotation.unchecked.uncheckedVariance
 import scala.collection.immutable
 import scala.concurrent.duration.FiniteDuration
 import scala.concurrent.{ Future, Promise }
-import akka.stream.stage.GraphStageWithMaterializedValue
 
+import akka.stream.stage.GraphStageWithMaterializedValue
 import scala.compat.java8.FutureConverters._
 
+import akka.stream.impl.fusing.GraphStageModule
+
 /**
  * A `Source` is a set of stream processing steps that has one open output. It can comprise
  * any number of internal sources and transformations that are wired together, or it can be