diff --git a/akka-actor-typed-tests/src/test/scala/akka/actor/typed/ActorRefResolverSpec.scala b/akka-actor-typed-tests/src/test/scala/akka/actor/typed/ActorRefResolverSpec.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9d88a88574
--- /dev/null
+++ b/akka-actor-typed-tests/src/test/scala/akka/actor/typed/ActorRefResolverSpec.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 Lightbend Inc. <https://www.lightbend.com>
+ */
+
+package akka.actor.typed
+
+import akka.actor.ActorPath
+import akka.actor.ActorRefProvider
+import akka.actor.ActorSystemImpl
+import akka.actor.MinimalActorRef
+import akka.actor.RootActorPath
+import akka.actor.typed.scaladsl.Behaviors
+import org.scalatest.Matchers
+import org.scalatest.WordSpec
+import org.scalatest.concurrent.ScalaFutures
+
+class ActorRefResolverSpec extends WordSpec with ScalaFutures with Matchers {
+  "ActorRefResolver" should {
+    "not allow serialization of ref originating from other system" in {
+      val system1 = ActorSystem(Behaviors.empty[String], "sys1")
+      val system2 = ActorSystem(Behaviors.empty[String], "sys2")
+      try {
+        val ref1 = system1.systemActorOf(Behaviors.empty, "ref1")
+        val serialized = ActorRefResolver(system1).toSerializationFormat(ref1)
+        serialized should startWith("akka://sys1/")
+
+        intercept[IllegalArgumentException] {
+          // wrong system
+          ActorRefResolver(system2).toSerializationFormat(ref1)
+        }
+
+        // we can't detect that for MinimalActorRef
+        import akka.actor.typed.scaladsl.adapter._
+
+        val minRef1: akka.actor.ActorRef = new MinimalActorRef {
+          override def provider: ActorRefProvider = system1.toClassic.asInstanceOf[ActorSystemImpl].provider
+          override def path: ActorPath = RootActorPath(provider.getDefaultAddress) / "minRef1"
+        }
+
+        val minRef1Serialized = ActorRefResolver(system2).toSerializationFormat(minRef1)
+        minRef1Serialized should startWith("akka://sys2/")
+
+      } finally {
+        system1.terminate()
+        system2.terminate()
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/akka-actor-typed/src/main/scala/akka/actor/typed/ActorRefResolver.scala b/akka-actor-typed/src/main/scala/akka/actor/typed/ActorRefResolver.scala
index 2df0b953db..f90187027f 100644
--- a/akka-actor-typed/src/main/scala/akka/actor/typed/ActorRefResolver.scala
+++ b/akka-actor-typed/src/main/scala/akka/actor/typed/ActorRefResolver.scala
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 package akka.actor.typed
 
+import akka.actor.ActorRefWithCell
 import akka.actor.ExtendedActorSystem
 import akka.annotation.DoNotInherit
 import akka.annotation.InternalApi
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ abstract class ActorRefResolver extends Extension {
   def toSerializationFormat[T](ref: ActorRef[T]): String
 
   /**
-   * Deserialize an `ActorRef` in the [[#toSerializationFormat]].
+   * Deserialize an `ActorRef` in the [[ActorRefResolver#toSerializationFormat]].
    */
   def resolveActorRef[T](serializedActorRef: String): ActorRef[T]
 
@@ -49,8 +50,30 @@ abstract class ActorRefResolver extends Extension {
 
   private val classicSystem = system.toClassic.asInstanceOf[ExtendedActorSystem]
 
-  override def toSerializationFormat[T](ref: ActorRef[T]): String =
-    ref.path.toSerializationFormatWithAddress(classicSystem.provider.getDefaultAddress)
+  override def toSerializationFormat[T](ref: ActorRef[T]): String = {
+
+    def toSerializationFormatWithAddress =
+      ref.path.toSerializationFormatWithAddress(classicSystem.provider.getDefaultAddress)
+
+    ref.toClassic match {
+      case a: ActorRefWithCell =>
+        val originSystem = a.underlying.system.asInstanceOf[ExtendedActorSystem]
+        if (originSystem eq classicSystem)
+          toSerializationFormatWithAddress
+        else
+          throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+            s"ActorRefResolver for ActorSystem [${classicSystem.provider.getDefaultAddress}] shouldn't be used for " +
+            "serialization of ActorRef that originates from another ActorSystem " +
+            s"[${originSystem.provider.getDefaultAddress}]. Use the ActorRefResolver for that system instead.")
+
+      case _ =>
+        // no origin system information for RemoteActorRef or MinimalActorRef, so just use the
+        // one for this extension. That is correct for RemoteActorRef, but MinimalActorRef
+        // could be wrong. However, since we don't allow usage of "wrong" ActorSystem for
+        // ordinary ActorRef the users will learn not to make that mistake.
+        toSerializationFormatWithAddress
+    }
+  }
 
   override def resolveActorRef[T](serializedActorRef: String): ActorRef[T] =
     classicSystem.provider.resolveActorRef(serializedActorRef)