diff --git a/akka-bench-jmh/src/main/scala/akka/actor/ActorCreationBenchmark.scala b/akka-bench-jmh/src/main/scala/akka/actor/ActorCreationBenchmark.scala
index 74e440922e..777fd0fbe6 100644
--- a/akka-bench-jmh/src/main/scala/akka/actor/ActorCreationBenchmark.scala
+++ b/akka-bench-jmh/src/main/scala/akka/actor/ActorCreationBenchmark.scala
@@ -3,9 +3,10 @@
  */
 package akka.actor
 
+import scala.concurrent.duration._
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit
-
 import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations._
+import scala.concurrent.Await
 
 /*
 regex checking:
@@ -28,14 +29,14 @@ class ActorCreationBenchmark {
 
   var i = 1
   def name = {
-    i +=1
+    i += 1
     "some-rather-long-actor-name-actor-" + i
   }
 
   @TearDown(Level.Trial)
   def shutdown() {
-    system.shutdown()
-    system.awaitTermination()
+    system.terminate()
+    Await.ready(system.whenTerminated, 15.seconds)
   }
 
   @Benchmark
diff --git a/akka-bench-jmh/src/main/scala/akka/actor/ActorPathValidationBenchmark.scala b/akka-bench-jmh/src/main/scala/akka/actor/ActorPathValidationBenchmark.scala
index d1f8044a7c..65647c76a7 100644
--- a/akka-bench-jmh/src/main/scala/akka/actor/ActorPathValidationBenchmark.scala
+++ b/akka-bench-jmh/src/main/scala/akka/actor/ActorPathValidationBenchmark.scala
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Fork
 import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Measurement
 import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Mode
 import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.OutputTimeUnit
-import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Scope
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.{ Scope => JmhScope }
 import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.State
 import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Warmup
 
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Warmup
 [info] a.a.ActorPathValidationBenchmark.oldActor_1         thrpt        20        1.585        0.090   ops/us
  */
 @Fork(2)
-@State(Scope.Benchmark)
+@State(JmhScope.Benchmark)
 @BenchmarkMode(Array(Mode.Throughput))
 @Warmup(iterations = 5)
 @Measurement(iterations = 10)
@@ -36,8 +36,7 @@ class ActorPathValidationBenchmark {
 
   final val ElementRegex = """(?:[-\w:@&=+,.!~*'_;]|%\p{XDigit}{2})(?:[-\w:@&=+,.!~*'$_;]|%\p{XDigit}{2})*""".r
 
-
-//  @Benchmark // blows up with stack overflow, we know
+  //  @Benchmark // blows up with stack overflow, we know
   def old7000: Option[List[String]] = ElementRegex.unapplySeq(s)
 
   @Benchmark
diff --git a/akka-bench-jmh/src/main/scala/akka/actor/ForkJoinActorBenchmark.scala b/akka-bench-jmh/src/main/scala/akka/actor/ForkJoinActorBenchmark.scala
index d37fcdf000..243d0940f2 100644
--- a/akka-bench-jmh/src/main/scala/akka/actor/ForkJoinActorBenchmark.scala
+++ b/akka-bench-jmh/src/main/scala/akka/actor/ForkJoinActorBenchmark.scala
@@ -6,10 +6,9 @@ package akka.actor
 import akka.testkit.TestProbe
 import com.typesafe.config.ConfigFactory
 import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations._
-
 import scala.concurrent.duration._
-
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit
+import scala.concurrent.Await
 
 @State(Scope.Benchmark)
 @BenchmarkMode(Array(Mode.Throughput))
@@ -50,8 +49,8 @@ class ForkJoinActorBenchmark {
 
   @TearDown(Level.Trial)
   def shutdown() {
-    system.shutdown()
-    system.awaitTermination()
+    system.terminate()
+    Await.ready(system.whenTerminated, 15.seconds)
   }
 
   @Benchmark
@@ -105,10 +104,10 @@ object ForkJoinActorBenchmark {
   class Pipe(next: Option[ActorRef]) extends Actor {
     def receive = {
       case m @ `message` =>
-        if(next.isDefined) next.get forward m
-      case s @ `stop` => 
+        if (next.isDefined) next.get forward m
+      case s @ `stop` =>
         context stop self
-        if(next.isDefined) next.get forward s
+        if (next.isDefined) next.get forward s
     }
   }
   class PingPong extends Actor {
diff --git a/akka-bench-jmh/src/main/scala/akka/actor/ScheduleBenchmark.scala b/akka-bench-jmh/src/main/scala/akka/actor/ScheduleBenchmark.scala
index 46db76ffce..ab7fff9f6c 100644
--- a/akka-bench-jmh/src/main/scala/akka/actor/ScheduleBenchmark.scala
+++ b/akka-bench-jmh/src/main/scala/akka/actor/ScheduleBenchmark.scala
@@ -63,8 +63,8 @@ class ScheduleBenchmark {
 
   @TearDown
   def shutdown() {
-    system.shutdown()
-    system.awaitTermination()
+    system.terminate()
+    Await.ready(system.whenTerminated, 15.seconds)
   }
 
   def op(idx: Int) = if (idx == winner) promise.trySuccess(idx) else idx
diff --git a/akka-bench-jmh/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/LevelDbBatchingBenchmark.scala b/akka-bench-jmh/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/LevelDbBatchingBenchmark.scala
index 56a8ca5ff2..aaa2001036 100644
--- a/akka-bench-jmh/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/LevelDbBatchingBenchmark.scala
+++ b/akka-bench-jmh/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/LevelDbBatchingBenchmark.scala
@@ -5,10 +5,11 @@ package akka.persistence
 
 import java.io.File
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit
-
+import scala.concurrent.Await
+import scala.concurrent.duration._
 import akka.actor._
 import akka.persistence.journal.AsyncWriteTarget._
-import akka.persistence.journal.leveldb.{SharedLeveldbJournal, SharedLeveldbStore}
+import akka.persistence.journal.leveldb.{ SharedLeveldbJournal, SharedLeveldbStore }
 import akka.testkit.TestProbe
 import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils
 import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations._
@@ -38,10 +39,10 @@ class LevelDbBatchingBenchmark {
   var probe: TestProbe = _
   var store: ActorRef = _
 
-  val batch_1 = List.fill(1) { PersistentRepr("data", 12, "pa") }
-  val batch_10 = List.fill(10) { PersistentRepr("data", 12, "pa") }
-  val batch_100 = List.fill(100) { PersistentRepr("data", 12, "pa") }
-  val batch_200 = List.fill(200) { PersistentRepr("data", 12, "pa") }
+  val batch_1 = List.fill(1) { AtomicWrite(PersistentRepr("data", 12, "pa")) }
+  val batch_10 = List.fill(10) { AtomicWrite(PersistentRepr("data", 12, "pa")) }
+  val batch_100 = List.fill(100) { AtomicWrite(PersistentRepr("data", 12, "pa")) }
+  val batch_200 = List.fill(200) { AtomicWrite(PersistentRepr("data", 12, "pa")) }
 
   @Setup(Level.Trial)
   def setup() {
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ class LevelDbBatchingBenchmark {
     deleteStorage(sys)
     SharedLeveldbJournal.setStore(store, sys)
 
-    probe =  TestProbe()(sys)
+    probe = TestProbe()(sys)
     store = sys.actorOf(Props[SharedLeveldbStore], "store")
   }
 
@@ -58,8 +59,8 @@ class LevelDbBatchingBenchmark {
     store ! PoisonPill
     Thread.sleep(500)
 
-    sys.shutdown()
-    sys.awaitTermination()
+    sys.terminate()
+    Await.ready(sys.whenTerminated, 10.seconds)
   }
 
   @Benchmark
diff --git a/akka-bench-jmh/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/PersistenceActorDeferBenchmark.scala b/akka-bench-jmh/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/PersistenceActorDeferBenchmark.scala
index e88ecf9b57..6d1a384eec 100644
--- a/akka-bench-jmh/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/PersistenceActorDeferBenchmark.scala
+++ b/akka-bench-jmh/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/PersistenceActorDeferBenchmark.scala
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
  */
 package akka.persistence
 
+import scala.concurrent.duration._
 import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations._
 import org.openjdk.jmh._
 import com.typesafe.config.ConfigFactory
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ import akka.testkit.TestProbe
 import java.io.File
 import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils
 import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Scope
+import scala.concurrent.Await
 
 /*
   # OS:   OSX 10.9.3
@@ -55,8 +57,8 @@ class PersistentActorDeferBenchmark {
 
   @TearDown
   def shutdown() {
-    system.shutdown()
-    system.awaitTermination()
+    system.terminate()
+    Await.ready(system.whenTerminated, 15.seconds)
 
     storageLocations.foreach(FileUtils.deleteDirectory)
   }
diff --git a/akka-bench-jmh/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/PersistentActorBenchmark.scala b/akka-bench-jmh/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/PersistentActorBenchmark.scala
index 1825377638..ce95c367cd 100644
--- a/akka-bench-jmh/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/PersistentActorBenchmark.scala
+++ b/akka-bench-jmh/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/PersistentActorBenchmark.scala
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
  */
 package akka.persistence
 
+import scala.concurrent.duration._
 import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations._
 import org.openjdk.jmh._
 import com.typesafe.config.ConfigFactory
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ import akka.testkit.TestProbe
 import java.io.File
 import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils
 import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Scope
+import scala.concurrent.Await
 
 @State(Scope.Benchmark)
 @BenchmarkMode(Array(Mode.Throughput))
@@ -53,8 +55,8 @@ class PersistentActorThroughputBenchmark {
 
   @TearDown
   def shutdown() {
-    system.shutdown()
-    system.awaitTermination()
+    system.terminate()
+    Await.ready(system.whenTerminated, 15.seconds)
 
     storageLocations.foreach(FileUtils.deleteDirectory)
   }
diff --git a/akka-bench-jmh/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/PersistentActorWithAtLeastOnceDeliveryBenchmark.scala b/akka-bench-jmh/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/PersistentActorWithAtLeastOnceDeliveryBenchmark.scala
index a3f6dc600b..a7920cbf7e 100644
--- a/akka-bench-jmh/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/PersistentActorWithAtLeastOnceDeliveryBenchmark.scala
+++ b/akka-bench-jmh/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/PersistentActorWithAtLeastOnceDeliveryBenchmark.scala
@@ -3,15 +3,15 @@
  */
 package akka.persistence
 
-
+import scala.concurrent.duration._
 import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations._
 import akka.actor._
 import akka.testkit.TestProbe
 import java.io.File
 import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils
 import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Scope
-
 import scala.concurrent.duration._
+import scala.concurrent.Await
 
 @State(Scope.Benchmark)
 @BenchmarkMode(Array(Mode.Throughput))
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ class PersistentActorWithAtLeastOnceDeliveryBenchmark {
 
   @TearDown
   def shutdown() {
-    system.shutdown()
-    system.awaitTermination()
+    system.terminate()
+    Await.ready(system.whenTerminated, 15.seconds)
 
     storageLocations.foreach(FileUtils.deleteDirectory)
   }
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ class PersistentActorWithAtLeastOnceDeliveryBenchmark {
   def persistentActor_persistAsync_with_AtLeastOnceDelivery() {
     for (i <- 1 to dataCount)
       persistAsyncPersistentActorWithAtLeastOnceDelivery.tell(i, probe.ref)
-    probe.expectMsg(20 seconds, Evt(dataCount))
+    probe.expectMsg(20.seconds, Evt(dataCount))
   }
 
   @Benchmark
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class PersistentActorWithAtLeastOnceDeliveryBenchmark {
   def persistentActor_persist_with_AtLeastOnceDelivery() {
     for (i <- 1 to dataCount)
       persistPersistentActorWithAtLeastOnceDelivery.tell(i, probe.ref)
-    probe.expectMsg(2 minutes, Evt(dataCount))
+    probe.expectMsg(2.minutes, Evt(dataCount))
   }
 
   @Benchmark
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ class PersistentActorWithAtLeastOnceDeliveryBenchmark {
   def persistentActor_noPersist_with_AtLeastOnceDelivery() {
     for (i <- 1 to dataCount)
       noPersistPersistentActorWithAtLeastOnceDelivery.tell(i, probe.ref)
-    probe.expectMsg(20 seconds, Evt(dataCount))
+    probe.expectMsg(20.seconds, Evt(dataCount))
   }
 }
 
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class NoPersistPersistentActorWithAtLeastOnceDelivery(respondAfter: Int, val upS
       deliver(downStream, deliveryId =>
         Msg(deliveryId, n))
       if (n == respondAfter)
-      //switch to wait all message confirmed
+        //switch to wait all message confirmed
         context.become(waitConfirm)
     case Confirm(deliveryId) =>
       confirmDelivery(deliveryId)
@@ -128,9 +128,9 @@ class PersistPersistentActorWithAtLeastOnceDelivery(respondAfter: Int, val upStr
         deliver(downStream, deliveryId =>
           Msg(deliveryId, n))
         if (n == respondAfter)
-        //switch to wait all message confirmed
+          //switch to wait all message confirmed
           context.become(waitConfirm)
-    }
+      }
     case Confirm(deliveryId) =>
       confirmDelivery(deliveryId)
     case _ => // do nothing
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ class PersistAsyncPersistentActorWithAtLeastOnceDelivery(respondAfter: Int, val
         deliver(downStream, deliveryId =>
           Msg(deliveryId, n))
         if (n == respondAfter)
-        //switch to wait all message confirmed
+          //switch to wait all message confirmed
           context.become(waitConfirm)
       }
     case Confirm(deliveryId) =>
diff --git a/akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/persistence/PersistencePluginDocTest.java b/akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/persistence/PersistencePluginDocTest.java
index 107006f849..5d4d57aeef 100644
--- a/akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/persistence/PersistencePluginDocTest.java
+++ b/akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/persistence/PersistencePluginDocTest.java
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import java.io.File;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Optional;
-
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
 import akka.actor.*;
 import akka.dispatch.Futures;
 import com.typesafe.config.Config;
@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@ import akka.persistence.japi.snapshot.JavaSnapshotStoreSpec;
 import akka.persistence.journal.leveldb.SharedLeveldbJournal;
 import akka.persistence.journal.leveldb.SharedLeveldbStore;
 import scala.concurrent.Future;
-import akka.japi.Option;
-import akka.japi.Procedure;
 
 //#plugin-imports
 import akka.persistence.*;
@@ -87,7 +85,7 @@ public class PersistencePluginDocTest {
 
     class MyAsyncJournal extends AsyncWriteJournal {
         @Override
-        public Future<Void> doAsyncWriteMessages(Iterable<PersistentRepr> messages) {
+        public Future<Iterable<Optional<Exception>>> doAsyncWriteMessages(Iterable<AtomicWrite> messages) {
             return null;
         }
 
@@ -98,7 +96,7 @@ public class PersistencePluginDocTest {
 
         @Override
         public Future<Void> doAsyncReplayMessages(String persistenceId, long fromSequenceNr, 
-            long toSequenceNr, long max, Procedure<PersistentRepr> replayCallback) {
+            long toSequenceNr, long max, Consumer<PersistentRepr> replayCallback) {
             return null;
         }
 
diff --git a/akka-docs/rst/java/lambda-persistence.rst b/akka-docs/rst/java/lambda-persistence.rst
index cf650d0bda..cd1987df6a 100644
--- a/akka-docs/rst/java/lambda-persistence.rst
+++ b/akka-docs/rst/java/lambda-persistence.rst
@@ -138,13 +138,9 @@ the ``persist`` call and the execution(s) of the associated event handler. This
 calls in context of a single command.
 
 If persistence of an event fails, ``onPersistFailure`` will be invoked (logging the error by default)
-and the actor will unconditionally be stopped. The reason that it cannot resume when persist fails
-is that it is unknown if the even was actually persisted or not, and therefore it is in an inconsistent
-state. Restarting on persistent failures will most likely fail anyway, since the journal is probably
-unavailable. It is better to stop the actor and after a back-off timeout start it again. The
-``akka.persistence.BackoffSupervisor`` actor is provided to support such restarts.
-
-.. includecode:: ../../../akka-samples/akka-sample-persistence-java-lambda/src/main/java/doc/LambdaPersistenceDocTest.java#backoff
+and the actor will unconditionally be stopped. If persistence of an event is rejected before it is
+stored, e.g. due to serialization error, ``onPersistRejected`` will be invoked (logging a warning 
+by default) and the actor continues with next message.
 
 The easiest way to run this example yourself is to download `Typesafe Activator <http://www.typesafe.com/platform/getstarted>`_
 and open the tutorial named `Akka Persistence Samples in Java with Lambdas <http://www.typesafe.com/activator/template/akka-sample-persistence-java-lambda>`_.
@@ -220,8 +216,8 @@ and before any other received messages.
 
 .. includecode:: ../../../akka-samples/akka-sample-persistence-java-lambda/src/main/java/doc/LambdaPersistenceDocTest.java#recovery-completed
 
-If there is a problem with recovering the state of the actor from the journal, the error will be logged and the
-actor will be stopped. 
+If there is a problem with recovering the state of the actor from the journal, ``onReplayFailure`` 
+is called (logging the error by default) and the actor will be stopped. 
 
 
 Relaxed local consistency requirements and high throughput use-cases
@@ -274,6 +270,40 @@ of the command for which this ``defer`` handler was called.
   The callback will not be invoked if the actor is restarted (or stopped) in between the call to
   ``defer`` and the journal has processed and confirmed all preceding writes.
 
+Failures
+--------
+
+If persistence of an event fails, ``onPersistFailure`` will be invoked (logging the error by default)
+and the actor will unconditionally be stopped. 
+
+The reason that it cannot resume when persist fails is that it is unknown if the even was actually
+persisted or not, and therefore it is in an inconsistent state. Restarting on persistent failures 
+will most likely fail anyway, since the journal is probably unavailable. It is better to stop the 
+actor and after a back-off timeout start it again. The ``akka.persistence.BackoffSupervisor`` actor
+is provided to support such restarts.
+
+.. includecode:: ../../../akka-samples/akka-sample-persistence-java-lambda/src/main/java/doc/LambdaPersistenceDocTest.java#backoff
+
+If persistence of an event is rejected before it is stored, e.g. due to serialization error, 
+``onPersistRejected`` will be invoked (logging a warning by default) and the actor continues with
+next message.
+
+If there is a problem with recovering the state of the actor from the journal when the actor is
+started, ``onReplayFailure`` is called (logging the error by default) and the actor will be stopped.
+
+Atomic writes
+-------------
+
+Each event is of course stored atomically, but it is also possible to store several events atomically by
+using the ``persistAll`` or ``persistAllAsync`` method. That means that all events passed to that method
+are stored or none of them are stored if there is an error. 
+
+The recovery of a persistent actor will therefore never be done partially with only a subset of events persisted by
+`persistAll`.
+
+Some journals may not support atomic writes of several events and they will then reject the ``persistAll``
+command, i.e. ``onPersistRejected`` is called with an exception (typically ``UnsupportedOperationException``).
+
 Batch writes
 ------------
 
@@ -287,11 +317,6 @@ the maximum throughput dramatically.
 A new batch write is triggered by a persistent actor as soon as a batch reaches the maximum size or if the journal completed
 writing the previous batch. Batch writes are never timer-based which keeps latencies at a minimum.
 
-The batches are also used internally to ensure atomic writes of events. All events that are persisted in context
-of a single command are written as a single batch to the journal (even if ``persist`` is called multiple times per command).
-The recovery of an ``AbstractPersistentActor`` will therefore never be done partially (with only a subset of events persisted by a
-single command).
-
 Message deletion
 ----------------
 
diff --git a/akka-docs/rst/java/persistence.rst b/akka-docs/rst/java/persistence.rst
index 8a1634764a..119c08b171 100644
--- a/akka-docs/rst/java/persistence.rst
+++ b/akka-docs/rst/java/persistence.rst
@@ -139,13 +139,9 @@ the ``persist`` call and the execution(s) of the associated event handler. This
 calls in context of a single command.
 
 If persistence of an event fails, ``onPersistFailure`` will be invoked (logging the error by default)
-and the actor will unconditionally be stopped. The reason that it cannot resume when persist fails
-is that it is unknown if the even was actually persisted or not, and therefore it is in an inconsistent
-state. Restarting on persistent failures will most likely fail anyway, since the journal is probably
-unavailable. It is better to stop the actor and after a back-off timeout start it again. The
-``akka.persistence.BackoffSupervisor`` actor is provided to support such restarts.
-
-.. includecode:: code/docs/persistence/PersistenceDocTest.java#backoff
+and the actor will unconditionally be stopped. If persistence of an event is rejected before it is
+stored, e.g. due to serialization error, ``onPersistRejected`` will be invoked (logging a warning 
+by default) and the actor continues with next message.
 
 The easiest way to run this example yourself is to download `Typesafe Activator <http://www.typesafe.com/platform/getstarted>`_
 and open the tutorial named `Akka Persistence Samples with Java <http://www.typesafe.com/activator/template/akka-sample-persistence-java>`_.
@@ -222,8 +218,8 @@ and before any other received messages.
 
 .. includecode:: code/docs/persistence/PersistenceDocTest.java#recovery-completed
 
-If there is a problem with recovering the state of the actor from the journal, the error will be logged and the
-actor will be stopped. 
+If there is a problem with recovering the state of the actor from the journal, ``onReplayFailure`` 
+is called (logging the error by default) and the actor will be stopped. 
 
 .. _persist-async-java:
 
@@ -277,6 +273,40 @@ of the command for which this ``defer`` handler was called.
   The callback will not be invoked if the actor is restarted (or stopped) in between the call to
   ``defer`` and the journal has processed and confirmed all preceding writes.
 
+Failures
+--------
+
+If persistence of an event fails, ``onPersistFailure`` will be invoked (logging the error by default)
+and the actor will unconditionally be stopped. 
+
+The reason that it cannot resume when persist fails is that it is unknown if the even was actually
+persisted or not, and therefore it is in an inconsistent state. Restarting on persistent failures 
+will most likely fail anyway, since the journal is probably unavailable. It is better to stop the 
+actor and after a back-off timeout start it again. The ``akka.persistence.BackoffSupervisor`` actor
+is provided to support such restarts.
+
+.. includecode:: code/docs/persistence/PersistenceDocTest.java#backoff
+
+If persistence of an event is rejected before it is stored, e.g. due to serialization error, 
+``onPersistRejected`` will be invoked (logging a warning by default) and the actor continues with
+next message.
+
+If there is a problem with recovering the state of the actor from the journal when the actor is
+started, ``onReplayFailure`` is called (logging the error by default) and the actor will be stopped.
+
+Atomic writes
+-------------
+
+Each event is of course stored atomically, but it is also possible to store several events atomically by
+using the ``persistAll`` or ``persistAllAsync`` method. That means that all events passed to that method
+are stored or none of them are stored if there is an error. 
+
+The recovery of a persistent actor will therefore never be done partially with only a subset of events persisted by
+`persistAll`.
+
+Some journals may not support atomic writes of several events and they will then reject the ``persistAll``
+command, i.e. ``onPersistRejected`` is called with an exception (typically ``UnsupportedOperationException``).
+
 Batch writes
 ------------
 
@@ -290,12 +320,6 @@ the maximum throughput dramatically.
 A new batch write is triggered by a persistent actor as soon as a batch reaches the maximum size or if the journal completed
 writing the previous batch. Batch writes are never timer-based which keeps latencies at a minimum.
 
-The batches are also used internally to ensure atomic writes of events. All events that are persisted in context
-of a single command are written as a single batch to the journal (even if ``persist`` is called multiple times per command).
-The recovery of an ``UntypedPersistentActor`` will therefore never be done partially (with only a subset of events persisted by a
-single command).
-
-
 Message deletion
 ----------------
 
diff --git a/akka-docs/rst/project/migration-guide-2.3.x-2.4.x.rst b/akka-docs/rst/project/migration-guide-2.3.x-2.4.x.rst
index 61904ae6e9..64dab14be4 100644
--- a/akka-docs/rst/project/migration-guide-2.3.x-2.4.x.rst
+++ b/akka-docs/rst/project/migration-guide-2.3.x-2.4.x.rst
@@ -170,7 +170,6 @@ Default interval for TestKit.awaitAssert changed to 100 ms
 Default check interval changed from 800 ms to 100 ms. You can define the interval explicitly if you need a
 longer interval.
 
-
 Secure Cookies
 ==============
 
@@ -384,4 +383,43 @@ the Java 8 provided ``Optional`` type is used now.
 
 Please remember that when creating an ``java.util.Optional`` instance from a (possibly) ``null`` value you will want to
 use the non-throwing ``Optional.fromNullable`` method, which converts a ``null`` into a ``None`` value - which is
-slightly different than its Scala counterpart (where ``Option.apply(null)`` returns ``None``).
\ No newline at end of file
+slightly different than its Scala counterpart (where ``Option.apply(null)`` returns ``None``).
+
+Atomic writes
+-------------
+
+``asyncWriteMessages`` and ``writeMessages`` takes a ``immutable.Seq[AtomicWrite]`` parameter instead of
+``immutable.Seq[PersistentRepr]``. 
+
+Each `AtomicWrite` message contains the single ``PersistentRepr`` that corresponds to the event that was 
+passed to the ``persist`` method of the ``PersistentActor``, or it contains several ``PersistentRepr`` 
+that corresponds to the events that were passed to the ``persistAll`` method of the ``PersistentActor``.
+All ``PersistentRepr`` of the `AtomicWrite` must be written to the data store atomically, i.e. all or 
+none must be stored.
+
+If the journal (data store) cannot support atomic writes of multiple events it should
+reject such writes with a ``Try`` ``Failure`` with an ``UnsupportedOperationException``
+describing the issue. This limitation should also be documented by the journal plugin.
+
+Rejecting writes
+----------------
+
+``asyncWriteMessages`` and ``writeMessages`` returns a ``Future[immutable.Seq[Try[Unit]]]`` or ``
+``immutable.Seq[Try[Unit]]`` respectively. 
+
+The journal can signal that it rejects individual messages (``AtomicWrite``) by the returned 
+`immutable.Seq[Try[Unit]]`. The returned ``Seq`` must have as many elements as the input 
+``messages`` ``Seq``. Each ``Try`` element signals if the corresponding ``AtomicWrite``
+is rejected or not, with an exception describing the problem. Rejecting a message means it
+was not stored, i.e. it must not be included in a later replay. Rejecting a message is
+typically done before attempting to store it, e.g. because of serialization error.
+
+Read the API documentation of these methods for more information about the semantics of
+rejections and failures.
+
+asyncReplayMessages Java API
+----------------------------
+
+The signature of `asyncReplayMessages` in the Java API changed from ``akka.japi.Procedure``
+to ``java.util.function.Consumer``.
+
diff --git a/akka-docs/rst/scala/code/docs/persistence/PersistencePluginDocSpec.scala b/akka-docs/rst/scala/code/docs/persistence/PersistencePluginDocSpec.scala
index 8684590172..b25b51225d 100644
--- a/akka-docs/rst/scala/code/docs/persistence/PersistencePluginDocSpec.scala
+++ b/akka-docs/rst/scala/code/docs/persistence/PersistencePluginDocSpec.scala
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 package docs.persistence
 
+import scala.collection.immutable
 import akka.actor.Actor.Receive
 import akka.actor.ActorSystem
 import akka.testkit.TestKit
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ import com.typesafe.config._
 import org.scalatest.WordSpec
 import scala.collection.immutable.Seq
 import scala.concurrent.Future
+import scala.util.Try
 import scala.concurrent.duration._
 
 //#plugin-imports
@@ -125,7 +127,7 @@ trait SharedLeveldbPluginDocSpec {
 }
 
 class MyJournal extends AsyncWriteJournal {
-  def asyncWriteMessages(messages: Seq[PersistentRepr]): Future[Unit] = ???
+  def asyncWriteMessages(messages: immutable.Seq[AtomicWrite]): Future[immutable.Seq[Try[Unit]]] = ???
   def asyncDeleteMessagesTo(persistenceId: String, toSequenceNr: Long,
                             permanent: Boolean): Future[Unit] = ???
   def asyncReplayMessages(persistenceId: String, fromSequenceNr: Long,
diff --git a/akka-docs/rst/scala/persistence.rst b/akka-docs/rst/scala/persistence.rst
index 22727ee49a..598f88fbec 100644
--- a/akka-docs/rst/scala/persistence.rst
+++ b/akka-docs/rst/scala/persistence.rst
@@ -124,13 +124,9 @@ the ``persist`` call and the execution(s) of the associated event handler. This
 calls in context of a single command.
 
 If persistence of an event fails, ``onPersistFailure`` will be invoked (logging the error by default)
-and the actor will unconditionally be stopped. The reason that it cannot resume when persist fails
-is that it is unknown if the even was actually persisted or not, and therefore it is in an inconsistent
-state. Restarting on persistent failures will most likely fail anyway, since the journal is probably
-unavailable. It is better to stop the actor and after a back-off timeout start it again. The
-``akka.persistence.BackoffSupervisor`` actor is provided to support such restarts.
-
-.. includecode:: code/docs/persistence/PersistenceDocSpec.scala#backoff
+and the actor will unconditionally be stopped. If persistence of an event is rejected before it is
+stored, e.g. due to serialization error, ``onPersistRejected`` will be invoked (logging a warning 
+by default) and the actor continues with next message.
 
 The easiest way to run this example yourself is to download `Typesafe Activator <http://www.typesafe.com/platform/getstarted>`_
 and open the tutorial named `Akka Persistence Samples with Scala <http://www.typesafe.com/activator/template/akka-sample-persistence-scala>`_.
@@ -206,8 +202,8 @@ and before any other received messages.
 
 .. includecode:: code/docs/persistence/PersistenceDocSpec.scala#recovery-completed
 
-If there is a problem with recovering the state of the actor from the journal, the error will be logged and the
-actor will be stopped. 
+If there is a problem with recovering the state of the actor from the journal, ``onReplayFailure`` 
+is called (logging the error by default) and the actor will be stopped. 
 
 .. _persist-async-scala:
 
@@ -263,6 +259,40 @@ The calling side will get the responses in this (guaranteed) order:
   The callback will not be invoked if the actor is restarted (or stopped) in between the call to
   ``defer`` and the journal has processed and confirmed all preceding writes.
 
+Failures
+--------
+
+If persistence of an event fails, ``onPersistFailure`` will be invoked (logging the error by default)
+and the actor will unconditionally be stopped. 
+
+The reason that it cannot resume when persist fails is that it is unknown if the even was actually
+persisted or not, and therefore it is in an inconsistent state. Restarting on persistent failures 
+will most likely fail anyway, since the journal is probably unavailable. It is better to stop the 
+actor and after a back-off timeout start it again. The ``akka.persistence.BackoffSupervisor`` actor
+is provided to support such restarts.
+
+.. includecode:: code/docs/persistence/PersistenceDocSpec.scala#backoff
+
+If persistence of an event is rejected before it is stored, e.g. due to serialization error, 
+``onPersistRejected`` will be invoked (logging a warning by default) and the actor continues with
+next message.
+
+If there is a problem with recovering the state of the actor from the journal when the actor is
+started, ``onReplayFailure`` is called (logging the error by default) and the actor will be stopped.
+
+Atomic writes
+-------------
+
+Each event is of course stored atomically, but it is also possible to store several events atomically by
+using the ``persistAll`` or ``persistAllAsync`` method. That means that all events passed to that method
+are stored or none of them are stored if there is an error. 
+
+The recovery of a persistent actor will therefore never be done partially with only a subset of events persisted by
+`persistAll`.
+
+Some journals may not support atomic writes of several events and they will then reject the ``persistAll``
+command, i.e. ``onPersistRejected`` is called with an exception (typically ``UnsupportedOperationException``).
+
 .. _batch-writes:
 
 Batch writes
@@ -278,10 +308,6 @@ the maximum throughput dramatically.
 A new batch write is triggered by a persistent actor as soon as a batch reaches the maximum size or if the journal completed
 writing the previous batch. Batch writes are never timer-based which keeps latencies at a minimum.
 
-The batches are also used internally to ensure atomic writes of events. All events that are persisted in context
-of a single command are written as a single batch to the journal (even if ``persist`` is called multiple times per command).
-The recovery of a ``PersistentActor`` will therefore never be done partially (with only a subset of events persisted by a
-single command).
 
 Message deletion
 ----------------
diff --git a/akka-persistence-tck/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/JournalSpec.scala b/akka-persistence-tck/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/JournalSpec.scala
index d661389dc0..28c0b9c5c3 100644
--- a/akka-persistence-tck/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/JournalSpec.scala
+++ b/akka-persistence-tck/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/JournalSpec.scala
@@ -42,20 +42,40 @@ abstract class JournalSpec(config: Config) extends PluginSpec(config) {
     writeMessages(1, 5, pid, senderProbe.ref)
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Implementation may override and return false if it does not
+   * support atomic writes of several events, as emitted by `persistAll`.
+   */
+  def supportsAtomicPersistAllOfSeveralEvents: Boolean = true
+
   def journal: ActorRef =
     extension.journalFor(null)
 
   def replayedMessage(snr: Long, deleted: Boolean = false, confirms: Seq[String] = Nil): ReplayedMessage =
     ReplayedMessage(PersistentImpl(s"a-${snr}", snr, pid, "", deleted, Actor.noSender))
 
-  def writeMessages(from: Int, to: Int, pid: String, sender: ActorRef): Unit = {
-    val msgs = from to to map { i ⇒ PersistentRepr(payload = s"a-${i}", sequenceNr = i, persistenceId = pid, sender = sender) }
+  def writeMessages(fromSnr: Int, toSnr: Int, pid: String, sender: ActorRef): Unit = {
+    val msgs =
+      if (supportsAtomicPersistAllOfSeveralEvents)
+        (fromSnr to toSnr).map { i ⇒
+          AtomicWrite(PersistentRepr(payload = s"a-$i", sequenceNr = i, persistenceId = pid, sender = sender))
+        }
+      else
+        (fromSnr to toSnr - 1).map { i ⇒
+          if (i == toSnr - 1)
+            AtomicWrite(List(
+              PersistentRepr(payload = s"a-$i", sequenceNr = i, persistenceId = pid, sender = sender),
+              PersistentRepr(payload = s"a-${i + 1}", sequenceNr = i + 1, persistenceId = pid, sender = sender)))
+          else
+            AtomicWrite(PersistentRepr(payload = s"a-${i}", sequenceNr = i, persistenceId = pid, sender = sender))
+        }
+
     val probe = TestProbe()
 
     journal ! WriteMessages(msgs, probe.ref, actorInstanceId)
 
     probe.expectMsg(WriteMessagesSuccessful)
-    from to to foreach { i ⇒
+    fromSnr to toSnr foreach { i ⇒
       probe.expectMsgPF() { case WriteMessageSuccess(PersistentImpl(payload, `i`, `pid`, _, _, `sender`), _) ⇒ payload should be(s"a-${i}") }
     }
   }
@@ -129,11 +149,9 @@ abstract class JournalSpec(config: Config) extends PluginSpec(config) {
       sub.expectMsg(cmd)
 
       journal ! ReplayMessages(1, Long.MaxValue, Long.MaxValue, pid, receiverProbe.ref, replayDeleted = true)
-      1 to 5 foreach { i ⇒
-        i match {
-          case 1 | 2 | 3 ⇒ receiverProbe.expectMsg(replayedMessage(i, deleted = true))
-          case 4 | 5     ⇒ receiverProbe.expectMsg(replayedMessage(i))
-        }
+      (1 to 5).foreach {
+        case i @ (1 | 2 | 3) ⇒ receiverProbe.expectMsg(replayedMessage(i, deleted = true))
+        case i @ (4 | 5)     ⇒ receiverProbe.expectMsg(replayedMessage(i))
       }
     }
 
@@ -148,5 +166,31 @@ abstract class JournalSpec(config: Config) extends PluginSpec(config) {
       journal ! ReadHighestSequenceNr(0L, "non-existing-pid", receiverProbe.ref)
       receiverProbe.expectMsg(ReadHighestSequenceNrSuccess(0))
     }
+
+    "reject non-serializable events" in {
+      // there is no chance that a journal could create a data representation for type of event
+      val notSerializableEvent = new Object { override def toString = "not serializable" }
+      val msgs = (6 to 8).map { i ⇒
+        val event = if (i == 7) notSerializableEvent else s"b-$i"
+        AtomicWrite(PersistentRepr(payload = event, sequenceNr = i, persistenceId = pid, sender = Actor.noSender))
+      }
+
+      val probe = TestProbe()
+      journal ! WriteMessages(msgs, probe.ref, actorInstanceId)
+
+      probe.expectMsg(WriteMessagesSuccessful)
+      val Pid = pid
+      probe.expectMsgPF() {
+        case WriteMessageSuccess(PersistentImpl(payload, 6L, Pid, _, _, Actor.noSender), _) ⇒ payload should be(s"b-6")
+      }
+      probe.expectMsgPF() {
+        case WriteMessageRejected(PersistentImpl(payload, 7L, Pid, _, _, Actor.noSender), _, _) ⇒
+          payload should be(notSerializableEvent)
+      }
+      probe.expectMsgPF() {
+        case WriteMessageSuccess(PersistentImpl(payload, 8L, Pid, _, _, Actor.noSender), _) ⇒ payload should be(s"b-8")
+      }
+
+    }
   }
 }
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/main/java/akka/persistence/journal/japi/AsyncRecoveryPlugin.java b/akka-persistence/src/main/java/akka/persistence/journal/japi/AsyncRecoveryPlugin.java
index 00b89cc40b..0292b46700 100644
--- a/akka-persistence/src/main/java/akka/persistence/journal/japi/AsyncRecoveryPlugin.java
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/main/java/akka/persistence/journal/japi/AsyncRecoveryPlugin.java
@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@
 
 package akka.persistence.journal.japi;
 
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+
 import scala.concurrent.Future;
 
-import akka.japi.Procedure;
 import akka.persistence.PersistentRepr;
 
 interface AsyncRecoveryPlugin {
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ interface AsyncRecoveryPlugin {
    *          called to replay a single message. Can be called from any thread.
    */
   Future<Void> doAsyncReplayMessages(String persistenceId, long fromSequenceNr, long toSequenceNr, long max,
-      Procedure<PersistentRepr> replayCallback);
+      Consumer<PersistentRepr> replayCallback);
 
   /**
    * Java API, Plugin API: asynchronously reads the highest stored sequence
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/main/java/akka/persistence/journal/japi/AsyncWritePlugin.java b/akka-persistence/src/main/java/akka/persistence/journal/japi/AsyncWritePlugin.java
index b5f8ae649f..4080d53fe4 100644
--- a/akka-persistence/src/main/java/akka/persistence/journal/japi/AsyncWritePlugin.java
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/main/java/akka/persistence/journal/japi/AsyncWritePlugin.java
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 
 package akka.persistence.journal.japi;
 
+import java.util.Optional;
+
 import scala.concurrent.Future;
 
 import akka.persistence.*;
@@ -11,11 +13,50 @@ import akka.persistence.*;
 interface AsyncWritePlugin {
   //#async-write-plugin-api
   /**
-   * Java API, Plugin API: synchronously writes a batch of persistent messages
-   * to the journal. The batch write must be atomic i.e. either all persistent
-   * messages in the batch are written or none.
+   * Java API, Plugin API: asynchronously writes a batch (`Iterable`) of
+   * persistent messages to the journal.
+   *
+   * The batch is only for performance reasons, i.e. all messages don't have to
+   * be written atomically. Higher throughput can typically be achieved by using
+   * batch inserts of many records compared inserting records one-by-one, but
+   * this aspect depends on the underlying data store and a journal
+   * implementation can implement it as efficient as possible with the
+   * assumption that the messages of the batch are unrelated.
+   *
+   * Each `AtomicWrite` message contains the single `PersistentRepr` that
+   * corresponds to the event that was passed to the `persist` method of the
+   * `PersistentActor`, or it contains several `PersistentRepr` that corresponds
+   * to the events that were passed to the `persistAll` method of the
+   * `PersistentActor`. All `PersistentRepr` of the `AtomicWrite` must be
+   * written to the data store atomically, i.e. all or none must be stored. If
+   * the journal (data store) cannot support atomic writes of multiple events it
+   * should reject such writes with an `Optional` with an
+   * `UnsupportedOperationException` describing the issue. This limitation
+   * should also be documented by the journal plugin.
+   *
+   * If there are failures when storing any of the messages in the batch the
+   * returned `Future` must be completed with failure. The `Future` must only be
+   * completed with success when all messages in the batch have been confirmed
+   * to be stored successfully, i.e. they will be readable, and visible, in a
+   * subsequent replay. If there are uncertainty about if the messages were
+   * stored or not the `Future` must be completed with failure.
+   *
+   * Data store connection problems must be signaled by completing the `Future`
+   * with failure.
+   *
+   * The journal can also signal that it rejects individual messages
+   * (`AtomicWrite`) by the returned
+   * `Iterable&lt;Optional&lt;Exception&gt;&gt;`. The returned `Iterable` must
+   * have as many elements as the input `messages` `Iterable`. Each `Optional`
+   * element signals if the corresponding `AtomicWrite` is rejected or not, with
+   * an exception describing the problem. Rejecting a message means it was not
+   * stored, i.e. it must not be included in a later replay. Rejecting a message
+   * is typically done before attempting to store it, e.g. because of
+   * serialization error.
+   *
+   * Data store connection problems must not be signaled as rejections.
    */
-  Future<Void> doAsyncWriteMessages(Iterable<PersistentRepr> messages);
+  Future<Iterable<Optional<Exception>>> doAsyncWriteMessages(Iterable<AtomicWrite> messages);
 
   /**
    * Java API, Plugin API: synchronously deletes all persistent messages up to
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/main/java/akka/persistence/journal/japi/SyncWritePlugin.java b/akka-persistence/src/main/java/akka/persistence/journal/japi/SyncWritePlugin.java
index 87e2d2a59f..11033ef76a 100644
--- a/akka-persistence/src/main/java/akka/persistence/journal/japi/SyncWritePlugin.java
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/main/java/akka/persistence/journal/japi/SyncWritePlugin.java
@@ -4,17 +4,57 @@
 
 package akka.persistence.journal.japi;
 
+import java.util.Optional;
+
 import akka.persistence.*;
 import scala.concurrent.Future;
 
 interface SyncWritePlugin {
   //#sync-write-plugin-api
   /**
-   * Java API, Plugin API: synchronously writes a batch of persistent messages
-   * to the journal. The batch write must be atomic i.e. either all persistent
-   * messages in the batch are written or none.
+   * Java API, Plugin API: asynchronously writes a batch (`Iterable`) of
+   * persistent messages to the journal.
+   *
+   * The batch is only for performance reasons, i.e. all messages don't have to
+   * be written atomically. Higher throughput can typically be achieved by using
+   * batch inserts of many records compared inserting records one-by-one, but
+   * this aspect depends on the underlying data store and a journal
+   * implementation can implement it as efficient as possible with the
+   * assumption that the messages of the batch are unrelated.
+   *
+   * Each `AtomicWrite` message contains the single `PersistentRepr` that
+   * corresponds to the event that was passed to the `persist` method of the
+   * `PersistentActor`, or it contains several `PersistentRepr` that corresponds
+   * to the events that were passed to the `persistAll` method of the
+   * `PersistentActor`. All `PersistentRepr` of the `AtomicWrite` must be
+   * written to the data store atomically, i.e. all or none must be stored. If
+   * the journal (data store) cannot support atomic writes of multiple events it
+   * should reject such writes with an `Optional` with an
+   * `UnsupportedOperationException` describing the issue. This limitation
+   * should also be documented by the journal plugin.
+   *
+   * If there are failures when storing any of the messages in the batch the
+   * method must throw an exception. The method must only return normally when
+   * all messages in the batch have been confirmed to be stored successfully,
+   * i.e. they will be readable, and visible, in a subsequent replay. If there
+   * are uncertainty about if the messages were stored or not the method must
+   * throw an exception.
+   *
+   * Data store connection problems must be signaled by throwing an exception.
+   *
+   * The journal can also signal that it rejects individual messages
+   * (`AtomicWrite`) by the returned
+   * `Iterable&lt;Optional&lt;Exception&gt;&gt;`. The returned `Iterable` must
+   * have as many elements as the input `messages` `Iterable`. Each `Optional`
+   * element signals if the corresponding `AtomicWrite` is rejected or not, with
+   * an exception describing the problem. Rejecting a message means it was not
+   * stored, i.e. it must not be included in a later replay. Rejecting a message
+   * is typically done before attempting to store it, e.g. because of
+   * serialization error.
+   *
+   * Data store connection problems must not be signaled as rejections.
    */
-  void doWriteMessages(Iterable<PersistentRepr> messages);
+  Iterable<Optional<Exception>> doWriteMessages(Iterable<AtomicWrite> messages);
 
   /**
    * Java API, Plugin API: synchronously deletes all persistent messages up to
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/main/java/akka/persistence/serialization/MessageFormats.java b/akka-persistence/src/main/java/akka/persistence/serialization/MessageFormats.java
index 03343f525d..b5d7500aa3 100644
--- a/akka-persistence/src/main/java/akka/persistence/serialization/MessageFormats.java
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/main/java/akka/persistence/serialization/MessageFormats.java
@@ -1833,6 +1833,692 @@ public final class MessageFormats {
     // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:PersistentPayload)
   }
 
+  public interface AtomicWriteOrBuilder
+      extends com.google.protobuf.MessageOrBuilder {
+
+    // repeated .PersistentMessage payload = 1;
+    /**
+     * <code>repeated .PersistentMessage payload = 1;</code>
+     */
+    java.util.List<akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessage> 
+        getPayloadList();
+    /**
+     * <code>repeated .PersistentMessage payload = 1;</code>
+     */
+    akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessage getPayload(int index);
+    /**
+     * <code>repeated .PersistentMessage payload = 1;</code>
+     */
+    int getPayloadCount();
+    /**
+     * <code>repeated .PersistentMessage payload = 1;</code>
+     */
+    java.util.List<? extends akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessageOrBuilder> 
+        getPayloadOrBuilderList();
+    /**
+     * <code>repeated .PersistentMessage payload = 1;</code>
+     */
+    akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessageOrBuilder getPayloadOrBuilder(
+        int index);
+  }
+  /**
+   * Protobuf type {@code AtomicWrite}
+   */
+  public static final class AtomicWrite extends
+      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage
+      implements AtomicWriteOrBuilder {
+    // Use AtomicWrite.newBuilder() to construct.
+    private AtomicWrite(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.Builder<?> builder) {
+      super(builder);
+      this.unknownFields = builder.getUnknownFields();
+    }
+    private AtomicWrite(boolean noInit) { this.unknownFields = com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.getDefaultInstance(); }
+
+    private static final AtomicWrite defaultInstance;
+    public static AtomicWrite getDefaultInstance() {
+      return defaultInstance;
+    }
+
+    public AtomicWrite getDefaultInstanceForType() {
+      return defaultInstance;
+    }
+
+    private final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields;
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet
+        getUnknownFields() {
+      return this.unknownFields;
+    }
+    private AtomicWrite(
+        com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
+        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      initFields();
+      int mutable_bitField0_ = 0;
+      com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.Builder unknownFields =
+          com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder();
+      try {
+        boolean done = false;
+        while (!done) {
+          int tag = input.readTag();
+          switch (tag) {
+            case 0:
+              done = true;
+              break;
+            default: {
+              if (!parseUnknownField(input, unknownFields,
+                                     extensionRegistry, tag)) {
+                done = true;
+              }
+              break;
+            }
+            case 10: {
+              if (!((mutable_bitField0_ & 0x00000001) == 0x00000001)) {
+                payload_ = new java.util.ArrayList<akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessage>();
+                mutable_bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
+              }
+              payload_.add(input.readMessage(akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessage.PARSER, extensionRegistry));
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(this);
+      } catch (java.io.IOException e) {
+        throw new com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException(
+            e.getMessage()).setUnfinishedMessage(this);
+      } finally {
+        if (((mutable_bitField0_ & 0x00000001) == 0x00000001)) {
+          payload_ = java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(payload_);
+        }
+        this.unknownFields = unknownFields.build();
+        makeExtensionsImmutable();
+      }
+    }
+    public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
+        getDescriptor() {
+      return akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.internal_static_AtomicWrite_descriptor;
+    }
+
+    protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.FieldAccessorTable
+        internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
+      return akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.internal_static_AtomicWrite_fieldAccessorTable
+          .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(
+              akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.AtomicWrite.class, akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.AtomicWrite.Builder.class);
+    }
+
+    public static com.google.protobuf.Parser<AtomicWrite> PARSER =
+        new com.google.protobuf.AbstractParser<AtomicWrite>() {
+      public AtomicWrite parsePartialFrom(
+          com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
+          com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+          throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+        return new AtomicWrite(input, extensionRegistry);
+      }
+    };
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public com.google.protobuf.Parser<AtomicWrite> getParserForType() {
+      return PARSER;
+    }
+
+    // repeated .PersistentMessage payload = 1;
+    public static final int PAYLOAD_FIELD_NUMBER = 1;
+    private java.util.List<akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessage> payload_;
+    /**
+     * <code>repeated .PersistentMessage payload = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public java.util.List<akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessage> getPayloadList() {
+      return payload_;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>repeated .PersistentMessage payload = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public java.util.List<? extends akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessageOrBuilder> 
+        getPayloadOrBuilderList() {
+      return payload_;
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>repeated .PersistentMessage payload = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public int getPayloadCount() {
+      return payload_.size();
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>repeated .PersistentMessage payload = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessage getPayload(int index) {
+      return payload_.get(index);
+    }
+    /**
+     * <code>repeated .PersistentMessage payload = 1;</code>
+     */
+    public akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessageOrBuilder getPayloadOrBuilder(
+        int index) {
+      return payload_.get(index);
+    }
+
+    private void initFields() {
+      payload_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
+    }
+    private byte memoizedIsInitialized = -1;
+    public final boolean isInitialized() {
+      byte isInitialized = memoizedIsInitialized;
+      if (isInitialized != -1) return isInitialized == 1;
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < getPayloadCount(); i++) {
+        if (!getPayload(i).isInitialized()) {
+          memoizedIsInitialized = 0;
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+      memoizedIsInitialized = 1;
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    public void writeTo(com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream output)
+                        throws java.io.IOException {
+      getSerializedSize();
+      for (int i = 0; i < payload_.size(); i++) {
+        output.writeMessage(1, payload_.get(i));
+      }
+      getUnknownFields().writeTo(output);
+    }
+
+    private int memoizedSerializedSize = -1;
+    public int getSerializedSize() {
+      int size = memoizedSerializedSize;
+      if (size != -1) return size;
+
+      size = 0;
+      for (int i = 0; i < payload_.size(); i++) {
+        size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream
+          .computeMessageSize(1, payload_.get(i));
+      }
+      size += getUnknownFields().getSerializedSize();
+      memoizedSerializedSize = size;
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 0L;
+    @java.lang.Override
+    protected java.lang.Object writeReplace()
+        throws java.io.ObjectStreamException {
+      return super.writeReplace();
+    }
+
+    public static akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.AtomicWrite parseFrom(
+        com.google.protobuf.ByteString data)
+        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
+    }
+    public static akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.AtomicWrite parseFrom(
+        com.google.protobuf.ByteString data,
+        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
+    }
+    public static akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.AtomicWrite parseFrom(byte[] data)
+        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
+    }
+    public static akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.AtomicWrite parseFrom(
+        byte[] data,
+        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
+    }
+    public static akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.AtomicWrite parseFrom(java.io.InputStream input)
+        throws java.io.IOException {
+      return PARSER.parseFrom(input);
+    }
+    public static akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.AtomicWrite parseFrom(
+        java.io.InputStream input,
+        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws java.io.IOException {
+      return PARSER.parseFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
+    }
+    public static akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.AtomicWrite parseDelimitedFrom(java.io.InputStream input)
+        throws java.io.IOException {
+      return PARSER.parseDelimitedFrom(input);
+    }
+    public static akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.AtomicWrite parseDelimitedFrom(
+        java.io.InputStream input,
+        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws java.io.IOException {
+      return PARSER.parseDelimitedFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
+    }
+    public static akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.AtomicWrite parseFrom(
+        com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input)
+        throws java.io.IOException {
+      return PARSER.parseFrom(input);
+    }
+    public static akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.AtomicWrite parseFrom(
+        com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
+        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws java.io.IOException {
+      return PARSER.parseFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
+    }
+
+    public static Builder newBuilder() { return Builder.create(); }
+    public Builder newBuilderForType() { return newBuilder(); }
+    public static Builder newBuilder(akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.AtomicWrite prototype) {
+      return newBuilder().mergeFrom(prototype);
+    }
+    public Builder toBuilder() { return newBuilder(this); }
+
+    @java.lang.Override
+    protected Builder newBuilderForType(
+        com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent parent) {
+      Builder builder = new Builder(parent);
+      return builder;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Protobuf type {@code AtomicWrite}
+     */
+    public static final class Builder extends
+        com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.Builder<Builder>
+       implements akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.AtomicWriteOrBuilder {
+      public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
+          getDescriptor() {
+        return akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.internal_static_AtomicWrite_descriptor;
+      }
+
+      protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.FieldAccessorTable
+          internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
+        return akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.internal_static_AtomicWrite_fieldAccessorTable
+            .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(
+                akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.AtomicWrite.class, akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.AtomicWrite.Builder.class);
+      }
+
+      // Construct using akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.AtomicWrite.newBuilder()
+      private Builder() {
+        maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
+      }
+
+      private Builder(
+          com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent parent) {
+        super(parent);
+        maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
+      }
+      private void maybeForceBuilderInitialization() {
+        if (com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.alwaysUseFieldBuilders) {
+          getPayloadFieldBuilder();
+        }
+      }
+      private static Builder create() {
+        return new Builder();
+      }
+
+      public Builder clear() {
+        super.clear();
+        if (payloadBuilder_ == null) {
+          payload_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
+          bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000001);
+        } else {
+          payloadBuilder_.clear();
+        }
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      public Builder clone() {
+        return create().mergeFrom(buildPartial());
+      }
+
+      public com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
+          getDescriptorForType() {
+        return akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.internal_static_AtomicWrite_descriptor;
+      }
+
+      public akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.AtomicWrite getDefaultInstanceForType() {
+        return akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.AtomicWrite.getDefaultInstance();
+      }
+
+      public akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.AtomicWrite build() {
+        akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.AtomicWrite result = buildPartial();
+        if (!result.isInitialized()) {
+          throw newUninitializedMessageException(result);
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+
+      public akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.AtomicWrite buildPartial() {
+        akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.AtomicWrite result = new akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.AtomicWrite(this);
+        int from_bitField0_ = bitField0_;
+        if (payloadBuilder_ == null) {
+          if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) == 0x00000001)) {
+            payload_ = java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(payload_);
+            bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000001);
+          }
+          result.payload_ = payload_;
+        } else {
+          result.payload_ = payloadBuilder_.build();
+        }
+        onBuilt();
+        return result;
+      }
+
+      public Builder mergeFrom(com.google.protobuf.Message other) {
+        if (other instanceof akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.AtomicWrite) {
+          return mergeFrom((akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.AtomicWrite)other);
+        } else {
+          super.mergeFrom(other);
+          return this;
+        }
+      }
+
+      public Builder mergeFrom(akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.AtomicWrite other) {
+        if (other == akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.AtomicWrite.getDefaultInstance()) return this;
+        if (payloadBuilder_ == null) {
+          if (!other.payload_.isEmpty()) {
+            if (payload_.isEmpty()) {
+              payload_ = other.payload_;
+              bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000001);
+            } else {
+              ensurePayloadIsMutable();
+              payload_.addAll(other.payload_);
+            }
+            onChanged();
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (!other.payload_.isEmpty()) {
+            if (payloadBuilder_.isEmpty()) {
+              payloadBuilder_.dispose();
+              payloadBuilder_ = null;
+              payload_ = other.payload_;
+              bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000001);
+              payloadBuilder_ = 
+                com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.alwaysUseFieldBuilders ?
+                   getPayloadFieldBuilder() : null;
+            } else {
+              payloadBuilder_.addAllMessages(other.payload_);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        this.mergeUnknownFields(other.getUnknownFields());
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      public final boolean isInitialized() {
+        for (int i = 0; i < getPayloadCount(); i++) {
+          if (!getPayload(i).isInitialized()) {
+            
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      public Builder mergeFrom(
+          com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
+          com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+          throws java.io.IOException {
+        akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.AtomicWrite parsedMessage = null;
+        try {
+          parsedMessage = PARSER.parsePartialFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
+        } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+          parsedMessage = (akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.AtomicWrite) e.getUnfinishedMessage();
+          throw e;
+        } finally {
+          if (parsedMessage != null) {
+            mergeFrom(parsedMessage);
+          }
+        }
+        return this;
+      }
+      private int bitField0_;
+
+      // repeated .PersistentMessage payload = 1;
+      private java.util.List<akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessage> payload_ =
+        java.util.Collections.emptyList();
+      private void ensurePayloadIsMutable() {
+        if (!((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) == 0x00000001)) {
+          payload_ = new java.util.ArrayList<akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessage>(payload_);
+          bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
+         }
+      }
+
+      private com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilder<
+          akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessage, akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessage.Builder, akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessageOrBuilder> payloadBuilder_;
+
+      /**
+       * <code>repeated .PersistentMessage payload = 1;</code>
+       */
+      public java.util.List<akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessage> getPayloadList() {
+        if (payloadBuilder_ == null) {
+          return java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(payload_);
+        } else {
+          return payloadBuilder_.getMessageList();
+        }
+      }
+      /**
+       * <code>repeated .PersistentMessage payload = 1;</code>
+       */
+      public int getPayloadCount() {
+        if (payloadBuilder_ == null) {
+          return payload_.size();
+        } else {
+          return payloadBuilder_.getCount();
+        }
+      }
+      /**
+       * <code>repeated .PersistentMessage payload = 1;</code>
+       */
+      public akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessage getPayload(int index) {
+        if (payloadBuilder_ == null) {
+          return payload_.get(index);
+        } else {
+          return payloadBuilder_.getMessage(index);
+        }
+      }
+      /**
+       * <code>repeated .PersistentMessage payload = 1;</code>
+       */
+      public Builder setPayload(
+          int index, akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessage value) {
+        if (payloadBuilder_ == null) {
+          if (value == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException();
+          }
+          ensurePayloadIsMutable();
+          payload_.set(index, value);
+          onChanged();
+        } else {
+          payloadBuilder_.setMessage(index, value);
+        }
+        return this;
+      }
+      /**
+       * <code>repeated .PersistentMessage payload = 1;</code>
+       */
+      public Builder setPayload(
+          int index, akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessage.Builder builderForValue) {
+        if (payloadBuilder_ == null) {
+          ensurePayloadIsMutable();
+          payload_.set(index, builderForValue.build());
+          onChanged();
+        } else {
+          payloadBuilder_.setMessage(index, builderForValue.build());
+        }
+        return this;
+      }
+      /**
+       * <code>repeated .PersistentMessage payload = 1;</code>
+       */
+      public Builder addPayload(akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessage value) {
+        if (payloadBuilder_ == null) {
+          if (value == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException();
+          }
+          ensurePayloadIsMutable();
+          payload_.add(value);
+          onChanged();
+        } else {
+          payloadBuilder_.addMessage(value);
+        }
+        return this;
+      }
+      /**
+       * <code>repeated .PersistentMessage payload = 1;</code>
+       */
+      public Builder addPayload(
+          int index, akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessage value) {
+        if (payloadBuilder_ == null) {
+          if (value == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException();
+          }
+          ensurePayloadIsMutable();
+          payload_.add(index, value);
+          onChanged();
+        } else {
+          payloadBuilder_.addMessage(index, value);
+        }
+        return this;
+      }
+      /**
+       * <code>repeated .PersistentMessage payload = 1;</code>
+       */
+      public Builder addPayload(
+          akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessage.Builder builderForValue) {
+        if (payloadBuilder_ == null) {
+          ensurePayloadIsMutable();
+          payload_.add(builderForValue.build());
+          onChanged();
+        } else {
+          payloadBuilder_.addMessage(builderForValue.build());
+        }
+        return this;
+      }
+      /**
+       * <code>repeated .PersistentMessage payload = 1;</code>
+       */
+      public Builder addPayload(
+          int index, akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessage.Builder builderForValue) {
+        if (payloadBuilder_ == null) {
+          ensurePayloadIsMutable();
+          payload_.add(index, builderForValue.build());
+          onChanged();
+        } else {
+          payloadBuilder_.addMessage(index, builderForValue.build());
+        }
+        return this;
+      }
+      /**
+       * <code>repeated .PersistentMessage payload = 1;</code>
+       */
+      public Builder addAllPayload(
+          java.lang.Iterable<? extends akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessage> values) {
+        if (payloadBuilder_ == null) {
+          ensurePayloadIsMutable();
+          super.addAll(values, payload_);
+          onChanged();
+        } else {
+          payloadBuilder_.addAllMessages(values);
+        }
+        return this;
+      }
+      /**
+       * <code>repeated .PersistentMessage payload = 1;</code>
+       */
+      public Builder clearPayload() {
+        if (payloadBuilder_ == null) {
+          payload_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
+          bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000001);
+          onChanged();
+        } else {
+          payloadBuilder_.clear();
+        }
+        return this;
+      }
+      /**
+       * <code>repeated .PersistentMessage payload = 1;</code>
+       */
+      public Builder removePayload(int index) {
+        if (payloadBuilder_ == null) {
+          ensurePayloadIsMutable();
+          payload_.remove(index);
+          onChanged();
+        } else {
+          payloadBuilder_.remove(index);
+        }
+        return this;
+      }
+      /**
+       * <code>repeated .PersistentMessage payload = 1;</code>
+       */
+      public akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessage.Builder getPayloadBuilder(
+          int index) {
+        return getPayloadFieldBuilder().getBuilder(index);
+      }
+      /**
+       * <code>repeated .PersistentMessage payload = 1;</code>
+       */
+      public akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessageOrBuilder getPayloadOrBuilder(
+          int index) {
+        if (payloadBuilder_ == null) {
+          return payload_.get(index);  } else {
+          return payloadBuilder_.getMessageOrBuilder(index);
+        }
+      }
+      /**
+       * <code>repeated .PersistentMessage payload = 1;</code>
+       */
+      public java.util.List<? extends akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessageOrBuilder> 
+           getPayloadOrBuilderList() {
+        if (payloadBuilder_ != null) {
+          return payloadBuilder_.getMessageOrBuilderList();
+        } else {
+          return java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(payload_);
+        }
+      }
+      /**
+       * <code>repeated .PersistentMessage payload = 1;</code>
+       */
+      public akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessage.Builder addPayloadBuilder() {
+        return getPayloadFieldBuilder().addBuilder(
+            akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessage.getDefaultInstance());
+      }
+      /**
+       * <code>repeated .PersistentMessage payload = 1;</code>
+       */
+      public akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessage.Builder addPayloadBuilder(
+          int index) {
+        return getPayloadFieldBuilder().addBuilder(
+            index, akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessage.getDefaultInstance());
+      }
+      /**
+       * <code>repeated .PersistentMessage payload = 1;</code>
+       */
+      public java.util.List<akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessage.Builder> 
+           getPayloadBuilderList() {
+        return getPayloadFieldBuilder().getBuilderList();
+      }
+      private com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilder<
+          akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessage, akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessage.Builder, akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessageOrBuilder> 
+          getPayloadFieldBuilder() {
+        if (payloadBuilder_ == null) {
+          payloadBuilder_ = new com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilder<
+              akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessage, akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessage.Builder, akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats.PersistentMessageOrBuilder>(
+                  payload_,
+                  ((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) == 0x00000001),
+                  getParentForChildren(),
+                  isClean());
+          payload_ = null;
+        }
+        return payloadBuilder_;
+      }
+
+      // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_scope:AtomicWrite)
+    }
+
+    static {
+      defaultInstance = new AtomicWrite(true);
+      defaultInstance.initFields();
+    }
+
+    // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:AtomicWrite)
+  }
+
   public interface AtLeastOnceDeliverySnapshotOrBuilder
       extends com.google.protobuf.MessageOrBuilder {
 
@@ -4032,6 +4718,11 @@ public final class MessageFormats {
   private static
     com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.FieldAccessorTable
       internal_static_PersistentPayload_fieldAccessorTable;
+  private static com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
+    internal_static_AtomicWrite_descriptor;
+  private static
+    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.FieldAccessorTable
+      internal_static_AtomicWrite_fieldAccessorTable;
   private static com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
     internal_static_AtLeastOnceDeliverySnapshot_descriptor;
   private static
@@ -4062,16 +4753,17 @@ public final class MessageFormats {
       " \001(\t\022\017\n\007deleted\030\004 \001(\010\022\016\n\006sender\030\013 \001(\t\022\020\n" +
       "\010manifest\030\014 \001(\t\"S\n\021PersistentPayload\022\024\n\014" +
       "serializerId\030\001 \002(\005\022\017\n\007payload\030\002 \002(\014\022\027\n\017p" +
-      "ayloadManifest\030\003 \001(\014\"\356\001\n\033AtLeastOnceDeli" +
-      "verySnapshot\022\031\n\021currentDeliveryId\030\001 \002(\003\022" +
-      "O\n\025unconfirmedDeliveries\030\002 \003(\01320.AtLeast" +
-      "OnceDeliverySnapshot.UnconfirmedDelivery",
-      "\032c\n\023UnconfirmedDelivery\022\022\n\ndeliveryId\030\001 " +
-      "\002(\003\022\023\n\013destination\030\002 \002(\t\022#\n\007payload\030\003 \002(" +
-      "\0132\022.PersistentPayload\"F\n\032PersistentState" +
-      "ChangeEvent\022\027\n\017stateIdentifier\030\001 \002(\t\022\017\n\007" +
-      "timeout\030\002 \001(\tB\"\n\036akka.persistence.serial" +
-      "izationH\001"
+      "ayloadManifest\030\003 \001(\014\"2\n\013AtomicWrite\022#\n\007p" +
+      "ayload\030\001 \003(\0132\022.PersistentMessage\"\356\001\n\033AtL" +
+      "eastOnceDeliverySnapshot\022\031\n\021currentDeliv" +
+      "eryId\030\001 \002(\003\022O\n\025unconfirmedDeliveries\030\002 \003",
+      "(\01320.AtLeastOnceDeliverySnapshot.Unconfi" +
+      "rmedDelivery\032c\n\023UnconfirmedDelivery\022\022\n\nd" +
+      "eliveryId\030\001 \002(\003\022\023\n\013destination\030\002 \002(\t\022#\n\007" +
+      "payload\030\003 \002(\0132\022.PersistentPayload\"F\n\032Per" +
+      "sistentStateChangeEvent\022\027\n\017stateIdentifi" +
+      "er\030\001 \002(\t\022\017\n\007timeout\030\002 \001(\tB\"\n\036akka.persis" +
+      "tence.serializationH\001"
     };
     com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor.InternalDescriptorAssigner assigner =
       new com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor.InternalDescriptorAssigner() {
@@ -4090,8 +4782,14 @@ public final class MessageFormats {
             com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.FieldAccessorTable(
               internal_static_PersistentPayload_descriptor,
               new java.lang.String[] { "SerializerId", "Payload", "PayloadManifest", });
-          internal_static_AtLeastOnceDeliverySnapshot_descriptor =
+          internal_static_AtomicWrite_descriptor =
             getDescriptor().getMessageTypes().get(2);
+          internal_static_AtomicWrite_fieldAccessorTable = new
+            com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.FieldAccessorTable(
+              internal_static_AtomicWrite_descriptor,
+              new java.lang.String[] { "Payload", });
+          internal_static_AtLeastOnceDeliverySnapshot_descriptor =
+            getDescriptor().getMessageTypes().get(3);
           internal_static_AtLeastOnceDeliverySnapshot_fieldAccessorTable = new
             com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.FieldAccessorTable(
               internal_static_AtLeastOnceDeliverySnapshot_descriptor,
@@ -4103,7 +4801,7 @@ public final class MessageFormats {
               internal_static_AtLeastOnceDeliverySnapshot_UnconfirmedDelivery_descriptor,
               new java.lang.String[] { "DeliveryId", "Destination", "Payload", });
           internal_static_PersistentStateChangeEvent_descriptor =
-            getDescriptor().getMessageTypes().get(3);
+            getDescriptor().getMessageTypes().get(4);
           internal_static_PersistentStateChangeEvent_fieldAccessorTable = new
             com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.FieldAccessorTable(
               internal_static_PersistentStateChangeEvent_descriptor,
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/main/protobuf/MessageFormats.proto b/akka-persistence/src/main/protobuf/MessageFormats.proto
index 32fec171c0..72f96ab9d2 100644
--- a/akka-persistence/src/main/protobuf/MessageFormats.proto
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/main/protobuf/MessageFormats.proto
@@ -25,6 +25,10 @@ message PersistentPayload {
   optional bytes payloadManifest = 3;
 }
 
+message AtomicWrite {
+  repeated PersistentMessage payload = 1;
+}
+
 message AtLeastOnceDeliverySnapshot {
   message UnconfirmedDelivery {
     required int64 deliveryId = 1;
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/Eventsourced.scala b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/Eventsourced.scala
index d54cbc919d..37aa394be4 100644
--- a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/Eventsourced.scala
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/Eventsourced.scala
@@ -132,6 +132,19 @@ private[persistence] trait Eventsourced extends Snapshotter with Stash with Stas
       event.getClass.getName, seqNr, persistenceId)
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Called when the journal rejected `persist` of an event. The event was not
+   * stored. By default this method logs the problem as a warning, and the actor continues.
+   * The callback handler that was passed to the `persist` method will not be invoked.
+   *
+   * @param cause failure cause
+   * @param event the event that was to be persisted
+   */
+  protected def onPersistRejected(cause: Throwable, event: Any, seqNr: Long): Unit = {
+    log.warning("Rejected to persist event type [{}] with sequence number [{}] for persistenceId [{}] due to [{}].",
+      event.getClass.getName, seqNr, persistenceId, cause.getMessage)
+  }
+
   /**
    * User-overridable callback. Called when a persistent actor is started or restarted.
    * Default implementation sends a `Recover()` to `self`. Note that if you override
@@ -264,7 +277,7 @@ private[persistence] trait Eventsourced extends Snapshotter with Stash with Stas
   final def persist[A](event: A)(handler: A ⇒ Unit): Unit = {
     pendingStashingPersistInvocations += 1
     pendingInvocations addLast StashingHandlerInvocation(event, handler.asInstanceOf[Any ⇒ Unit])
-    eventBatch = PersistentRepr(event) :: eventBatch
+    eventBatch = AtomicWrite(PersistentRepr(event, sender = sender())) :: eventBatch
   }
 
   /**
@@ -275,8 +288,13 @@ private[persistence] trait Eventsourced extends Snapshotter with Stash with Stas
    * @param events events to be persisted
    * @param handler handler for each persisted `events`
    */
-  final def persistAll[A](events: immutable.Seq[A])(handler: A ⇒ Unit): Unit =
-    events.foreach(persist(_)(handler)) // TODO the atomic part should be handled by issue #15377
+  final def persistAll[A](events: immutable.Seq[A])(handler: A ⇒ Unit): Unit = {
+    events.foreach { event ⇒
+      pendingStashingPersistInvocations += 1
+      pendingInvocations addLast StashingHandlerInvocation(event, handler.asInstanceOf[Any ⇒ Unit])
+    }
+    eventBatch = AtomicWrite(events.map(PersistentRepr.apply(_, sender = sender()))) :: eventBatch
+  }
 
   @deprecated("use persistAll instead", "2.4")
   final def persist[A](events: immutable.Seq[A])(handler: A ⇒ Unit): Unit =
@@ -307,7 +325,7 @@ private[persistence] trait Eventsourced extends Snapshotter with Stash with Stas
    */
   final def persistAsync[A](event: A)(handler: A ⇒ Unit): Unit = {
     pendingInvocations addLast AsyncHandlerInvocation(event, handler.asInstanceOf[Any ⇒ Unit])
-    eventBatch = PersistentRepr(event) :: eventBatch
+    eventBatch = AtomicWrite(PersistentRepr(event, sender = sender())) :: eventBatch
   }
 
   /**
@@ -318,8 +336,12 @@ private[persistence] trait Eventsourced extends Snapshotter with Stash with Stas
    * @param events events to be persisted
    * @param handler handler for each persisted `events`
    */
-  final def persistAllAsync[A](events: immutable.Seq[A])(handler: A ⇒ Unit): Unit =
-    events.foreach(persistAsync(_)(handler))
+  final def persistAllAsync[A](events: immutable.Seq[A])(handler: A ⇒ Unit): Unit = {
+    events.foreach { event ⇒
+      pendingInvocations addLast AsyncHandlerInvocation(event, handler.asInstanceOf[Any ⇒ Unit])
+    }
+    eventBatch = AtomicWrite(events.map(PersistentRepr.apply(_, sender = sender()))) :: eventBatch
+  }
 
   @deprecated("use persistAllAsync instead", "2.4")
   final def persistAsync[A](events: immutable.Seq[A])(handler: A ⇒ Unit): Unit =
@@ -526,6 +548,14 @@ private[persistence] trait Eventsourced extends Snapshotter with Stash with Stas
             onWriteMessageComplete(err = false)
           } catch { case NonFatal(e) ⇒ onWriteMessageComplete(err = true); throw e }
         }
+      case WriteMessageRejected(p, cause, id) ⇒
+        // instanceId mismatch can happen for persistAsync and defer in case of actor restart
+        // while message is in flight, in that case the handler has already been discarded
+        if (id == instanceId) {
+          updateLastSequenceNr(p)
+          onWriteMessageComplete(err = false)
+          onPersistRejected(cause, p.payload, p.sequenceNr)
+        }
       case WriteMessageFailure(p, cause, id) ⇒
         // instanceId mismatch can happen for persistAsync and defer in case of actor restart
         // while message is in flight, in that case the handler has already been discarded
@@ -542,9 +572,11 @@ private[persistence] trait Eventsourced extends Snapshotter with Stash with Stas
             onWriteMessageComplete(err = false)
           } catch { case NonFatal(e) ⇒ onWriteMessageComplete(err = true); throw e }
         }
-      case WriteMessagesSuccessful | WriteMessagesFailed(_) ⇒
-        // FIXME PN: WriteMessagesFailed?
+      case WriteMessagesSuccessful ⇒
         if (journalBatch.isEmpty) writeInProgress = false else flushJournalBatch()
+
+      case WriteMessagesFailed(_) ⇒
+        () // it will be stopped by the first WriteMessageFailure message
     }
 
     def onWriteMessageComplete(err: Boolean): Unit =
@@ -594,8 +626,9 @@ private[persistence] trait Eventsourced extends Snapshotter with Stash with Stas
     }
 
     private def addToBatch(p: PersistentEnvelope): Unit = p match {
-      case p: PersistentRepr ⇒
-        journalBatch :+= p.update(persistenceId = persistenceId, sequenceNr = nextSequenceNr(), sender = sender())
+      case a: AtomicWrite ⇒
+        journalBatch :+= a.copy(payload =
+          a.payload.map(_.update(persistenceId = persistenceId, sequenceNr = nextSequenceNr())))
       case r: PersistentEnvelope ⇒
         journalBatch :+= r
     }
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/JournalProtocol.scala b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/JournalProtocol.scala
index 27e9176f01..ce694e9b8d 100644
--- a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/JournalProtocol.scala
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/JournalProtocol.scala
@@ -70,6 +70,17 @@ private[persistence] object JournalProtocol {
   final case class WriteMessageSuccess(persistent: PersistentRepr, actorInstanceId: Int)
     extends Response
 
+  /**
+   * Reply message to a rejected [[WriteMessages]] request. The write of this message was rejected before
+   * it was stored, e.g. because it could not be serialized. For each contained [[PersistentRepr]] message
+   * in the request, a separate reply is sent to the requestor.
+   *
+   * @param message message rejected to be written.
+   * @param cause failure cause.
+   */
+  final case class WriteMessageRejected(message: PersistentRepr, cause: Throwable, actorInstanceId: Int)
+    extends Response
+
   /**
    * Reply message to a failed [[WriteMessages]] request. For each contained [[PersistentRepr]] message
    * in the request, a separate reply is sent to the requestor.
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/Persistent.scala b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/Persistent.scala
index 7da9628b12..4d5989e8b6 100644
--- a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/Persistent.scala
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/Persistent.scala
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 package akka.persistence
 
+import scala.collection.immutable
 import java.lang.{ Iterable ⇒ JIterable }
 import java.util.{ List ⇒ JList }
 
@@ -16,18 +17,30 @@ import akka.persistence.serialization.Message
  *
  * Marks messages which can be resequenced by the [[akka.persistence.journal.AsyncWriteJournal]].
  *
- * In essence it is either an [[NonPersistentRepr]] or [[PersistentRepr]].
+ * In essence it is either an [[NonPersistentRepr]] or [[AtomicWrite]].
  */
 private[persistence] sealed trait PersistentEnvelope {
   def payload: Any
   def sender: ActorRef
+  def size: Int
 }
 
 /**
  * INTERNAL API
  * Message which can be resequenced by the Journal, but will not be persisted.
  */
-private[persistence] final case class NonPersistentRepr(payload: Any, sender: ActorRef) extends PersistentEnvelope
+private[persistence] final case class NonPersistentRepr(payload: Any, sender: ActorRef) extends PersistentEnvelope {
+  override def size: Int = 1
+}
+
+object AtomicWrite {
+  def apply(event: PersistentRepr): AtomicWrite = apply(List(event))
+}
+
+final case class AtomicWrite(payload: immutable.Seq[PersistentRepr]) extends PersistentEnvelope with Message {
+  override def sender: ActorRef = ActorRef.noSender
+  override def size: Int = payload.size
+}
 
 /**
  * Plugin API: representation of a persistent message in the journal plugin API.
@@ -36,7 +49,7 @@ private[persistence] final case class NonPersistentRepr(payload: Any, sender: Ac
  * @see [[akka.persistence.journal.AsyncWriteJournal]]
  * @see [[akka.persistence.journal.AsyncRecovery]]
  */
-trait PersistentRepr extends PersistentEnvelope with Message {
+trait PersistentRepr extends Message {
 
   /**
    * This persistent message's payload.
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/AsyncWriteJournal.scala b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/AsyncWriteJournal.scala
index 07ca18d587..547ac01ffe 100644
--- a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/AsyncWriteJournal.scala
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/AsyncWriteJournal.scala
@@ -8,10 +8,12 @@ package akka.persistence.journal
 import akka.actor._
 import akka.pattern.pipe
 import akka.persistence._
-
 import scala.collection.immutable
 import scala.concurrent.Future
-import scala.util._
+import scala.util.control.NonFatal
+import scala.util.Try
+import scala.util.Success
+import scala.util.Failure
 
 /**
  * Abstract journal, optimized for asynchronous, non-blocking writes.
@@ -27,24 +29,68 @@ trait AsyncWriteJournal extends Actor with WriteJournalBase with AsyncRecovery {
   private val resequencer = context.actorOf(Props[Resequencer]())
   private var resequencerCounter = 1L
 
-  final def receive = receiveWriteJournal orElse receivePluginInternal
+  final def receive = receiveWriteJournal.orElse[Any, Unit](receivePluginInternal)
 
   final val receiveWriteJournal: Actor.Receive = {
     case WriteMessages(messages, persistentActor, actorInstanceId) ⇒
       val cctr = resequencerCounter
-      def resequence(f: PersistentRepr ⇒ Any) = messages.zipWithIndex.foreach {
-        case (p: PersistentRepr, i) ⇒ resequencer ! Desequenced(f(p), cctr + i + 1, persistentActor, p.sender)
-        case (r, i)                 ⇒ resequencer ! Desequenced(LoopMessageSuccess(r.payload, actorInstanceId), cctr + i + 1, persistentActor, r.sender)
+      resequencerCounter += messages.foldLeft(0)((acc, m) ⇒ acc + m.size) + 1
+
+      val prepared = Try(preparePersistentBatch(messages))
+      val writeResult = (prepared match {
+        case Success(prep) ⇒
+          // in case the asyncWriteMessages throws
+          try asyncWriteMessages(prep) catch { case NonFatal(e) ⇒ Future.failed(e) }
+        case f @ Failure(_) ⇒
+          // exception from preparePersistentBatch => rejected
+          Future.successful(messages.collect { case a: AtomicWrite ⇒ f })
+      }).map { results ⇒
+        if (results.size != prepared.get.size)
+          throw new IllegalStateException("asyncWriteMessages returned invalid number of results. " +
+            s"Expected [${prepared.get.size}], but got [${results.size}]")
+        results
       }
-      asyncWriteMessages(preparePersistentBatch(messages)) onComplete {
-        case Success(_) ⇒
+
+      writeResult.onComplete {
+        case Success(results) ⇒
           resequencer ! Desequenced(WriteMessagesSuccessful, cctr, persistentActor, self)
-          resequence(WriteMessageSuccess(_, actorInstanceId))
+
+          val resultsIter = results.iterator
+          var n = cctr + 1
+          messages.foreach {
+            case a: AtomicWrite ⇒
+              resultsIter.next() match {
+                case Success(_) ⇒
+                  a.payload.foreach { p ⇒
+                    resequencer ! Desequenced(WriteMessageSuccess(p, actorInstanceId), n, persistentActor, p.sender)
+                    n += 1
+                  }
+                case Failure(e) ⇒
+                  a.payload.foreach { p ⇒
+                    resequencer ! Desequenced(WriteMessageRejected(p, e, actorInstanceId), n, persistentActor, p.sender)
+                    n += 1
+                  }
+              }
+
+            case r: NonPersistentRepr ⇒
+              resequencer ! Desequenced(LoopMessageSuccess(r.payload, actorInstanceId), n, persistentActor, r.sender)
+              n += 1
+          }
+
         case Failure(e) ⇒
           resequencer ! Desequenced(WriteMessagesFailed(e), cctr, persistentActor, self)
-          resequence(WriteMessageFailure(_, e, actorInstanceId))
+          var n = cctr + 1
+          messages.foreach {
+            case a: AtomicWrite ⇒
+              a.payload.foreach { p ⇒
+                resequencer ! Desequenced(WriteMessageFailure(p, e, actorInstanceId), n, persistentActor, p.sender)
+                n += 1
+              }
+            case r: NonPersistentRepr ⇒
+              resequencer ! Desequenced(LoopMessageSuccess(r.payload, actorInstanceId), n, persistentActor, r.sender)
+              n += 1
+          }
       }
-      resequencerCounter += messages.length + 1
 
     case r @ ReplayMessages(fromSequenceNr, toSequenceNr, max, persistenceId, persistentActor, replayDeleted) ⇒
       // Send replayed messages and replay result to persistentActor directly. No need
@@ -80,11 +126,42 @@ trait AsyncWriteJournal extends Actor with WriteJournalBase with AsyncRecovery {
 
   //#journal-plugin-api
   /**
-   * Plugin API: asynchronously writes a batch of persistent messages to the journal.
-   * The batch write must be atomic i.e. either all persistent messages in the batch
-   * are written or none.
+   * Plugin API: asynchronously writes a batch (`Seq`) of persistent messages to the journal.
+   *
+   * The batch is only for performance reasons, i.e. all messages don't have to be written
+   * atomically. Higher throughput can typically be achieved by using batch inserts of many
+   * records compared inserting records one-by-one, but this aspect depends on the underlying
+   * data store and a journal implementation can implement it as efficient as possible with
+   * the assumption that the messages of the batch are unrelated.
+   *
+   * Each `AtomicWrite` message contains the single `PersistentRepr` that corresponds to the
+   * event that was passed to the `persist` method of the `PersistentActor`, or it contains
+   * several `PersistentRepr` that corresponds to the events that were passed to the `persistAll`
+   * method of the `PersistentActor`. All `PersistentRepr` of the `AtomicWrite` must be
+   * written to the data store atomically, i.e. all or none must be stored.
+   * If the journal (data store) cannot support atomic writes of multiple events it should
+   * reject such writes with a `Try` `Failure` with an `UnsupportedOperationException`
+   * describing the issue. This limitation should also be documented by the journal plugin.
+   *
+   * If there are failures when storing any of the messages in the batch the returned
+   * `Future` must be completed with failure. The `Future` must only be completed with
+   * success when all messages in the batch have been confirmed to be stored successfully,
+   * i.e. they will be readable, and visible, in a subsequent replay. If there are uncertainty
+   * about if the messages were stored or not the `Future` must be completed with failure.
+   *
+   * Data store connection problems must be signaled by completing the `Future` with
+   * failure.
+   *
+   * The journal can also signal that it rejects individual messages (`AtomicWrite`) by
+   * the returned `immutable.Seq[Try[Unit]]`. The returned `Seq` must have as many elements
+   * as the input `messages` `Seq`. Each `Try` element signals if the corresponding `AtomicWrite`
+   * is rejected or not, with an exception describing the problem. Rejecting a message means it
+   * was not stored, i.e. it must not be included in a later replay. Rejecting a message is
+   * typically done before attempting to store it, e.g. because of serialization error.
+   *
+   * Data store connection problems must not be signaled as rejections.
    */
-  def asyncWriteMessages(messages: immutable.Seq[PersistentRepr]): Future[Unit]
+  def asyncWriteMessages(messages: immutable.Seq[AtomicWrite]): Future[immutable.Seq[Try[Unit]]]
 
   /**
    * Plugin API: asynchronously deletes all persistent messages up to `toSequenceNr`
@@ -108,6 +185,8 @@ trait AsyncWriteJournal extends Actor with WriteJournalBase with AsyncRecovery {
  * INTERNAL API.
  */
 private[persistence] object AsyncWriteJournal {
+  val successUnit: Success[Unit] = Success(())
+
   final case class Desequenced(msg: Any, snr: Long, target: ActorRef, sender: ActorRef)
 
   class Resequencer extends Actor {
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/AsyncWriteProxy.scala b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/AsyncWriteProxy.scala
index 219cdee103..d2950ca41a 100644
--- a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/AsyncWriteProxy.scala
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/AsyncWriteProxy.scala
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import akka.actor._
 import akka.pattern.ask
 import akka.persistence._
 import akka.util._
+import scala.util.Try
 
 import scala.collection.immutable
 import scala.concurrent._
@@ -39,8 +40,8 @@ private[persistence] trait AsyncWriteProxy extends AsyncWriteJournal with Stash
 
   implicit def timeout: Timeout
 
-  def asyncWriteMessages(messages: immutable.Seq[PersistentRepr]): Future[Unit] =
-    (store ? WriteMessages(messages)).mapTo[Unit]
+  def asyncWriteMessages(messages: immutable.Seq[AtomicWrite]): Future[immutable.Seq[Try[Unit]]] =
+    (store ? WriteMessages(messages)).mapTo[immutable.Seq[Try[Unit]]]
 
   def asyncDeleteMessagesTo(persistenceId: String, toSequenceNr: Long, permanent: Boolean): Future[Unit] =
     (store ? DeleteMessagesTo(persistenceId, toSequenceNr, permanent)).mapTo[Unit]
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ private[persistence] object AsyncWriteProxy {
  */
 private[persistence] object AsyncWriteTarget {
   @SerialVersionUID(1L)
-  final case class WriteMessages(messages: immutable.Seq[PersistentRepr])
+  final case class WriteMessages(messages: immutable.Seq[AtomicWrite])
 
   @SerialVersionUID(1L)
   final case class DeleteMessagesTo(persistenceId: String, toSequenceNr: Long, permanent: Boolean)
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/SyncWriteJournal.scala b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/SyncWriteJournal.scala
index e97f5e00f1..4519de45fe 100644
--- a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/SyncWriteJournal.scala
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/SyncWriteJournal.scala
@@ -7,11 +7,14 @@ package akka.persistence.journal
 
 import scala.collection.immutable
 import scala.util._
-
 import akka.actor.{ ActorLogging, Actor }
 import akka.pattern.pipe
 import akka.persistence._
 
+object SyncWriteJournal {
+  val successUnit: Success[Unit] = Success(())
+}
+
 /**
  * Abstract journal, optimized for synchronous writes.
  */
@@ -24,18 +27,44 @@ trait SyncWriteJournal extends Actor with WriteJournalBase with AsyncRecovery wi
 
   final def receive = {
     case WriteMessages(messages, persistentActor, actorInstanceId) ⇒
-      Try(writeMessages(preparePersistentBatch(messages))) match {
-        case Success(_) ⇒
+      val writeResult = Try {
+        val prepared = preparePersistentBatch(messages)
+        val results = writeMessages(prepared)
+        if (results.size != prepared.size)
+          throw new IllegalStateException("writeMessages returned invalid number of results. " +
+            s"Expected [${prepared.size}], but got [${results.size}]")
+        results
+      }
+      writeResult match {
+        case Success(results) ⇒
           persistentActor ! WriteMessagesSuccessful
+          val resultsIter = results.iterator
           messages.foreach {
-            case p: PersistentRepr ⇒ persistentActor.tell(WriteMessageSuccess(p, actorInstanceId), p.sender)
-            case r                 ⇒ persistentActor.tell(LoopMessageSuccess(r.payload, actorInstanceId), r.sender)
+            case a: AtomicWrite ⇒
+              resultsIter.next() match {
+                case Success(_) ⇒
+                  a.payload.foreach { p ⇒
+                    persistentActor.tell(WriteMessageSuccess(p, actorInstanceId), p.sender)
+                  }
+                case Failure(e) ⇒
+                  a.payload.foreach { p ⇒
+                    persistentActor.tell(WriteMessageRejected(p, e, actorInstanceId), p.sender)
+                  }
+              }
+
+            case r: NonPersistentRepr ⇒
+              persistentActor.tell(LoopMessageSuccess(r.payload, actorInstanceId), r.sender)
           }
+
         case Failure(e) ⇒
           persistentActor ! WriteMessagesFailed(e)
           messages.foreach {
-            case p: PersistentRepr ⇒ persistentActor.tell(WriteMessageFailure(p, e, actorInstanceId), p.sender)
-            case r                 ⇒ persistentActor.tell(LoopMessageSuccess(r.payload, actorInstanceId), r.sender)
+            case a: AtomicWrite ⇒
+              a.payload.foreach { p ⇒
+                persistentActor.tell(WriteMessageFailure(p, e, actorInstanceId), p.sender)
+              }
+            case r: NonPersistentRepr ⇒
+              persistentActor.tell(LoopMessageSuccess(r.payload, actorInstanceId), r.sender)
           }
           throw e
       }
@@ -70,11 +99,41 @@ trait SyncWriteJournal extends Actor with WriteJournalBase with AsyncRecovery wi
 
   //#journal-plugin-api
   /**
-   * Plugin API: synchronously writes a batch of persistent messages to the journal.
-   * The batch write must be atomic i.e. either all persistent messages in the batch
-   * are written or none.
+   * * Plugin API: asynchronously writes a batch (`Seq`) of persistent messages to the journal.
+   *
+   * The batch is only for performance reasons, i.e. all messages don't have to be written
+   * atomically. Higher throughput can typically be achieved by using batch inserts of many
+   * records compared inserting records one-by-one, but this aspect depends on the underlying
+   * data store and a journal implementation can implement it as efficient as possible with
+   * the assumption that the messages of the batch are unrelated.
+   *
+   * Each `AtomicWrite` message contains the single `PersistentRepr` that corresponds to the
+   * event that was passed to the `persist` method of the `PersistentActor`, or it contains
+   * several `PersistentRepr` that corresponds to the events that were passed to the `persistAll`
+   * method of the `PersistentActor`. All `PersistentRepr` of the `AtomicWrite` must be
+   * written to the data store atomically, i.e. all or none must be stored.
+   * If the journal (data store) cannot support atomic writes of multiple events it should
+   * reject such writes with a `Try` `Failure` with an `UnsupportedOperationException`
+   * describing the issue. This limitation should also be documented by the journal plugin.
+   *
+   * If there are failures when storing any of the messages in the batch the method must
+   * throw an exception. The method must only return normally when all messages in the
+   * batch have been confirmed to be stored successfully, i.e. they will be readable,
+   * and visible, in a subsequent replay. If there are uncertainty about if the
+   * messages were stored or not the method must throw an exception.
+   *
+   * Data store connection problems must be signaled by throwing an exception.
+   *
+   * The journal can also signal that it rejects individual messages (`AtomicWrite`) by
+   * the returned `immutable.Seq[Try[Unit]]`. The returned `Seq` must have as many elements
+   * as the input `messages` `Seq`. Each `Try` element signals if the corresponding `AtomicWrite`
+   * is rejected or not, with an exception describing the problem. Rejecting a message means it
+   * was not stored, i.e. it must not be included in a later replay. Rejecting a message is
+   * typically done before attempting to store it, e.g. because of serialization error.
+   *
+   * Data store connection problems must not be signaled as rejections.
    */
-  def writeMessages(messages: immutable.Seq[PersistentRepr]): Unit
+  def writeMessages(messages: immutable.Seq[AtomicWrite]): immutable.Seq[Try[Unit]]
 
   /**
    * Plugin API: synchronously deletes all persistent messages up to `toSequenceNr`
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/WriteJournalBase.scala b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/WriteJournalBase.scala
index 452ff62d41..8ae48406e0 100644
--- a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/WriteJournalBase.scala
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/WriteJournalBase.scala
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import akka.actor.Actor
 import akka.persistence.{ Persistence, PersistentEnvelope, PersistentRepr }
 
 import scala.collection.immutable
+import akka.persistence.AtomicWrite
 
 private[akka] trait WriteJournalBase {
   this: Actor ⇒
@@ -15,9 +16,11 @@ private[akka] trait WriteJournalBase {
   lazy val persistence = Persistence(context.system)
   private def eventAdapters = persistence.adaptersFor(self)
 
-  protected def preparePersistentBatch(rb: immutable.Seq[PersistentEnvelope]): immutable.Seq[PersistentRepr] =
+  protected def preparePersistentBatch(rb: immutable.Seq[PersistentEnvelope]): immutable.Seq[AtomicWrite] =
     rb.collect { // collect instead of flatMap to avoid Some allocations
-      case p: PersistentRepr ⇒ adaptToJournal(p.update(sender = Actor.noSender)) // don't store the sender
+      case a: AtomicWrite ⇒
+        // don't store sender
+        a.copy(payload = a.payload.map(p ⇒ adaptToJournal(p.update(sender = Actor.noSender))))
     }
 
   /** INTERNAL API */
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/inmem/InmemJournal.scala b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/inmem/InmemJournal.scala
index 79fe0b5c14..90375d8aee 100644
--- a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/inmem/InmemJournal.scala
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/inmem/InmemJournal.scala
@@ -7,11 +7,12 @@ package akka.persistence.journal.inmem
 import scala.collection.immutable
 import scala.concurrent.duration._
 import scala.language.postfixOps
-
 import akka.actor._
 import akka.persistence._
+import akka.persistence.journal.AsyncWriteJournal
 import akka.persistence.journal.{ WriteJournalBase, AsyncWriteProxy, AsyncWriteTarget }
 import akka.util.Timeout
+import scala.util.Try
 
 /**
  * INTERNAL API.
@@ -36,17 +37,17 @@ private[persistence] trait InmemMessages {
   // persistenceId -> persistent message
   var messages = Map.empty[String, Vector[PersistentRepr]]
 
-  def add(p: PersistentRepr) = messages = messages + (messages.get(p.persistenceId) match {
+  def add(p: PersistentRepr): Unit = messages = messages + (messages.get(p.persistenceId) match {
     case Some(ms) ⇒ p.persistenceId -> (ms :+ p)
     case None     ⇒ p.persistenceId -> Vector(p)
   })
 
-  def update(pid: String, snr: Long)(f: PersistentRepr ⇒ PersistentRepr) = messages = messages.get(pid) match {
+  def update(pid: String, snr: Long)(f: PersistentRepr ⇒ PersistentRepr): Unit = messages = messages.get(pid) match {
     case Some(ms) ⇒ messages + (pid -> ms.map(sp ⇒ if (sp.sequenceNr == snr) f(sp) else sp))
     case None     ⇒ messages
   }
 
-  def delete(pid: String, snr: Long) = messages = messages.get(pid) match {
+  def delete(pid: String, snr: Long): Unit = messages = messages.get(pid) match {
     case Some(ms) ⇒ messages + (pid -> ms.filterNot(_.sequenceNr == snr))
     case None     ⇒ messages
   }
@@ -76,7 +77,11 @@ private[persistence] class InmemStore extends Actor with InmemMessages with Writ
 
   def receive = {
     case WriteMessages(msgs) ⇒
-      sender() ! msgs.foreach(add)
+      val results: immutable.Seq[Try[Unit]] =
+        for (a ← msgs) yield {
+          Try(a.payload.foreach(add))
+        }
+      sender() ! results
     case DeleteMessagesTo(pid, tsnr, false) ⇒
       sender() ! (1L to tsnr foreach { snr ⇒ update(pid, snr)(_.update(deleted = true)) })
     case DeleteMessagesTo(pid, tsnr, true) ⇒
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/japi/AsyncRecovery.scala b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/japi/AsyncRecovery.scala
index 666add5438..6ac0428bc2 100644
--- a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/japi/AsyncRecovery.scala
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/japi/AsyncRecovery.scala
@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@
 
 package akka.persistence.journal.japi
 
+import java.util.function.Consumer
 import scala.concurrent.Future
 
 import akka.actor.Actor
-import akka.japi.Procedure
 import akka.persistence.journal.{ AsyncRecovery ⇒ SAsyncReplay }
 import akka.persistence.PersistentRepr
 
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ abstract class AsyncRecovery extends SAsyncReplay with AsyncRecoveryPlugin { thi
   import context.dispatcher
 
   final def asyncReplayMessages(persistenceId: String, fromSequenceNr: Long, toSequenceNr: Long, max: Long)(replayCallback: (PersistentRepr) ⇒ Unit) =
-    doAsyncReplayMessages(persistenceId, fromSequenceNr, toSequenceNr, max, new Procedure[PersistentRepr] {
-      def apply(p: PersistentRepr) = replayCallback(p)
+    doAsyncReplayMessages(persistenceId, fromSequenceNr, toSequenceNr, max, new Consumer[PersistentRepr] {
+      def accept(p: PersistentRepr) = replayCallback(p)
     }).map(Unit.unbox)
 
   final def asyncReadHighestSequenceNr(persistenceId: String, fromSequenceNr: Long): Future[Long] =
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/japi/AsyncWriteJournal.scala b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/japi/AsyncWriteJournal.scala
index a533b3868f..a6ac24f8c7 100644
--- a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/japi/AsyncWriteJournal.scala
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/japi/AsyncWriteJournal.scala
@@ -6,18 +6,27 @@ package akka.persistence.journal.japi
 
 import scala.collection.immutable
 import scala.collection.JavaConverters._
-
 import akka.persistence._
 import akka.persistence.journal.{ AsyncWriteJournal ⇒ SAsyncWriteJournal }
+import scala.concurrent.Future
+import scala.util.Try
+import scala.util.Success
+import scala.util.Failure
 
 /**
  * Java API: abstract journal, optimized for asynchronous, non-blocking writes.
  */
 abstract class AsyncWriteJournal extends AsyncRecovery with SAsyncWriteJournal with AsyncWritePlugin {
+  import SAsyncWriteJournal.successUnit
   import context.dispatcher
 
-  final def asyncWriteMessages(messages: immutable.Seq[PersistentRepr]) =
-    doAsyncWriteMessages(messages.asJava).map(Unit.unbox)
+  final def asyncWriteMessages(messages: immutable.Seq[AtomicWrite]): Future[immutable.Seq[Try[Unit]]] =
+    doAsyncWriteMessages(messages.asJava).map { results ⇒
+      results.asScala.map { r ⇒
+        if (r.isPresent) Failure(r.get)
+        else successUnit
+      }(collection.breakOut)
+    }
 
   final def asyncDeleteMessagesTo(persistenceId: String, toSequenceNr: Long, permanent: Boolean) =
     doAsyncDeleteMessagesTo(persistenceId, toSequenceNr, permanent).map(Unit.unbox)
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/japi/SyncWriteJournal.scala b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/japi/SyncWriteJournal.scala
index eb774e5b0d..04e89232ca 100644
--- a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/japi/SyncWriteJournal.scala
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/japi/SyncWriteJournal.scala
@@ -6,9 +6,10 @@ package akka.persistence.journal.japi
 
 import scala.collection.immutable
 import scala.collection.JavaConverters._
-
 import akka.persistence._
 import akka.persistence.journal.{ SyncWriteJournal ⇒ SSyncWriteJournal }
+import scala.util.Try
+import scala.util.Failure
 
 import scala.concurrent.{ Await, Future }
 import scala.concurrent.duration._
@@ -17,8 +18,13 @@ import scala.concurrent.duration._
  * Java API: abstract journal, optimized for synchronous writes.
  */
 abstract class SyncWriteJournal extends AsyncRecovery with SSyncWriteJournal with SyncWritePlugin {
-  final def writeMessages(messages: immutable.Seq[PersistentRepr]): Unit =
-    doWriteMessages(messages.asJava)
+  import SSyncWriteJournal.successUnit
+
+  final def writeMessages(messages: immutable.Seq[AtomicWrite]): immutable.Seq[Try[Unit]] =
+    doWriteMessages(messages.asJava).asScala.map { o ⇒
+      if (o.isPresent) Failure(o.get)
+      else successUnit
+    }(collection.breakOut)
 
   final def deleteMessagesTo(persistenceId: String, toSequenceNr: Long, permanent: Boolean): Unit =
     doDeleteMessagesTo(persistenceId, toSequenceNr, permanent)
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/leveldb/LeveldbStore.scala b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/leveldb/LeveldbStore.scala
index 828b8f4053..0b934e11a1 100644
--- a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/leveldb/LeveldbStore.scala
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/journal/leveldb/LeveldbStore.scala
@@ -39,8 +39,10 @@ private[persistence] trait LeveldbStore extends Actor with WriteJournalBase with
 
   import Key._
 
-  def writeMessages(messages: immutable.Seq[PersistentRepr]) =
-    withBatch(batch ⇒ messages.foreach(message ⇒ addToMessageBatch(message, batch)))
+  def writeMessages(messages: immutable.Seq[AtomicWrite]): immutable.Seq[Try[Unit]] =
+    withBatch(batch ⇒ messages.map { a ⇒
+      Try(a.payload.foreach(message ⇒ addToMessageBatch(message, batch)))
+    })
 
   def deleteMessagesTo(persistenceId: String, toSequenceNr: Long, permanent: Boolean) = withBatch { batch ⇒
     val nid = numericId(persistenceId)
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/serialization/MessageSerializer.scala b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/serialization/MessageSerializer.scala
index cb0d86427a..bbbf9d9cb2 100644
--- a/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/serialization/MessageSerializer.scala
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/main/scala/akka/persistence/serialization/MessageSerializer.scala
@@ -5,13 +5,12 @@
 package akka.persistence.serialization
 
 import akka.actor.{ ActorPath, ExtendedActorSystem }
-import akka.persistence.AtLeastOnceDelivery.{ AtLeastOnceDeliverySnapshot ⇒ AtLeastOnceDeliverySnap, UnconfirmedDelivery }
+import akka.persistence.AtLeastOnceDelivery._
 import akka.persistence._
 import akka.persistence.fsm.PersistentFsmActor.StateChangeEvent
-import akka.persistence.serialization.MessageFormats._
+import akka.persistence.serialization.{ MessageFormats ⇒ mf }
 import akka.serialization._
 import com.google.protobuf._
-
 import scala.collection.immutable.VectorBuilder
 import scala.concurrent.duration
 import akka.actor.Actor
@@ -29,9 +28,10 @@ trait Message extends Serializable
 class MessageSerializer(val system: ExtendedActorSystem) extends BaseSerializer {
   import PersistentRepr.Undefined
 
+  val AtomicWriteClass = classOf[AtomicWrite]
   val PersistentReprClass = classOf[PersistentRepr]
   val PersistentImplClass = classOf[PersistentImpl]
-  val AtLeastOnceDeliverySnapshotClass = classOf[AtLeastOnceDeliverySnap]
+  val AtLeastOnceDeliverySnapshotClass = classOf[AtLeastOnceDeliverySnapshot]
   val PersistentStateChangeEventClass = classOf[StateChangeEvent]
 
   private lazy val serialization = SerializationExtension(system)
@@ -49,10 +49,11 @@ class MessageSerializer(val system: ExtendedActorSystem) extends BaseSerializer
    * message's payload to a matching `akka.serialization.Serializer`.
    */
   def toBinary(o: AnyRef): Array[Byte] = o match {
-    case p: PersistentRepr          ⇒ persistentMessageBuilder(p).build().toByteArray
-    case a: AtLeastOnceDeliverySnap ⇒ atLeastOnceDeliverySnapshotBuilder(a).build.toByteArray
-    case s: StateChangeEvent        ⇒ stateChangeBuilder(s).build.toByteArray
-    case _                          ⇒ throw new IllegalArgumentException(s"Can't serialize object of type ${o.getClass}")
+    case p: PersistentRepr              ⇒ persistentMessageBuilder(p).build().toByteArray
+    case a: AtomicWrite                 ⇒ atomicWriteBuilder(a).build().toByteArray
+    case a: AtLeastOnceDeliverySnapshot ⇒ atLeastOnceDeliverySnapshotBuilder(a).build.toByteArray
+    case s: StateChangeEvent            ⇒ stateChangeBuilder(s).build.toByteArray
+    case _                              ⇒ throw new IllegalArgumentException(s"Can't serialize object of type ${o.getClass}")
   }
 
   /**
@@ -60,12 +61,13 @@ class MessageSerializer(val system: ExtendedActorSystem) extends BaseSerializer
    * message's payload to a matching `akka.serialization.Serializer`.
    */
   def fromBinary(bytes: Array[Byte], manifest: Option[Class[_]]): Message = manifest match {
-    case None ⇒ persistent(PersistentMessage.parseFrom(bytes))
+    case None ⇒ persistent(mf.PersistentMessage.parseFrom(bytes))
     case Some(c) ⇒ c match {
-      case PersistentImplClass              ⇒ persistent(PersistentMessage.parseFrom(bytes))
-      case PersistentReprClass              ⇒ persistent(PersistentMessage.parseFrom(bytes))
-      case AtLeastOnceDeliverySnapshotClass ⇒ atLeastOnceDeliverySnapshot(AtLeastOnceDeliverySnapshot.parseFrom(bytes))
-      case PersistentStateChangeEventClass  ⇒ stateChange(PersistentStateChangeEvent.parseFrom(bytes))
+      case PersistentImplClass              ⇒ persistent(mf.PersistentMessage.parseFrom(bytes))
+      case PersistentReprClass              ⇒ persistent(mf.PersistentMessage.parseFrom(bytes))
+      case AtomicWriteClass                 ⇒ atomicWrite(mf.AtomicWrite.parseFrom(bytes))
+      case AtLeastOnceDeliverySnapshotClass ⇒ atLeastOnceDeliverySnapshot(mf.AtLeastOnceDeliverySnapshot.parseFrom(bytes))
+      case PersistentStateChangeEventClass  ⇒ stateChange(mf.PersistentStateChangeEvent.parseFrom(bytes))
       case _                                ⇒ throw new IllegalArgumentException(s"Can't deserialize object of type ${c}")
     }
   }
@@ -74,12 +76,12 @@ class MessageSerializer(val system: ExtendedActorSystem) extends BaseSerializer
   // toBinary helpers
   //
 
-  def atLeastOnceDeliverySnapshotBuilder(snap: AtLeastOnceDeliverySnap): AtLeastOnceDeliverySnapshot.Builder = {
-    val builder = AtLeastOnceDeliverySnapshot.newBuilder
+  def atLeastOnceDeliverySnapshotBuilder(snap: AtLeastOnceDeliverySnapshot): mf.AtLeastOnceDeliverySnapshot.Builder = {
+    val builder = mf.AtLeastOnceDeliverySnapshot.newBuilder
     builder.setCurrentDeliveryId(snap.currentDeliveryId)
     snap.unconfirmedDeliveries.foreach { unconfirmed ⇒
       val unconfirmedBuilder =
-        AtLeastOnceDeliverySnapshot.UnconfirmedDelivery.newBuilder.
+        mf.AtLeastOnceDeliverySnapshot.UnconfirmedDelivery.newBuilder.
           setDeliveryId(unconfirmed.deliveryId).
           setDestination(unconfirmed.destination.toString).
           setPayload(persistentPayloadBuilder(unconfirmed.message.asInstanceOf[AnyRef]))
@@ -88,15 +90,15 @@ class MessageSerializer(val system: ExtendedActorSystem) extends BaseSerializer
     builder
   }
 
-  def stateChangeBuilder(stateChange: StateChangeEvent): PersistentStateChangeEvent.Builder = {
-    val builder = PersistentStateChangeEvent.newBuilder.setStateIdentifier(stateChange.stateIdentifier)
+  private[persistence] def stateChangeBuilder(stateChange: StateChangeEvent): mf.PersistentStateChangeEvent.Builder = {
+    val builder = mf.PersistentStateChangeEvent.newBuilder.setStateIdentifier(stateChange.stateIdentifier)
     stateChange.timeout match {
       case None          ⇒ builder
       case Some(timeout) ⇒ builder.setTimeout(timeout.toString())
     }
   }
 
-  def atLeastOnceDeliverySnapshot(atLeastOnceDeliverySnapshot: AtLeastOnceDeliverySnapshot): AtLeastOnceDeliverySnap = {
+  def atLeastOnceDeliverySnapshot(atLeastOnceDeliverySnapshot: mf.AtLeastOnceDeliverySnapshot): AtLeastOnceDeliverySnapshot = {
     import scala.collection.JavaConverters._
     val unconfirmedDeliveries = new VectorBuilder[UnconfirmedDelivery]()
     atLeastOnceDeliverySnapshot.getUnconfirmedDeliveriesList().iterator().asScala foreach { next ⇒
@@ -104,19 +106,27 @@ class MessageSerializer(val system: ExtendedActorSystem) extends BaseSerializer
         payload(next.getPayload))
     }
 
-    AtLeastOnceDeliverySnap(
+    AtLeastOnceDeliverySnapshot(
       atLeastOnceDeliverySnapshot.getCurrentDeliveryId,
       unconfirmedDeliveries.result())
   }
 
-  def stateChange(persistentStateChange: PersistentStateChangeEvent): StateChangeEvent = {
+  def stateChange(persistentStateChange: mf.PersistentStateChangeEvent): StateChangeEvent = {
     StateChangeEvent(
       persistentStateChange.getStateIdentifier,
       if (persistentStateChange.hasTimeout) Some(Duration(persistentStateChange.getTimeout).asInstanceOf[duration.FiniteDuration]) else None)
   }
 
+  private def atomicWriteBuilder(a: AtomicWrite) = {
+    val builder = mf.AtomicWrite.newBuilder
+    a.payload.foreach { p ⇒
+      builder.addPayload(persistentMessageBuilder(p))
+    }
+    builder
+  }
+
   private def persistentMessageBuilder(persistent: PersistentRepr) = {
-    val builder = PersistentMessage.newBuilder
+    val builder = mf.PersistentMessage.newBuilder
 
     if (persistent.persistenceId != Undefined) builder.setPersistenceId(persistent.persistenceId)
     if (persistent.sender != Actor.noSender) builder.setSender(Serialization.serializedActorPath(persistent.sender))
@@ -130,7 +140,7 @@ class MessageSerializer(val system: ExtendedActorSystem) extends BaseSerializer
   private def persistentPayloadBuilder(payload: AnyRef) = {
     def payloadBuilder() = {
       val serializer = serialization.findSerializerFor(payload)
-      val builder = PersistentPayload.newBuilder()
+      val builder = mf.PersistentPayload.newBuilder()
 
       serializer match {
         case ser2: SerializerWithStringManifest ⇒
@@ -158,7 +168,7 @@ class MessageSerializer(val system: ExtendedActorSystem) extends BaseSerializer
   // fromBinary helpers
   //
 
-  private def persistent(persistentMessage: PersistentMessage): PersistentRepr = {
+  private def persistent(persistentMessage: mf.PersistentMessage): PersistentRepr = {
     PersistentRepr(
       payload(persistentMessage.getPayload),
       persistentMessage.getSequenceNr,
@@ -168,7 +178,12 @@ class MessageSerializer(val system: ExtendedActorSystem) extends BaseSerializer
       if (persistentMessage.hasSender) system.provider.resolveActorRef(persistentMessage.getSender) else Actor.noSender)
   }
 
-  private def payload(persistentPayload: PersistentPayload): Any = {
+  private def atomicWrite(atomicWrite: mf.AtomicWrite): AtomicWrite = {
+    import scala.collection.JavaConverters._
+    AtomicWrite(atomicWrite.getPayloadList.asScala.map(persistent)(collection.breakOut))
+  }
+
+  private def payload(persistentPayload: mf.PersistentPayload): Any = {
     val manifest = if (persistentPayload.hasPayloadManifest)
       persistentPayload.getPayloadManifest.toStringUtf8 else ""
 
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/test/scala/akka/persistence/PersistentActorFailureSpec.scala b/akka-persistence/src/test/scala/akka/persistence/PersistentActorFailureSpec.scala
index f59f86b996..7acaf56876 100644
--- a/akka-persistence/src/test/scala/akka/persistence/PersistentActorFailureSpec.scala
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/test/scala/akka/persistence/PersistentActorFailureSpec.scala
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 package akka.persistence
 
+import scala.collection.immutable
 import akka.actor.{ OneForOneStrategy, _ }
 import akka.persistence.journal.AsyncWriteProxy
 import akka.persistence.journal.AsyncWriteTarget.{ ReplayFailure, ReplayMessages, ReplaySuccess, WriteMessages }
@@ -14,11 +15,15 @@ import akka.util.Timeout
 import scala.concurrent.duration._
 import scala.language.postfixOps
 import scala.util.control.NoStackTrace
+import scala.util.Try
+import akka.persistence.journal.AsyncWriteJournal
+import scala.util.Failure
 
 object PersistentActorFailureSpec {
   import PersistentActorSpec.{ Cmd, Evt, ExamplePersistentActor }
 
   class SimulatedException(msg: String) extends RuntimeException(msg) with NoStackTrace
+  class SimulatedSerializationException(msg: String) extends RuntimeException(msg) with NoStackTrace
 
   class FailingInmemJournal extends AsyncWriteProxy {
     import AsyncWriteProxy.SetStore
@@ -36,6 +41,8 @@ object PersistentActorFailureSpec {
     def failingReceive: Receive = {
       case w: WriteMessages if isWrong(w) ⇒
         throw new SimulatedException("Simulated Store failure")
+      case w: WriteMessages if checkSerializable(w).exists(_.isFailure) ⇒
+        sender() ! checkSerializable(w)
       case ReplayMessages(pid, fromSnr, toSnr, max) ⇒
         val readFromStore = read(pid, fromSnr, toSnr, max)
         if (readFromStore.length == 0)
@@ -50,8 +57,20 @@ object PersistentActorFailureSpec {
 
     def isWrong(w: WriteMessages): Boolean =
       w.messages.exists {
-        case PersistentRepr(Evt(s: String), _) ⇒ s.contains("wrong")
-        case x                                 ⇒ false
+        case a: AtomicWrite ⇒
+          a.payload.exists { case PersistentRepr(Evt(s: String), _) ⇒ s.contains("wrong") }
+        case _ ⇒ false
+      }
+
+    def checkSerializable(w: WriteMessages): immutable.Seq[Try[Unit]] =
+      w.messages.collect {
+        case a: AtomicWrite ⇒
+          (a.payload.collectFirst {
+            case PersistentRepr(Evt(s: String), _) if s.contains("not serializable") ⇒ s
+          }) match {
+            case Some(s) ⇒ Failure(new SimulatedSerializationException(s))
+            case None    ⇒ AsyncWriteJournal.successUnit
+          }
       }
 
     def isCorrupt(events: Seq[PersistentRepr]): Boolean =
@@ -169,6 +188,17 @@ class PersistentActorFailureSpec extends PersistenceSpec(PersistenceSpec.config(
       expectMsg("wrong") // reply before persistAsync
       expectTerminated(persistentActor)
     }
+    "call onPersistRejected and continue if persist rejected" in {
+      system.actorOf(Props(classOf[Supervisor], testActor)) ! Props(classOf[Behavior1PersistentActor], name)
+      val persistentActor = expectMsgType[ActorRef]
+      persistentActor ! Cmd("not serializable")
+      expectMsg("Rejected: not serializable-1")
+      expectMsg("Rejected: not serializable-2")
+
+      persistentActor ! Cmd("a")
+      persistentActor ! GetState
+      expectMsg(List("a-1", "a-2"))
+    }
     "stop if receiveRecover fails" in {
       prepareFailingRecovery()
 
@@ -179,6 +209,57 @@ class PersistentActorFailureSpec extends PersistenceSpec(PersistenceSpec.config(
       expectTerminated(ref)
     }
 
+    "support resume when persist followed by exception" in {
+      system.actorOf(Props(classOf[ResumingSupervisor], testActor)) ! Props(classOf[ThrowingActor1], name)
+      val persistentActor = expectMsgType[ActorRef]
+      persistentActor ! Cmd("a")
+      persistentActor ! Cmd("err")
+      persistentActor ! Cmd("b")
+      expectMsgType[SimulatedException] // from supervisor
+      persistentActor ! Cmd("c")
+      persistentActor ! GetState
+      expectMsg(List("a", "err", "b", "c"))
+    }
+
+    "support restart when persist followed by exception" in {
+      system.actorOf(Props(classOf[Supervisor], testActor)) ! Props(classOf[ThrowingActor1], name)
+      val persistentActor = expectMsgType[ActorRef]
+      persistentActor ! Cmd("a")
+      persistentActor ! Cmd("err")
+      persistentActor ! Cmd("b")
+      expectMsgType[SimulatedException] // from supervisor
+      persistentActor ! Cmd("c")
+      persistentActor ! GetState
+      expectMsg(List("a", "err", "b", "c"))
+    }
+
+    "support resume when persist handler throws exception" in {
+      system.actorOf(Props(classOf[ResumingSupervisor], testActor)) ! Props(classOf[ThrowingActor2], name)
+      val persistentActor = expectMsgType[ActorRef]
+      persistentActor ! Cmd("a")
+      persistentActor ! Cmd("b")
+      persistentActor ! Cmd("err")
+      persistentActor ! Cmd("c")
+      expectMsgType[SimulatedException] // from supervisor
+      persistentActor ! Cmd("d")
+      persistentActor ! GetState
+      expectMsg(List("a", "b", "c", "d"))
+    }
+
+    "support restart when persist handler throws exception" in {
+      system.actorOf(Props(classOf[Supervisor], testActor)) ! Props(classOf[ThrowingActor2], name)
+      val persistentActor = expectMsgType[ActorRef]
+      persistentActor ! Cmd("a")
+      persistentActor ! Cmd("b")
+      persistentActor ! Cmd("err")
+      persistentActor ! Cmd("c")
+      expectMsgType[SimulatedException] // from supervisor
+      persistentActor ! Cmd("d")
+      persistentActor ! GetState
+      // err was stored, and was be replayed
+      expectMsg(List("a", "b", "err", "c", "d"))
+    }
+
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/test/scala/akka/persistence/PersistentActorSpec.scala b/akka-persistence/src/test/scala/akka/persistence/PersistentActorSpec.scala
index 7d2a48ef89..945591afa7 100644
--- a/akka-persistence/src/test/scala/akka/persistence/PersistentActorSpec.scala
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/test/scala/akka/persistence/PersistentActorSpec.scala
@@ -41,6 +41,12 @@ object PersistentActorSpec {
       case Cmd(data) ⇒
         persistAll(Seq(Evt(s"${data}-1"), Evt(s"${data}-2")))(updateState)
     }
+
+    override protected def onPersistRejected(cause: Throwable, event: Any, seqNr: Long): Unit =
+      event match {
+        case Evt(data) ⇒ sender() ! s"Rejected: $data"
+        case _         ⇒ super.onPersistRejected(cause, event, seqNr)
+      }
   }
 
   class Behavior2PersistentActor(name: String) extends ExamplePersistentActor(name) {
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/test/scala/akka/persistence/journal/chaos/ChaosJournal.scala b/akka-persistence/src/test/scala/akka/persistence/journal/chaos/ChaosJournal.scala
index 1c39401149..915c633775 100644
--- a/akka-persistence/src/test/scala/akka/persistence/journal/chaos/ChaosJournal.scala
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/test/scala/akka/persistence/journal/chaos/ChaosJournal.scala
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ package akka.persistence.journal.chaos
 import scala.collection.immutable
 import scala.concurrent.Future
 import scala.concurrent.forkjoin.ThreadLocalRandom
-
 import akka.persistence._
 import akka.persistence.journal.SyncWriteJournal
 import akka.persistence.journal.inmem.InmemMessages
+import scala.util.Try
 
 class WriteFailedException(ps: Seq[PersistentRepr])
   extends TestException(s"write failed for payloads = [${ps.map(_.payload)}]")
@@ -38,9 +38,13 @@ class ChaosJournal extends SyncWriteJournal {
 
   def random = ThreadLocalRandom.current
 
-  def writeMessages(messages: immutable.Seq[PersistentRepr]): Unit =
-    if (shouldFail(writeFailureRate)) throw new WriteFailedException(messages)
-    else messages.foreach(add)
+  def writeMessages(messages: immutable.Seq[AtomicWrite]): immutable.Seq[Try[Unit]] =
+    if (shouldFail(writeFailureRate)) throw new WriteFailedException(messages.flatMap(_.payload))
+    else
+      for (a ← messages) yield {
+        a.payload.foreach(add)
+        SyncWriteJournal.successUnit
+      }
 
   def deleteMessagesTo(persistenceId: String, toSequenceNr: Long, permanent: Boolean): Unit = {
     (1L to toSequenceNr).foreach { snr ⇒
diff --git a/akka-persistence/src/test/scala/akka/persistence/serialization/SerializerSpec.scala b/akka-persistence/src/test/scala/akka/persistence/serialization/SerializerSpec.scala
index e47a1c36f6..009a16005c 100644
--- a/akka-persistence/src/test/scala/akka/persistence/serialization/SerializerSpec.scala
+++ b/akka-persistence/src/test/scala/akka/persistence/serialization/SerializerSpec.scala
@@ -283,6 +283,10 @@ object MessageSerializerRemotingSpec {
   class RemoteActor extends Actor {
     def receive = {
       case p @ PersistentRepr(MyPayload(data), _) ⇒ p.sender ! s"p${data}"
+      case a: AtomicWrite ⇒
+        a.payload.foreach {
+          case p @ PersistentRepr(MyPayload(data), _) ⇒ p.sender ! s"p${data}"
+        }
     }
   }
 
@@ -308,13 +312,21 @@ class MessageSerializerRemotingSpec extends AkkaSpec(remote.withFallback(customS
   }
 
   "A message serializer" must {
-    "custom-serialize Persistent messages during remoting" in {
+    "custom-serialize PersistentRepr messages during remoting" in {
       // this also verifies serialization of PersistentRepr.sender,
       // because the RemoteActor will reply to the PersistentRepr.sender
       // is kept intact
       localActor ! PersistentRepr(MyPayload("a"), sender = testActor)
       expectMsg("p.a.")
     }
+
+    "custom-serialize AtomicWrite messages during remoting" in {
+      val p1 = PersistentRepr(MyPayload("a"), sender = testActor)
+      val p2 = PersistentRepr(MyPayload("b"), sender = testActor)
+      localActor ! AtomicWrite(List(p1, p2))
+      expectMsg("p.a.")
+      expectMsg("p.b.")
+    }
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/akka-samples/akka-sample-persistence-java-lambda/src/main/java/doc/LambdaPersistencePluginDocTest.java b/akka-samples/akka-sample-persistence-java-lambda/src/main/java/doc/LambdaPersistencePluginDocTest.java
index de5f85de5f..3d8506de38 100644
--- a/akka-samples/akka-sample-persistence-java-lambda/src/main/java/doc/LambdaPersistencePluginDocTest.java
+++ b/akka-samples/akka-sample-persistence-java-lambda/src/main/java/doc/LambdaPersistencePluginDocTest.java
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import akka.persistence.journal.leveldb.SharedLeveldbJournal;
 import akka.persistence.journal.leveldb.SharedLeveldbStore;
 import akka.japi.pf.ReceiveBuilder;
 import scala.concurrent.Future;
-import akka.japi.Procedure;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
 import java.util.Optional;
 
 
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ public class LambdaPersistencePluginDocTest {
 
   class MyAsyncJournal extends AsyncWriteJournal {
     @Override
-    public Future<Void> doAsyncWriteMessages(Iterable<PersistentRepr> messages) {
+    public Future<Iterable<Optional<Exception>>> doAsyncWriteMessages(Iterable<AtomicWrite> messages) {
       return null;
     }
 
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ public class LambdaPersistencePluginDocTest {
     public Future<Void> doAsyncReplayMessages(String persistenceId, long fromSequenceNr,
                                               long toSequenceNr,
                                               long max,
-                                              Procedure<PersistentRepr> replayCallback) {
+                                              Consumer<PersistentRepr> replayCallback) {
       return null;
     }