From d0bc8a6400cd43ae3872bf18d3438d208a626636 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Martin Krasser <krasserm@googlemail.com>
Date: Mon, 25 Nov 2013 12:02:29 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] +per #3746 Remote sharing of LevelDB for testing purposes

Further changes

- remove obsolete identity checks in Eventsourced
- fix wrong serialize-messages config in tests
---
 .../persistence/PersistencePluginDocTest.java |  37 ++++++
 akka-docs/rst/java/persistence.rst            |  83 +++++++++---
 .../PersistencePluginDocSpec.scala            |  41 ++++++
 akka-docs/rst/scala/persistence.rst           |  90 ++++++++++---
 .../src/main/resources/reference.conf         |  31 +++++
 .../scala/akka/persistence/Eventsourced.scala |   7 +-
 .../akka/persistence/JournalProtocol.scala    |   2 +
 .../scala/akka/persistence/Persistent.scala   |   3 +
 .../scala/akka/persistence/Snapshot.scala     |   2 +
 .../journal/AsyncWriteJournal.scala           |   5 +-
 .../persistence/journal/AsyncWriteProxy.scala | 110 ++++++++++++++++
 .../journal/inmem/InmemJournal.scala          |  60 +++------
 .../journal/leveldb/LeveldbIdMapping.scala    |   2 +-
 .../journal/leveldb/LeveldbJournal.scala      | 106 ++++-----------
 .../journal/leveldb/LeveldbReplay.scala       |   8 +-
 .../journal/leveldb/LeveldbStore.scala        | 121 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../akka/persistence/PerformanceSpec.scala    |   2 +-
 .../akka/persistence/PersistenceSpec.scala    |   7 +-
 .../leveldb/SharedLeveldbJournalSpec.scala    |  99 ++++++++++++++
 .../serialization/SerializerSpec.scala        |  12 +-
 20 files changed, 649 insertions(+), 179 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/AsyncWriteProxy.scala
 create mode 100644 akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/leveldb/LeveldbStore.scala
 create mode 100644 akka-persistence/src/test/scala/akka/persistence/journal/leveldb/SharedLeveldbJournalSpec.scala

diff --git a/akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/persistence/PersistencePluginDocTest.java b/akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/persistence/PersistencePluginDocTest.java
index 97068da28b..962e40669b 100644
--- a/akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/persistence/PersistencePluginDocTest.java
+++ b/akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/persistence/PersistencePluginDocTest.java
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 package docs.persistence;
 
 //#plugin-imports
+import akka.actor.UntypedActor;
 import scala.concurrent.Future;
 import akka.japi.Option;
 import akka.japi.Procedure;
@@ -12,8 +13,44 @@ import akka.persistence.*;
 import akka.persistence.journal.japi.*;
 import akka.persistence.snapshot.japi.*;
 //#plugin-imports
+import akka.actor.*;
+import akka.persistence.journal.leveldb.SharedLeveldbJournal;
+import akka.persistence.journal.leveldb.SharedLeveldbStore;
 
 public class PersistencePluginDocTest {
+
+
+    static Object o1 = new Object() {
+        final ActorSystem system = null;
+        //#shared-store-creation
+        final ActorRef store = system.actorOf(Props.create(SharedLeveldbStore.class), "store");
+        //#shared-store-creation
+
+        //#shared-store-usage
+        class SharedStorageUsage extends UntypedActor {
+            @Override
+            public void preStart() throws Exception {
+                String path = "akka.tcp://example@127.0.0.1:2552/user/store";
+                ActorSelection selection = getContext().actorSelection(path);
+                selection.tell(new Identify(1), getSelf());
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onReceive(Object message) throws Exception {
+                if (message instanceof ActorIdentity) {
+                    ActorIdentity identity = (ActorIdentity) message;
+                    if (identity.correlationId().equals(1)) {
+                        ActorRef store = identity.getRef();
+                        if (store != null) {
+                            SharedLeveldbJournal.setStore(store, getContext().system());
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        //#shared-store-usage
+    };
+
     class MySnapshotStore extends SnapshotStore {
         @Override
         public Future<Option<SelectedSnapshot>> doLoadAsync(String processorId, SnapshotSelectionCriteria criteria) {
diff --git a/akka-docs/rst/java/persistence.rst b/akka-docs/rst/java/persistence.rst
index 7ecb5436c8..31fbb8fb32 100644
--- a/akka-docs/rst/java/persistence.rst
+++ b/akka-docs/rst/java/persistence.rst
@@ -60,19 +60,6 @@ Architecture
 * *Event sourcing*. Based on the building blocks described above, Akka persistence provides abstractions for the
   development of event sourced applications (see section :ref:`event-sourcing-java`)
 
-Configuration
-=============
-
-By default, journaled messages are written to a directory named ``journal`` in the current working directory. This
-can be changed by configuration where the specified path can be relative or absolute:
-
-.. includecode:: ../scala/code/docs/persistence/PersistencePluginDocSpec.scala#journal-config
-
-The default storage location of :ref:`snapshots-java` is a directory named ``snapshots`` in the current working directory.
-This can be changed by configuration where the specified path can be relative or absolute:
-
-.. includecode:: ../scala/code/docs/persistence/PersistencePluginDocSpec.scala#snapshot-config
-
 .. _processors-java:
 
 Processors
@@ -407,10 +394,11 @@ will therefore never be done partially i.e. with only a subset of events persist
 Storage plugins
 ===============
 
-Storage backends for journals and snapshot stores are plugins in akka-persistence. The default journal plugin writes
-messages to LevelDB. The default snapshot store plugin writes snapshots as individual files to the local filesystem.
-Applications can provide their own plugins by implementing a plugin API and activate them by configuration. Plugin
-development requires the following imports:
+Storage backends for journals and snapshot stores are plugins in akka-persistence. The default journal plugin
+writes messages to LevelDB (see :ref:`local-leveldb-journal-java`). The default snapshot store plugin writes snapshots
+as individual files to the local filesystem (see :ref:`local-snapshot-store-java`). Applications can provide their own
+plugins by implementing a plugin API and activate them by configuration. Plugin development requires the following
+imports:
 
 .. includecode:: code/docs/persistence/PersistencePluginDocTest.java#plugin-imports
 
@@ -454,6 +442,67 @@ A snapshot store plugin can be activated with the following minimal configuratio
 The specified plugin ``class`` must have a no-arg constructor. The ``plugin-dispatcher`` is the dispatcher
 used for the plugin actor. If not specified, it defaults to ``akka.persistence.dispatchers.default-plugin-dispatcher``.
 
+Pre-packaged plugins
+====================
+
+.. _local-leveldb-journal-java:
+
+Local LevelDB journal
+---------------------
+
+The default journal plugin is ``akka.persistence.journal.leveldb`` which writes messages to a local LevelDB
+instance. The default location of the LevelDB files is a directory named ``journal`` in the current working
+directory. This location can be changed by configuration where the specified path can be relative or absolute:
+
+.. includecode:: ../scala/code/docs/persistence/PersistencePluginDocSpec.scala#journal-config
+
+With this plugin, each actor system runs its own private LevelDB instance.
+
+Shared LevelDB journal
+----------------------
+
+A LevelDB instance can also be shared by multiple actor systems (on the same or on different nodes). This, for
+example, allows processors to failover to a backup node, assuming that the node, where the shared instance is
+runnning, is accessible from the backup node.
+
+.. warning::
+
+  A shared LevelDB instance is a single point of failure and should therefore only be used for testing
+  purposes.
+
+A shared LevelDB instance can be created by instantiating the ``SharedLeveldbStore`` actor.
+
+.. includecode:: code/docs/persistence/PersistencePluginDocTest.java#shared-store-creation
+
+By default, the shared instance writes journaled messages to a local directory named ``journal`` in the current
+working directory. The storage location can be changed by configuration:
+
+.. includecode:: ../scala/code/docs/persistence/PersistencePluginDocSpec.scala#shared-store-config
+
+Actor systems that use a shared LevelDB store must activate the ``akka.persistence.journal.leveldb-shared``
+plugin.
+
+.. includecode:: ../scala/code/docs/persistence/PersistencePluginDocSpec.scala#shared-journal-config
+
+This plugin must be initialized by injecting the (remote) ``SharedLeveldbStore`` actor reference. Injection is
+done by calling the ``SharedLeveldbJournal.setStore`` method with the actor reference as argument.
+
+.. includecode:: code/docs/persistence/PersistencePluginDocTest.java#shared-store-usage
+
+Internal journal commands (sent by processors) are buffered until injection completes. Injection is idempotent
+i.e. only the first injection is used.
+
+.. _local-snapshot-store-java:
+
+Local snapshot store
+--------------------
+
+The default snapshot store plugin is ``akka.persistence.snapshot-store.local`` which writes snapshot files to
+the local filesystem. The default storage location is a directory named ``snapshots`` in the current working
+directory. This can be changed by configuration where the specified path can be relative or absolute:
+
+.. includecode:: ../scala/code/docs/persistence/PersistencePluginDocSpec.scala#snapshot-config
+
 Custom serialization
 ====================
 
diff --git a/akka-docs/rst/scala/code/docs/persistence/PersistencePluginDocSpec.scala b/akka-docs/rst/scala/code/docs/persistence/PersistencePluginDocSpec.scala
index 4c261c2902..f25d7686cd 100644
--- a/akka-docs/rst/scala/code/docs/persistence/PersistencePluginDocSpec.scala
+++ b/akka-docs/rst/scala/code/docs/persistence/PersistencePluginDocSpec.scala
@@ -71,6 +71,47 @@ class PersistencePluginDocSpec extends WordSpec {
   }
 }
 
+object SharedLeveldbPluginDocSpec {
+  import akka.actor._
+  import akka.persistence.journal.leveldb.SharedLeveldbJournal
+
+  val config =
+    """
+      //#shared-journal-config
+      akka.persistence.journal.plugin = "akka.persistence.journal.leveldb-shared"
+      //#shared-journal-config
+      //#shared-store-config
+      akka.persistence.journal.leveldb-shared.store.dir = "target/shared"
+      //#shared-store-config
+    """
+
+  //#shared-store-usage
+  trait SharedStoreUsage extends Actor {
+    override def preStart(): Unit = {
+      context.actorSelection("akka.tcp://example@127.0.0.1:2552/user/store") ! Identify(1)
+    }
+
+    def receive = {
+      case ActorIdentity(1, Some(store)) ⇒
+        SharedLeveldbJournal.setStore(store, context.system)
+    }
+  }
+  //#shared-store-usage
+}
+
+trait SharedLeveldbPluginDocSpec {
+  val system: ActorSystem
+
+  new AnyRef {
+    import akka.actor._
+    //#shared-store-creation
+    import akka.persistence.journal.leveldb.SharedLeveldbStore
+
+    val store = system.actorOf(Props[SharedLeveldbStore], "store")
+    //#shared-store-creation
+  }
+}
+
 class MyJournal extends AsyncWriteJournal {
   def writeAsync(persistentBatch: Seq[PersistentRepr]): Future[Unit] = ???
   def deleteAsync(processorId: String, fromSequenceNr: Long, toSequenceNr: Long, permanent: Boolean): Future[Unit] = ???
diff --git a/akka-docs/rst/scala/persistence.rst b/akka-docs/rst/scala/persistence.rst
index 1d54ceb462..d98280b995 100644
--- a/akka-docs/rst/scala/persistence.rst
+++ b/akka-docs/rst/scala/persistence.rst
@@ -56,19 +56,6 @@ Architecture
 * *Event sourcing*. Based on the building blocks described above, Akka persistence provides abstractions for the
   development of event sourced applications (see section :ref:`event-sourcing`)
 
-Configuration
-=============
-
-By default, journaled messages are written to a directory named ``journal`` in the current working directory. This
-can be changed by configuration where the specified path can be relative or absolute:
-
-.. includecode:: code/docs/persistence/PersistencePluginDocSpec.scala#journal-config
-
-The default storage location of :ref:`snapshots` is a directory named ``snapshots`` in the current working directory.
-This can be changed by configuration where the specified path can be relative or absolute:
-
-.. includecode:: code/docs/persistence/PersistencePluginDocSpec.scala#snapshot-config
-
 .. _processors:
 
 Processors
@@ -418,10 +405,11 @@ will therefore never be done partially i.e. with only a subset of events persist
 Storage plugins
 ===============
 
-Storage backends for journals and snapshot stores are plugins in akka-persistence. The default journal plugin writes
-messages to LevelDB. The default snapshot store plugin writes snapshots as individual files to the local filesystem.
-Applications can provide their own plugins by implementing a plugin API and activate them by configuration. Plugin
-development requires the following imports:
+Storage backends for journals and snapshot stores are plugins in akka-persistence. The default journal plugin
+writes messages to LevelDB (see :ref:`local-leveldb-journal`). The default snapshot store plugin writes snapshots
+as individual files to the local filesystem (see :ref:`local-snapshot-store`). Applications can provide their own
+plugins by implementing a plugin API and activate them by configuration. Plugin development requires the following
+imports:
 
 .. includecode:: code/docs/persistence/PersistencePluginDocSpec.scala#plugin-imports
 
@@ -465,6 +453,74 @@ A snapshot store plugin can be activated with the following minimal configuratio
 The specified plugin ``class`` must have a no-arg constructor. The ``plugin-dispatcher`` is the dispatcher
 used for the plugin actor. If not specified, it defaults to ``akka.persistence.dispatchers.default-plugin-dispatcher``.
 
+Pre-packaged plugins
+====================
+
+.. _local-leveldb-journal:
+
+Local LevelDB journal
+---------------------
+
+The default journal plugin is ``akka.persistence.journal.leveldb`` which writes messages to a local LevelDB
+instance. The default location of the LevelDB files is a directory named ``journal`` in the current working
+directory. This location can be changed by configuration where the specified path can be relative or absolute:
+
+.. includecode:: code/docs/persistence/PersistencePluginDocSpec.scala#journal-config
+
+With this plugin, each actor system runs its own private LevelDB instance.
+
+Shared LevelDB journal
+----------------------
+
+A LevelDB instance can also be shared by multiple actor systems (on the same or on different nodes). This, for
+example, allows processors to failover to a backup node, assuming that the node, where the shared instance is
+runnning, is accessible from the backup node.
+
+.. warning::
+
+  A shared LevelDB instance is a single point of failure and should therefore only be used for testing
+  purposes.
+
+A shared LevelDB instance can be created by instantiating the ``SharedLeveldbStore`` actor.
+
+.. includecode:: code/docs/persistence/PersistencePluginDocSpec.scala#shared-store-creation
+
+By default, the shared instance writes journaled messages to a local directory named ``journal`` in the current
+working directory. The storage location can be changed by configuration:
+
+.. includecode:: code/docs/persistence/PersistencePluginDocSpec.scala#shared-store-config
+
+Actor systems that use a shared LevelDB store must activate the ``akka.persistence.journal.leveldb-shared``
+plugin.
+
+.. includecode:: code/docs/persistence/PersistencePluginDocSpec.scala#shared-journal-config
+
+This plugin must be initialized by injecting the (remote) ``SharedLeveldbStore`` actor reference. Injection is
+done by calling the ``SharedLeveldbJournal.setStore`` method with the actor reference as argument.
+
+.. includecode:: code/docs/persistence/PersistencePluginDocSpec.scala#shared-store-usage
+
+Internal journal commands (sent by processors) are buffered until injection completes. Injection is idempotent
+i.e. only the first injection is used.
+
+.. _local-snapshot-store:
+
+Local snapshot store
+--------------------
+
+The default snapshot store plugin is ``akka.persistence.snapshot-store.local`` which writes snapshot files to
+the local filesystem. The default storage location is a directory named ``snapshots`` in the current working
+directory. This can be changed by configuration where the specified path can be relative or absolute:
+
+.. includecode:: code/docs/persistence/PersistencePluginDocSpec.scala#snapshot-config
+
+Planned plugins
+---------------
+
+* Shared snapshot store (SPOF, for testing purposes)
+* HA snapshot store backed by a distributed file system
+* HA journal backed by a distributed (NoSQL) data store
+
 Custom serialization
 ====================
 
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/main/resources/reference.conf b/akka-persistence/src/main/resources/reference.conf
index 85ea2edc11..5ff3c47843 100644
--- a/akka-persistence/src/main/resources/reference.conf
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/main/resources/reference.conf
@@ -69,6 +69,37 @@ akka {
         # Native LevelDB (via JNI) or LevelDB Java port
         native = on
       }
+
+      # Shared LevelDB journal plugin (for testing only).
+      leveldb-shared {
+
+        # Class name of the plugin.
+        class = "akka.persistence.journal.leveldb.SharedLeveldbJournal"
+
+        # Dispatcher for the plugin actor.
+        plugin-dispatcher = "akka.actor.default-dispatcher"
+
+        store {
+
+          # Dispatcher for shared store actor.
+          store-dispatcher = "akka.persistence.dispatchers.default-plugin-dispatcher"
+
+          # Dispatcher for message replay.
+          replay-dispatcher = "akka.persistence.dispatchers.default-plugin-dispatcher"
+
+          # Storage location of LevelDB files.
+          dir = "journal"
+
+          # Use fsync on write
+          fsync = off
+
+          # Verify checksum on read.
+          checksum = off
+
+          # Native LevelDB (via JNI) or LevelDB Java port
+          native = on
+        }
+      }
     }
 
     snapshot-store {
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/Eventsourced.scala b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/Eventsourced.scala
index d904e48400..672e861b77 100644
--- a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/Eventsourced.scala
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/Eventsourced.scala
@@ -75,10 +75,10 @@ private[persistence] trait Eventsourced extends Processor {
       case p: PersistentRepr ⇒
         deleteMessage(p.sequenceNr, true)
         throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Persistent commands not supported")
-      case WriteSuccess(p) if identical(p.payload, persistInvocations.head._1) ⇒
+      case WriteSuccess(p) ⇒
         withCurrentPersistent(p)(p ⇒ persistInvocations.head._2(p.payload))
         onWriteComplete()
-      case e @ WriteFailure(p, _) if identical(p.payload, persistInvocations.head._1) ⇒
+      case e @ WriteFailure(p, _) ⇒
         Eventsourced.super.aroundReceive(receive, message) // stops actor by default
         onWriteComplete()
       case s @ WriteBatchSuccess ⇒ Eventsourced.super.aroundReceive(receive, s)
@@ -93,9 +93,6 @@ private[persistence] trait Eventsourced extends Processor {
         processorStash.unstash()
       }
     }
-
-    def identical(a: Any, b: Any): Boolean =
-      a.asInstanceOf[AnyRef] eq b.asInstanceOf[AnyRef]
   }
 
   private var persistInvocations: List[(Any, Any ⇒ Unit)] = Nil
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/JournalProtocol.scala b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/JournalProtocol.scala
index 8ce5b9c59b..52064ac5b1 100644
--- a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/JournalProtocol.scala
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/JournalProtocol.scala
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ import scala.collection.immutable
 import akka.actor._
 
 /**
+ * INTERNAL API.
+ *
  * Defines messages exchanged between processors, channels and a journal.
  */
 private[persistence] object JournalProtocol {
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/Persistent.scala b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/Persistent.scala
index ac74e71b93..c071d3b98b 100644
--- a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/Persistent.scala
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/Persistent.scala
@@ -302,6 +302,9 @@ private[persistence] case class ConfirmablePersistentImpl(
     copy(sequenceNr = sequenceNr, processorId = processorId, deleted = deleted, resolved = resolved, confirms = confirms, confirmMessage = confirmMessage, confirmTarget = confirmTarget, sender = sender)
 }
 
+/**
+ * INTERNAL API.
+ */
 private[persistence] object ConfirmablePersistentImpl {
   def apply(persistent: PersistentRepr, confirmMessage: Confirm, confirmTarget: ActorRef): ConfirmablePersistentImpl =
     ConfirmablePersistentImpl(persistent.payload, persistent.sequenceNr, persistent.processorId, persistent.deleted, persistent.resolved, persistent.confirms, confirmMessage, confirmTarget, persistent.sender)
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/Snapshot.scala b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/Snapshot.scala
index 1e27d6c2c3..adcef8426e 100644
--- a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/Snapshot.scala
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/Snapshot.scala
@@ -108,6 +108,8 @@ object SelectedSnapshot {
 }
 
 /**
+ * INTERNAL API.
+ *
  * Defines messages exchanged between processors and a snapshot store.
  */
 private[persistence] object SnapshotProtocol {
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/AsyncWriteJournal.scala b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/AsyncWriteJournal.scala
index bb0b1b7e85..c20909842d 100644
--- a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/AsyncWriteJournal.scala
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/AsyncWriteJournal.scala
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ trait AsyncWriteJournal extends Actor with AsyncReplay {
   private val resequencer = context.actorOf(Props[Resequencer])
   private var resequencerCounter = 1L
 
-  final def receive = {
+  def receive = {
     case WriteBatch(persistentBatch, processor) ⇒
       val cctr = resequencerCounter
       def resequence(f: PersistentRepr ⇒ Any) = persistentBatch.zipWithIndex.foreach {
@@ -92,6 +92,9 @@ trait AsyncWriteJournal extends Actor with AsyncReplay {
   //#journal-plugin-api
 }
 
+/**
+ * INTERNAL API.
+ */
 private[persistence] object AsyncWriteJournal {
   case class Desequenced(msg: Any, snr: Long, target: ActorRef, sender: ActorRef)
 
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/AsyncWriteProxy.scala b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/AsyncWriteProxy.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..880015d2cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/AsyncWriteProxy.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2009-2013 Typesafe Inc. <http://www.typesafe.com>
+ */
+
+package akka.persistence.journal
+
+import scala.collection.immutable
+import scala.concurrent._
+import scala.concurrent.duration.Duration
+import scala.language.postfixOps
+
+import akka.AkkaException
+import akka.actor._
+import akka.pattern.ask
+import akka.persistence._
+import akka.util._
+
+/**
+ * INTERNAL API.
+ *
+ * A journal that delegates actual storage to a target actor. For testing only.
+ */
+private[persistence] trait AsyncWriteProxy extends AsyncWriteJournal with Stash {
+  import AsyncWriteProxy._
+  import AsyncWriteTarget._
+
+  private val initialized = super.receive
+  private var store: ActorRef = _
+
+  override def receive = {
+    case SetStore(ref) ⇒
+      store = ref
+      unstashAll()
+      context.become(initialized)
+    case _ ⇒ stash()
+  }
+
+  implicit def timeout: Timeout
+
+  def writeAsync(persistentBatch: immutable.Seq[PersistentRepr]): Future[Unit] =
+    (store ? WriteBatch(persistentBatch)).mapTo[Unit]
+
+  def deleteAsync(processorId: String, fromSequenceNr: Long, toSequenceNr: Long, permanent: Boolean): Future[Unit] =
+    (store ? Delete(processorId, fromSequenceNr, toSequenceNr, permanent)).mapTo[Unit]
+
+  def confirmAsync(processorId: String, sequenceNr: Long, channelId: String): Future[Unit] =
+    (store ? Confirm(processorId, sequenceNr, channelId)).mapTo[Unit]
+
+  def replayAsync(processorId: String, fromSequenceNr: Long, toSequenceNr: Long)(replayCallback: (PersistentRepr) ⇒ Unit): Future[Long] = {
+    val replayCompletionPromise = Promise[Long]
+    val mediator = context.actorOf(Props(classOf[ReplayMediator], replayCallback, replayCompletionPromise, timeout.duration).withDeploy(Deploy.local))
+    store.tell(Replay(processorId, fromSequenceNr, toSequenceNr), mediator)
+    replayCompletionPromise.future
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * INTERNAL API.
+ */
+private[persistence] object AsyncWriteProxy {
+  case class SetStore(ref: ActorRef)
+}
+
+/**
+ * INTERNAL API.
+ */
+private[persistence] object AsyncWriteTarget {
+  @SerialVersionUID(1L)
+  case class WriteBatch(pb: immutable.Seq[PersistentRepr])
+
+  @SerialVersionUID(1L)
+  case class Delete(processorId: String, fromSequenceNr: Long, toSequenceNr: Long, permanent: Boolean)
+
+  @SerialVersionUID(1L)
+  case class Confirm(processorId: String, sequenceNr: Long, channelId: String)
+
+  @SerialVersionUID(1L)
+  case class Replay(processorId: String, fromSequenceNr: Long, toSequenceNr: Long)
+
+  @SerialVersionUID(1L)
+  case class ReplaySuccess(maxSequenceNr: Long)
+
+  @SerialVersionUID(1L)
+  case class ReplayFailure(cause: Throwable)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Thrown if replay inactivity exceeds a specified timeout.
+ */
+@SerialVersionUID(1L)
+class AsyncReplayTimeoutException(msg: String) extends AkkaException(msg)
+
+private class ReplayMediator(replayCallback: PersistentRepr ⇒ Unit, replayCompletionPromise: Promise[Long], replayTimeout: Duration) extends Actor {
+  import AsyncWriteTarget._
+
+  context.setReceiveTimeout(replayTimeout)
+
+  def receive = {
+    case p: PersistentRepr ⇒ replayCallback(p)
+    case ReplaySuccess(maxSnr) ⇒
+      replayCompletionPromise.success(maxSnr)
+      context.stop(self)
+    case ReplayFailure(cause) ⇒
+      replayCompletionPromise.failure(cause)
+      context.stop(self)
+    case ReceiveTimeout ⇒
+      replayCompletionPromise.failure(new AsyncReplayTimeoutException(s"replay timed out after ${replayTimeout.toSeconds} seconds inactivity"))
+      context.stop(self)
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/inmem/InmemJournal.scala b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/inmem/InmemJournal.scala
index 9b7a93b416..6037702165 100644
--- a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/inmem/InmemJournal.scala
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/inmem/InmemJournal.scala
@@ -5,39 +5,29 @@
 package akka.persistence.journal.inmem
 
 import scala.collection.immutable
-import scala.concurrent.Future
 import scala.concurrent.duration._
 import scala.language.postfixOps
 
 import akka.actor._
-import akka.pattern.ask
 import akka.persistence._
-import akka.persistence.journal.AsyncWriteJournal
-import akka.util._
+import akka.persistence.journal.AsyncWriteProxy
+import akka.persistence.journal.AsyncWriteTarget
+import akka.util.Timeout
 
 /**
  * INTERNAL API.
  *
  * In-memory journal for testing purposes only.
  */
-private[persistence] class InmemJournal extends AsyncWriteJournal {
-  val store = context.actorOf(Props[InmemStore])
+private[persistence] class InmemJournal extends AsyncWriteProxy {
+  import AsyncWriteProxy.SetStore
 
-  implicit val timeout = Timeout(5 seconds)
+  val timeout = Timeout(5 seconds)
 
-  import InmemStore._
-
-  def writeAsync(persistentBatch: immutable.Seq[PersistentRepr]): Future[Unit] =
-    (store ? WriteBatch(persistentBatch)).mapTo[Unit]
-
-  def deleteAsync(processorId: String, fromSequenceNr: Long, toSequenceNr: Long, permanent: Boolean): Future[Unit] =
-    (store ? Delete(processorId, fromSequenceNr, toSequenceNr, permanent)).mapTo[Unit]
-
-  def confirmAsync(processorId: String, sequenceNr: Long, channelId: String): Future[Unit] =
-    (store ? Confirm(processorId, sequenceNr, channelId)).mapTo[Unit]
-
-  def replayAsync(processorId: String, fromSequenceNr: Long, toSequenceNr: Long)(replayCallback: (PersistentRepr) ⇒ Unit): Future[Long] =
-    (store ? Replay(processorId, fromSequenceNr, toSequenceNr, replayCallback)).mapTo[Long]
+  override def preStart(): Unit = {
+    super.preStart()
+    self ! SetStore(context.actorOf(Props[InmemStore]))
+  }
 }
 
 /**
@@ -80,33 +70,19 @@ private[persistence] trait InmemMessages {
  * INTERNAL API.
  */
 private[persistence] class InmemStore extends Actor with InmemMessages {
-  import InmemStore._
+  import AsyncWriteTarget._
 
   def receive = {
     case WriteBatch(pb) ⇒
-      pb.foreach(add)
-      success()
+      sender ! pb.foreach(add)
     case Delete(pid, fsnr, tsnr, false) ⇒
-      fsnr to tsnr foreach { snr ⇒ update(pid, snr)(_.update(deleted = true)) }
-      success()
+      sender ! (fsnr to tsnr foreach { snr ⇒ update(pid, snr)(_.update(deleted = true)) })
     case Delete(pid, fsnr, tsnr, true) ⇒
-      fsnr to tsnr foreach { snr ⇒ delete(pid, snr) }
-      success()
+      sender ! (fsnr to tsnr foreach { snr ⇒ delete(pid, snr) })
     case Confirm(pid, snr, cid) ⇒
-      update(pid, snr)(p ⇒ p.update(confirms = cid +: p.confirms))
-      success()
-    case Replay(pid, fromSnr, toSnr, callback) ⇒
-      read(pid, fromSnr, toSnr).foreach(callback)
-      success(maxSequenceNr(pid))
+      sender ! update(pid, snr)(p ⇒ p.update(confirms = cid +: p.confirms))
+    case Replay(pid, fromSnr, toSnr) ⇒
+      read(pid, fromSnr, toSnr).foreach(sender ! _)
+      sender ! ReplaySuccess(maxSequenceNr(pid))
   }
-
-  private def success(reply: Any = ()) =
-    sender ! reply
-}
-
-private[persistence] object InmemStore {
-  case class WriteBatch(pb: Seq[PersistentRepr])
-  case class Delete(processorId: String, fromSequenceNr: Long, toSequenceNr: Long, permanent: Boolean)
-  case class Confirm(processorId: String, sequenceNr: Long, channelId: String)
-  case class Replay(processorId: String, fromSequenceNr: Long, toSequenceNr: Long, replayCallback: (PersistentRepr) ⇒ Unit)
 }
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/leveldb/LeveldbIdMapping.scala b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/leveldb/LeveldbIdMapping.scala
index d52f38fe6a..82147c8b7d 100644
--- a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/leveldb/LeveldbIdMapping.scala
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/leveldb/LeveldbIdMapping.scala
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import akka.actor.Actor
  *
  * LevelDB backed persistent mapping of `String`-based processor and channel ids to numeric ids.
  */
-private[persistence] trait LeveldbIdMapping extends Actor { this: LeveldbJournal ⇒
+private[persistence] trait LeveldbIdMapping extends Actor { this: LeveldbStore ⇒
   import Key._
 
   private val idOffset = 10
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/leveldb/LeveldbJournal.scala b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/leveldb/LeveldbJournal.scala
index 2d65853290..7b64c5d109 100644
--- a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/leveldb/LeveldbJournal.scala
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/leveldb/LeveldbJournal.scala
@@ -1,94 +1,38 @@
 /**
  * Copyright (C) 2009-2013 Typesafe Inc. <http://www.typesafe.com>
- * Copyright (C) 2012-2013 Eligotech BV.
  */
-
 package akka.persistence.journal.leveldb
 
-import java.io.File
+import scala.concurrent.duration._
+import scala.language.postfixOps
 
-import scala.collection.immutable
-
-import org.iq80.leveldb._
-
-import akka.persistence._
-import akka.persistence.journal.SyncWriteJournal
-import akka.serialization.SerializationExtension
+import akka.actor._
+import akka.persistence.Persistence
+import akka.persistence.journal._
+import akka.util.Timeout
 
 /**
  * INTERNAL API.
  *
- * LevelDB backed journal.
+ * Journal backed by a local LevelDB store. For production use.
  */
-private[persistence] class LeveldbJournal extends SyncWriteJournal with LeveldbIdMapping with LeveldbReplay {
-  val config = context.system.settings.config.getConfig("akka.persistence.journal.leveldb")
-  val nativeLeveldb = config.getBoolean("native")
+private[persistence] class LeveldbJournal extends { val configPath = "akka.persistence.journal.leveldb" } with SyncWriteJournal with LeveldbStore
 
-  val leveldbOptions = new Options().createIfMissing(true)
-  val leveldbReadOptions = new ReadOptions().verifyChecksums(config.getBoolean("checksum"))
-  val leveldbWriteOptions = new WriteOptions().sync(config.getBoolean("fsync"))
-  val leveldbDir = new File(config.getString("dir"))
-  var leveldb: DB = _
-
-  def leveldbFactory =
-    if (nativeLeveldb) org.fusesource.leveldbjni.JniDBFactory.factory
-    else org.iq80.leveldb.impl.Iq80DBFactory.factory
-
-  // TODO: support migration of processor and channel ids
-  // needed if default processor and channel ids are used
-  // (actor paths, which contain deployment information).
-
-  val serialization = SerializationExtension(context.system)
-
-  import Key._
-
-  def write(persistentBatch: immutable.Seq[PersistentRepr]) =
-    withBatch(batch ⇒ persistentBatch.foreach(persistent ⇒ addToBatch(persistent, batch)))
-
-  def delete(processorId: String, fromSequenceNr: Long, toSequenceNr: Long, permanent: Boolean) = withBatch { batch ⇒
-    val nid = numericId(processorId)
-    if (permanent) fromSequenceNr to toSequenceNr foreach { sequenceNr ⇒
-      batch.delete(keyToBytes(Key(nid, sequenceNr, 0))) // TODO: delete confirmations and deletion markers, if any.
-    }
-    else fromSequenceNr to toSequenceNr foreach { sequenceNr ⇒
-      batch.put(keyToBytes(deletionKey(nid, sequenceNr)), Array.empty[Byte])
-    }
-  }
-
-  def confirm(processorId: String, sequenceNr: Long, channelId: String) {
-    leveldb.put(keyToBytes(Key(numericId(processorId), sequenceNr, numericId(channelId))), channelId.getBytes("UTF-8"))
-  }
-
-  def leveldbSnapshot = leveldbReadOptions.snapshot(leveldb.getSnapshot)
-  def leveldbIterator = leveldb.iterator(leveldbSnapshot)
-
-  def persistentToBytes(p: PersistentRepr): Array[Byte] = serialization.serialize(p).get
-  def persistentFromBytes(a: Array[Byte]): PersistentRepr = serialization.deserialize(a, classOf[PersistentRepr]).get
-
-  private def addToBatch(persistent: PersistentRepr, batch: WriteBatch): Unit = {
-    val nid = numericId(persistent.processorId)
-    batch.put(keyToBytes(counterKey(nid)), counterToBytes(persistent.sequenceNr))
-    batch.put(keyToBytes(Key(nid, persistent.sequenceNr, 0)), persistentToBytes(persistent))
-  }
-
-  private def withBatch[R](body: WriteBatch ⇒ R): R = {
-    val batch = leveldb.createWriteBatch()
-    try {
-      val r = body(batch)
-      leveldb.write(batch, leveldbWriteOptions)
-      r
-    } finally {
-      batch.close()
-    }
-  }
-
-  override def preStart() {
-    leveldb = leveldbFactory.open(leveldbDir, if (nativeLeveldb) leveldbOptions else leveldbOptions.compressionType(CompressionType.NONE))
-    super.preStart()
-  }
-
-  override def postStop() {
-    leveldb.close()
-    super.postStop()
-  }
+/**
+ * INTERNAL API.
+ *
+ * Journal backed by a [[SharedLeveldbStore]]. For testing only.
+ */
+private[persistence] class SharedLeveldbJournal extends AsyncWriteProxy {
+  val timeout: Timeout = Timeout(10 seconds) // TODO: make configurable
+}
+
+object SharedLeveldbJournal {
+  /**
+   * Sets the shared LevelDB `store` for the given actor `system`.
+   *
+   * @see [[SharedLeveldbStore]]
+   */
+  def setStore(store: ActorRef, system: ActorSystem): Unit =
+    Persistence(system).journalFor(null) ! AsyncWriteProxy.SetStore(store)
 }
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/leveldb/LeveldbReplay.scala b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/leveldb/LeveldbReplay.scala
index afc0eee7d3..adb69fc915 100644
--- a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/leveldb/LeveldbReplay.scala
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/leveldb/LeveldbReplay.scala
@@ -15,16 +15,16 @@ import akka.persistence.journal.AsyncReplay
  *
  * LevelDB backed message replay.
  */
-private[persistence] trait LeveldbReplay extends AsyncReplay { this: LeveldbJournal ⇒
+private[persistence] trait LeveldbReplay extends AsyncReplay { this: LeveldbStore ⇒
   import Key._
 
-  private val replayDispatcherId = context.system.settings.config.getString("akka.persistence.journal.leveldb.replay-dispatcher")
-  private val replayDispatcher = context.system.dispatchers.lookup(replayDispatcherId)
+  private lazy val replayDispatcherId = config.getString("replay-dispatcher")
+  private lazy val replayDispatcher = context.system.dispatchers.lookup(replayDispatcherId)
 
   def replayAsync(processorId: String, fromSequenceNr: Long, toSequenceNr: Long)(replayCallback: PersistentRepr ⇒ Unit): Future[Long] =
     Future(replay(numericId(processorId), fromSequenceNr: Long, toSequenceNr)(replayCallback))(replayDispatcher)
 
-  private def replay(processorId: Int, fromSequenceNr: Long, toSequenceNr: Long)(replayCallback: PersistentRepr ⇒ Unit): Long = {
+  def replay(processorId: Int, fromSequenceNr: Long, toSequenceNr: Long)(replayCallback: PersistentRepr ⇒ Unit): Long = {
     val iter = leveldbIterator
 
     @scala.annotation.tailrec
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/leveldb/LeveldbStore.scala b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/leveldb/LeveldbStore.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..607a1d65f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/leveldb/LeveldbStore.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2009-2013 Typesafe Inc. <http://www.typesafe.com>
+ * Copyright (C) 2012-2013 Eligotech BV.
+ */
+
+package akka.persistence.journal.leveldb
+
+import java.io.File
+
+import scala.collection.immutable
+import scala.util._
+
+import org.iq80.leveldb._
+
+import akka.actor._
+import akka.persistence._
+import akka.persistence.journal.AsyncWriteTarget
+import akka.serialization.SerializationExtension
+
+/**
+ * INTERNAL API.
+ */
+private[persistence] trait LeveldbStore extends Actor with LeveldbIdMapping with LeveldbReplay {
+  val configPath: String
+
+  val config = context.system.settings.config.getConfig(configPath)
+  val nativeLeveldb = config.getBoolean("native")
+
+  val leveldbOptions = new Options().createIfMissing(true)
+  val leveldbReadOptions = new ReadOptions().verifyChecksums(config.getBoolean("checksum"))
+  val leveldbWriteOptions = new WriteOptions().sync(config.getBoolean("fsync"))
+  val leveldbDir = new File(config.getString("dir"))
+  var leveldb: DB = _
+
+  def leveldbFactory =
+    if (nativeLeveldb) org.fusesource.leveldbjni.JniDBFactory.factory
+    else org.iq80.leveldb.impl.Iq80DBFactory.factory
+
+  // TODO: support migration of processor and channel ids
+  // needed if default processor and channel ids are used
+  // (actor paths, which contain deployment information).
+
+  val serialization = SerializationExtension(context.system)
+
+  import Key._
+
+  def write(persistentBatch: immutable.Seq[PersistentRepr]) =
+    withBatch(batch ⇒ persistentBatch.foreach(persistent ⇒ addToBatch(persistent, batch)))
+
+  def delete(processorId: String, fromSequenceNr: Long, toSequenceNr: Long, permanent: Boolean) = withBatch { batch ⇒
+    val nid = numericId(processorId)
+    if (permanent) fromSequenceNr to toSequenceNr foreach { sequenceNr ⇒
+      batch.delete(keyToBytes(Key(nid, sequenceNr, 0))) // TODO: delete confirmations and deletion markers, if any.
+    }
+    else fromSequenceNr to toSequenceNr foreach { sequenceNr ⇒
+      batch.put(keyToBytes(deletionKey(nid, sequenceNr)), Array.empty[Byte])
+    }
+  }
+
+  def confirm(processorId: String, sequenceNr: Long, channelId: String) {
+    leveldb.put(keyToBytes(Key(numericId(processorId), sequenceNr, numericId(channelId))), channelId.getBytes("UTF-8"))
+  }
+
+  def leveldbSnapshot = leveldbReadOptions.snapshot(leveldb.getSnapshot)
+  def leveldbIterator = leveldb.iterator(leveldbSnapshot)
+
+  def persistentToBytes(p: PersistentRepr): Array[Byte] = serialization.serialize(p).get
+  def persistentFromBytes(a: Array[Byte]): PersistentRepr = serialization.deserialize(a, classOf[PersistentRepr]).get
+
+  private def addToBatch(persistent: PersistentRepr, batch: WriteBatch): Unit = {
+    val nid = numericId(persistent.processorId)
+    batch.put(keyToBytes(counterKey(nid)), counterToBytes(persistent.sequenceNr))
+    batch.put(keyToBytes(Key(nid, persistent.sequenceNr, 0)), persistentToBytes(persistent))
+  }
+
+  private def withBatch[R](body: WriteBatch ⇒ R): R = {
+    val batch = leveldb.createWriteBatch()
+    try {
+      val r = body(batch)
+      leveldb.write(batch, leveldbWriteOptions)
+      r
+    } finally {
+      batch.close()
+    }
+  }
+
+  override def preStart() {
+    leveldb = leveldbFactory.open(leveldbDir, if (nativeLeveldb) leveldbOptions else leveldbOptions.compressionType(CompressionType.NONE))
+    super.preStart()
+  }
+
+  override def postStop() {
+    leveldb.close()
+    super.postStop()
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A LevelDB store that can be shared by multiple actor systems. The shared store must be
+ * set for each actor system that uses the store via `SharedLeveldbJournal.setStore`. The
+ * shared LevelDB store is for testing only.
+ */
+class SharedLeveldbStore extends { val configPath = "akka.persistence.journal.leveldb-shared.store" } with LeveldbStore {
+  import AsyncWriteTarget._
+
+  def receive = {
+    case WriteBatch(pb)                     ⇒ sender ! write(pb)
+    case Delete(pid, fsnr, tsnr, permanent) ⇒ sender ! delete(pid, fsnr, tsnr, permanent)
+    case Confirm(pid, snr, cid)             ⇒ sender ! confirm(pid, snr, cid)
+    case Replay(pid, fromSnr, toSnr) ⇒
+      val npid = numericId(pid)
+      val res = for {
+        _ ← Try(replay(npid, fromSnr, toSnr)(sender ! _))
+        max ← Try(maxSequenceNr(npid))
+      } yield max
+      res match {
+        case Success(max)   ⇒ sender ! ReplaySuccess(max)
+        case Failure(cause) ⇒ sender ! ReplayFailure(cause)
+      }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/test/scala/akka/persistence/PerformanceSpec.scala b/akka-persistence/src/test/scala/akka/persistence/PerformanceSpec.scala
index c3b356f0e4..a6606d7022 100644
--- a/akka-persistence/src/test/scala/akka/persistence/PerformanceSpec.scala
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/test/scala/akka/persistence/PerformanceSpec.scala
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ object PerformanceSpec {
   }
 }
 
-class PerformanceSpec extends AkkaSpec(PersistenceSpec.config("leveldb", "performance").withFallback(ConfigFactory.parseString(PerformanceSpec.config))) with PersistenceSpec with ImplicitSender {
+class PerformanceSpec extends AkkaSpec(PersistenceSpec.config("leveldb", "performance", serialization = "off").withFallback(ConfigFactory.parseString(PerformanceSpec.config))) with PersistenceSpec with ImplicitSender {
   import PerformanceSpec._
 
   val warmupCycles = system.settings.config.getInt("akka.persistence.performance.cycles.warmup")
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/test/scala/akka/persistence/PersistenceSpec.scala b/akka-persistence/src/test/scala/akka/persistence/PersistenceSpec.scala
index 9e8671e7e9..c1192ced3e 100644
--- a/akka-persistence/src/test/scala/akka/persistence/PersistenceSpec.scala
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/test/scala/akka/persistence/PersistenceSpec.scala
@@ -46,10 +46,10 @@ trait PersistenceSpec extends BeforeAndAfterEach with Cleanup { this: AkkaSpec 
 }
 
 object PersistenceSpec {
-  def config(plugin: String, test: String) = ConfigFactory.parseString(
+  def config(plugin: String, test: String, serialization: String = "on") = ConfigFactory.parseString(
     s"""
-      serialize-creators = on
-      serialize-messages = on
+      akka.actor.serialize-creators = ${serialization}
+      akka.actor.serialize-messages = ${serialization}
       akka.persistence.publish-plugin-commands = on
       akka.persistence.journal.plugin = "akka.persistence.journal.${plugin}"
       akka.persistence.journal.leveldb.dir = "target/journal-${test}-spec"
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ object PersistenceSpec {
 trait Cleanup { this: AkkaSpec ⇒
   val storageLocations = List(
     "akka.persistence.journal.leveldb.dir",
+    "akka.persistence.journal.leveldb-shared.store.dir",
     "akka.persistence.snapshot-store.local.dir").map(s ⇒ new File(system.settings.config.getString(s)))
 
   override protected def atStartup() {
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/test/scala/akka/persistence/journal/leveldb/SharedLeveldbJournalSpec.scala b/akka-persistence/src/test/scala/akka/persistence/journal/leveldb/SharedLeveldbJournalSpec.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b97150b724
--- /dev/null
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/test/scala/akka/persistence/journal/leveldb/SharedLeveldbJournalSpec.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2009-2013 Typesafe Inc. <http://www.typesafe.com>
+ */
+
+package akka.persistence.journal.leveldb
+
+import com.typesafe.config.ConfigFactory
+
+import akka.actor._
+import akka.persistence._
+import akka.testkit.{ TestProbe, AkkaSpec }
+
+object SharedLeveldbJournalSpec {
+  val config =
+    """
+      akka {
+        actor {
+          provider = "akka.remote.RemoteActorRefProvider"
+        }
+        persistence {
+          journal {
+            plugin = "akka.persistence.journal.leveldb-shared"
+            leveldb-shared.store.dir = target/shared-journal
+          }
+          snapshot-store.local.dir = target/snapshot-store
+        }
+        remote {
+          enabled-transports = ["akka.remote.netty.tcp"]
+          netty.tcp {
+            hostname = "127.0.0.1"
+            port = 0
+          }
+        }
+        loglevel = ERROR
+        log-dead-letters = 0
+        log-dead-letters-during-shutdown = off
+      }
+    """
+
+  class ExampleProcessor(probe: ActorRef, name: String) extends NamedProcessor(name) {
+    def receive = {
+      case Persistent(payload, _) ⇒ probe ! payload
+    }
+  }
+
+  class ExampleApp(probe: ActorRef, port: Int) extends Actor {
+    val processor = context.actorOf(Props(classOf[ExampleProcessor], probe, context.system.name))
+
+    def receive = {
+      case ActorIdentity(1, Some(store)) ⇒ SharedLeveldbJournal.setStore(store, context.system)
+      case m                             ⇒ processor forward m
+    }
+
+    override def preStart(): Unit = {
+      context.actorSelection(s"akka.tcp://store@127.0.0.1:${port}/user/store") ! Identify(1)
+    }
+  }
+
+  def port(system: ActorSystem) =
+    system.asInstanceOf[ExtendedActorSystem].provider.getDefaultAddress.port.get
+}
+
+class SharedLeveldbJournalSpec extends AkkaSpec(SharedLeveldbJournalSpec.config) with Cleanup {
+  import SharedLeveldbJournalSpec._
+
+  "A LevelDB store" can {
+    "be shared by multiple actor systems" in {
+      val storeSystem = ActorSystem("store", ConfigFactory.parseString(SharedLeveldbJournalSpec.config))
+      val processorASystem = ActorSystem("processorA", ConfigFactory.parseString(SharedLeveldbJournalSpec.config))
+      val processorBSystem = ActorSystem("processorB", ConfigFactory.parseString(SharedLeveldbJournalSpec.config))
+
+      val processorAProbe = new TestProbe(processorASystem)
+      val processorBProbe = new TestProbe(processorBSystem)
+
+      storeSystem.actorOf(Props[SharedLeveldbStore], "store")
+
+      val appA = processorASystem.actorOf(Props(classOf[ExampleApp], processorAProbe.ref, port(storeSystem)))
+      val appB = processorBSystem.actorOf(Props(classOf[ExampleApp], processorBProbe.ref, port(storeSystem)))
+
+      appA ! Persistent("a1")
+      appB ! Persistent("b1")
+
+      processorAProbe.expectMsg("a1")
+      processorBProbe.expectMsg("b1")
+
+      val recoveredAppA = processorASystem.actorOf(Props(classOf[ExampleApp], processorAProbe.ref, port(storeSystem)))
+      val recoveredAppB = processorBSystem.actorOf(Props(classOf[ExampleApp], processorBProbe.ref, port(storeSystem)))
+
+      recoveredAppA ! Persistent("a2")
+      recoveredAppB ! Persistent("b2")
+
+      processorAProbe.expectMsg("a1")
+      processorAProbe.expectMsg("a2")
+
+      processorBProbe.expectMsg("b1")
+      processorBProbe.expectMsg("b2")
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/test/scala/akka/persistence/serialization/SerializerSpec.scala b/akka-persistence/src/test/scala/akka/persistence/serialization/SerializerSpec.scala
index 09759d2b1c..3a92e9c20f 100644
--- a/akka-persistence/src/test/scala/akka/persistence/serialization/SerializerSpec.scala
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/test/scala/akka/persistence/serialization/SerializerSpec.scala
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2009-2013 Typesafe Inc. <http://www.typesafe.com>
+ */
+
 package akka.persistence.serialization
 
 import scala.collection.immutable
@@ -10,12 +14,6 @@ import akka.serialization._
 import akka.testkit._
 
 object SerializerSpecConfigs {
-  val common =
-    """
-      serialize-creators = on
-      serialize-messages = on
-    """
-
   val customSerializers =
     """
       akka.actor {
@@ -50,7 +48,7 @@ object SerializerSpecConfigs {
   val systemB = "akka.remote.netty.tcp.port = 0"
 
   def config(configs: String*): Config =
-    configs.foldLeft(ConfigFactory.parseString(common))((r, c) ⇒ r.withFallback(ConfigFactory.parseString(c)))
+    configs.foldLeft(ConfigFactory.empty)((r, c) ⇒ r.withFallback(ConfigFactory.parseString(c)))
 }
 
 import SerializerSpecConfigs._