Merge pull request #1336 from akka/wip-3081-PropsClosures-∂π

deprecate closure-taking Props factories, see #3081

akka-actor-tests/src/test/scala/akka/actor/dispatch/ActorModelSpec.scala

@@ -408,34 +408,38 @@ abstract class ActorModelSpec(config: String) extends AkkaSpec(config) with Defa
     }
 
     "continue to process messages when a thread gets interrupted and throws an exception" in {
-      filterEvents(EventFilter[InterruptedException](), EventFilter[akka.event.Logging.LoggerException]()) {
+      filterEvents(
-        implicit val dispatcher = interceptedDispatcher()
+        EventFilter[InterruptedException](),
-        val a = newTestActor(dispatcher.id)
+        EventFilter[ActorInterruptedException](),
-        val f1 = a ? Reply("foo")
+        EventFilter[akka.event.Logging.LoggerException]()) {
-        val f2 = a ? Reply("bar")
+          implicit val dispatcher = interceptedDispatcher()
-        val f3 = a ? Interrupt
+          val a = newTestActor(dispatcher.id)
-        Thread.interrupted() // CallingThreadDispatcher may necessitate this
+          val f1 = a ? Reply("foo")
-        val f4 = a ? Reply("foo2")
+          val f2 = a ? Reply("bar")
-        val f5 = a ? Interrupt
+          val f3 = a ? Interrupt
-        Thread.interrupted() // CallingThreadDispatcher may necessitate this
+          Thread.interrupted() // CallingThreadDispatcher may necessitate this
-        val f6 = a ? Reply("bar2")
+          val f4 = a ? Reply("foo2")
+          val f5 = a ? Interrupt
+          Thread.interrupted() // CallingThreadDispatcher may necessitate this
+          val f6 = a ? Reply("bar2")
 
-        val c = system.scheduler.scheduleOnce(2.seconds) {
+          val c = system.scheduler.scheduleOnce(2.seconds) {
-          import collection.JavaConverters._
+            import collection.JavaConverters._
-          Thread.getAllStackTraces().asScala foreach {
+            Thread.getAllStackTraces().asScala foreach {
-            case (thread, stack) ⇒
+              case (thread, stack) ⇒
-              println(s"$thread:")
+                println(s"$thread:")
-              stack foreach (s ⇒ println(s"\t$s"))
+                stack foreach (s ⇒ println(s"\t$s"))
+            }
           }
+          assert(Await.result(f1, remaining) === "foo")
+          assert(Await.result(f2, remaining) === "bar")
+          assert(Await.result(f4, remaining) === "foo2")
+          assert(intercept[ActorInterruptedException](Await.result(f3, remaining)).getCause.getMessage === "Ping!")
+          assert(Await.result(f6, remaining) === "bar2")
+          assert(intercept[ActorInterruptedException](Await.result(f5, remaining)).getCause.getMessage === "Ping!")
+          c.cancel()
+          Thread.sleep(300) // give the EventFilters a chance of catching all messages
         }
-        assert(Await.result(f1, remaining) === "foo")
-        assert(Await.result(f2, remaining) === "bar")
-        assert(Await.result(f4, remaining) === "foo2")
-        assert(intercept[ActorInterruptedException](Await.result(f3, remaining)).getCause.getMessage === "Ping!")
-        assert(Await.result(f6, remaining) === "bar2")
-        assert(intercept[ActorInterruptedException](Await.result(f5, remaining)).getCause.getMessage === "Ping!")
-        c.cancel()
-      }
     }
 
     "continue to process messages without failure when a thread gets interrupted and doesn't throw an exception" in {

akka-actor/src/main/scala/akka/actor/Actor.scala

@@ -338,8 +338,11 @@ object Actor {
   /**
    * Type alias representing a Receive-expression for Akka Actors.
    */
+  //#receive
   type Receive = PartialFunction[Any, Unit]
 
+  //#receive
+
   /**
    * emptyBehavior is a Receive-expression that matches no messages at all, ever.
    */
@@ -463,7 +466,9 @@ trait Actor {
    * This defines the initial actor behavior, it must return a partial function
    * with the actor logic.
    */
-  def receive: Receive
+  //#receive
+  def receive: Actor.Receive
+  //#receive
 
   /**
    * User overridable definition the strategy to use for supervising
@@ -478,8 +483,11 @@ trait Actor {
    * Actors are automatically started asynchronously when created.
    * Empty default implementation.
    */
-  @throws(classOf[Exception])
+  @throws(classOf[Exception]) // when changing this you MUST also change UntypedActorDocTestBase
-  def preStart() {}
+  //#lifecycle-hooks
+  def preStart(): Unit = ()
+
+  //#lifecycle-hooks
 
   /**
    * User overridable callback.
@@ -487,8 +495,11 @@ trait Actor {
    * Is called asynchronously after 'actor.stop()' is invoked.
    * Empty default implementation.
    */
-  @throws(classOf[Exception])
+  @throws(classOf[Exception]) // when changing this you MUST also change UntypedActorDocTestBase
-  def postStop() {}
+  //#lifecycle-hooks
+  def postStop(): Unit = ()
+
+  //#lifecycle-hooks
 
   /**
    * User overridable callback: '''By default it disposes of all children and then calls `postStop()`.'''
@@ -498,8 +509,9 @@ trait Actor {
    * Is called on a crashed Actor right BEFORE it is restarted to allow clean
    * up of resources before Actor is terminated.
    */
-  @throws(classOf[Exception])
+  @throws(classOf[Exception]) // when changing this you MUST also change UntypedActorDocTestBase
-  def preRestart(reason: Throwable, message: Option[Any]) {
+  //#lifecycle-hooks
+  def preRestart(reason: Throwable, message: Option[Any]): Unit = {
     context.children foreach { child ⇒
       context.unwatch(child)
       context.stop(child)
@@ -507,14 +519,20 @@ trait Actor {
     postStop()
   }
 
+  //#lifecycle-hooks
+
   /**
    * User overridable callback: By default it calls `preStart()`.
    * @param reason the Throwable that caused the restart to happen
    * <p/>
    * Is called right AFTER restart on the newly created Actor to allow reinitialization after an Actor crash.
    */
-  @throws(classOf[Exception])
+  @throws(classOf[Exception]) // when changing this you MUST also change UntypedActorDocTestBase
-  def postRestart(reason: Throwable) { preStart() }
+  //#lifecycle-hooks
+  def postRestart(reason: Throwable): Unit = {
+    preStart()
+  }
+  //#lifecycle-hooks
 
   /**
    * User overridable callback.

akka-actor/src/main/scala/akka/actor/ActorCell.scala

@@ -31,18 +31,12 @@ import scala.util.control.NonFatal
  * context.actorOf(props)
  *
  * // Scala
- * context.actorOf(Props[MyActor]("name")
+ * context.actorOf(Props[MyActor])
- * context.actorOf(Props[MyActor]
+ * context.actorOf(Props(classOf[MyActor], arg1, arg2), "name")
- * context.actorOf(Props(new MyActor(...))
  *
  * // Java
- * context.actorOf(classOf[MyActor]);
+ * getContext().actorOf(Props.create(MyActor.class));
- * context.actorOf(Props(new Creator<MyActor>() {
+ * getContext().actorOf(Props.create(MyActor.class, arg1, arg2), "name");
- *   public MyActor create() { ... }
- * });
- * context.actorOf(Props(new Creator<MyActor>() {
- *   public MyActor create() { ... }
- * }, "name");
  * }}}
  *
  * Where no name is given explicitly, one will be automatically generated.
@@ -534,7 +528,7 @@ private[akka] class ActorCell(
     contextStack.set(this :: contextStack.get)
     try {
       behaviorStack = emptyBehaviorStack
-      val instance = props.creator.apply()
+      val instance = props.newActor()
 
       if (instance eq null)
         throw ActorInitializationException(self, "Actor instance passed to actorOf can't be 'null'")

akka-actor/src/main/scala/akka/actor/ActorRef.scala

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ import akka.event.LoggingAdapter
  *
  * public class ExampleActor Extends UntypedActor {
  *   // this child will be destroyed and re-created upon restart by default
- *   final ActorRef other = getContext().actorOf(new Props(OtherActor.class), "childName");
+ *   final ActorRef other = getContext().actorOf(Props.create(OtherActor.class), "childName");
  *
  *   @Override
  *   public void onReceive(Object o) {

akka-actor/src/main/scala/akka/actor/ActorRefProvider.scala

@@ -362,6 +362,73 @@ private[akka] object SystemGuardian {
   case object TerminationHookDone
 }
 
+private[akka] object LocalActorRefProvider {
+
+  /*
+   * Root and user guardian
+   */
+  private class Guardian(override val supervisorStrategy: SupervisorStrategy) extends Actor {
+
+    def receive = {
+      case Terminated(_)    ⇒ context.stop(self)
+      case StopChild(child) ⇒ context.stop(child)
+      case m                ⇒ context.system.deadLetters forward DeadLetter(m, sender, self)
+    }
+
+    // guardian MUST NOT lose its children during restart
+    override def preRestart(cause: Throwable, msg: Option[Any]) {}
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * System guardian
+   */
+  private class SystemGuardian(override val supervisorStrategy: SupervisorStrategy, val guardian: ActorRef) extends Actor {
+    import SystemGuardian._
+
+    var terminationHooks = Set.empty[ActorRef]
+
+    def receive = {
+      case Terminated(`guardian`) ⇒
+        // time for the systemGuardian to stop, but first notify all the
+        // termination hooks, they will reply with TerminationHookDone
+        // and when all are done the systemGuardian is stopped
+        context.become(terminating)
+        terminationHooks foreach { _ ! TerminationHook }
+        stopWhenAllTerminationHooksDone()
+      case Terminated(a) ⇒
+        // a registered, and watched termination hook terminated before
+        // termination process of guardian has started
+        terminationHooks -= a
+      case StopChild(child) ⇒ context.stop(child)
+      case RegisterTerminationHook if sender != context.system.deadLetters ⇒
+        terminationHooks += sender
+        context watch sender
+      case m ⇒ context.system.deadLetters forward DeadLetter(m, sender, self)
+    }
+
+    def terminating: Receive = {
+      case Terminated(a)       ⇒ stopWhenAllTerminationHooksDone(a)
+      case TerminationHookDone ⇒ stopWhenAllTerminationHooksDone(sender)
+      case m                   ⇒ context.system.deadLetters forward DeadLetter(m, sender, self)
+    }
+
+    def stopWhenAllTerminationHooksDone(remove: ActorRef): Unit = {
+      terminationHooks -= remove
+      stopWhenAllTerminationHooksDone()
+    }
+
+    def stopWhenAllTerminationHooksDone(): Unit =
+      if (terminationHooks.isEmpty) {
+        context.system.eventStream.stopDefaultLoggers(context.system)
+        context.stop(self)
+      }
+
+    // guardian MUST NOT lose its children during restart
+    override def preRestart(cause: Throwable, msg: Option[Any]) {}
+  }
+
+}
+
 /**
  * Local ActorRef provider.
  *
@@ -428,82 +495,22 @@ private[akka] class LocalActorRefProvider private[akka] (
     override def !(message: Any)(implicit sender: ActorRef = Actor.noSender): Unit = stopped.ifOff(message match {
       case null        ⇒ throw new InvalidMessageException("Message is null")
       case NullMessage ⇒ // do nothing
-      case _           ⇒ log.error(this + " received unexpected message [" + message + "]")
+      case _           ⇒ log.error(s"$this received unexpected message [$message]")
     })
 
     override def sendSystemMessage(message: SystemMessage): Unit = stopped ifOff {
       message match {
-        case Failed(child, ex, _)      ⇒ { causeOfTermination = Some(ex); child.asInstanceOf[InternalActorRef].stop() }
+        case Failed(child, ex, _) ⇒
-        case _: Supervise              ⇒ // TODO register child in some map to keep track of it and enable shutdown after all dead
+          log.error(ex, s"guardian $child failed, shutting down!")
+          causeOfTermination = Some(ex)
+          child.asInstanceOf[InternalActorRef].stop()
+        case Supervise(_, _)           ⇒ // TODO register child in some map to keep track of it and enable shutdown after all dead
         case _: DeathWatchNotification ⇒ stop()
-        case _                         ⇒ log.error(this + " received unexpected system message [" + message + "]")
+        case _                         ⇒ log.error(s"$this received unexpected system message [$message]")
       }
     }
   }
 
-  /*
-   * Root and user guardian
-   */
-  private class Guardian(override val supervisorStrategy: SupervisorStrategy) extends Actor {
-
-    def receive = {
-      case Terminated(_)    ⇒ context.stop(self)
-      case StopChild(child) ⇒ context.stop(child)
-      case m                ⇒ deadLetters forward DeadLetter(m, sender, self)
-    }
-
-    // guardian MUST NOT lose its children during restart
-    override def preRestart(cause: Throwable, msg: Option[Any]) {}
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * System guardian
-   */
-  private class SystemGuardian(override val supervisorStrategy: SupervisorStrategy) extends Actor {
-    import SystemGuardian._
-
-    var terminationHooks = Set.empty[ActorRef]
-
-    def receive = {
-      case Terminated(`guardian`) ⇒
-        // time for the systemGuardian to stop, but first notify all the
-        // termination hooks, they will reply with TerminationHookDone
-        // and when all are done the systemGuardian is stopped
-        context.become(terminating)
-        terminationHooks foreach { _ ! TerminationHook }
-        stopWhenAllTerminationHooksDone()
-      case Terminated(a) ⇒
-        // a registered, and watched termination hook terminated before
-        // termination process of guardian has started
-        terminationHooks -= a
-      case StopChild(child) ⇒ context.stop(child)
-      case RegisterTerminationHook if sender != context.system.deadLetters ⇒
-        terminationHooks += sender
-        context watch sender
-      case m ⇒ deadLetters forward DeadLetter(m, sender, self)
-    }
-
-    def terminating: Receive = {
-      case Terminated(a)       ⇒ stopWhenAllTerminationHooksDone(a)
-      case TerminationHookDone ⇒ stopWhenAllTerminationHooksDone(sender)
-      case m                   ⇒ deadLetters forward DeadLetter(m, sender, self)
-    }
-
-    def stopWhenAllTerminationHooksDone(remove: ActorRef): Unit = {
-      terminationHooks -= remove
-      stopWhenAllTerminationHooksDone()
-    }
-
-    def stopWhenAllTerminationHooksDone(): Unit =
-      if (terminationHooks.isEmpty) {
-        eventStream.stopDefaultLoggers(system)
-        context.stop(self)
-      }
-
-    // guardian MUST NOT lose its children during restart
-    override def preRestart(cause: Throwable, msg: Option[Any]) {}
-  }
-
   /*
    * The problem is that ActorRefs need a reference to the ActorSystem to
    * provide their service. Hence they cannot be created while the
@@ -552,7 +559,11 @@ private[akka] class LocalActorRefProvider private[akka] (
   protected def systemGuardianStrategy: SupervisorStrategy = SupervisorStrategy.defaultStrategy
 
   override lazy val rootGuardian: LocalActorRef =
-    new LocalActorRef(system, Props(new Guardian(rootGuardianStrategy)), theOneWhoWalksTheBubblesOfSpaceTime, rootPath) {
+    new LocalActorRef(
+      system,
+      Props(classOf[LocalActorRefProvider.Guardian], rootGuardianStrategy),
+      theOneWhoWalksTheBubblesOfSpaceTime,
+      rootPath) {
       override def getParent: InternalActorRef = this
       override def getSingleChild(name: String): InternalActorRef = name match {
         case "temp"        ⇒ tempContainer
@@ -568,7 +579,8 @@ private[akka] class LocalActorRefProvider private[akka] (
   override lazy val guardian: LocalActorRef = {
     val cell = rootGuardian.underlying
     cell.reserveChild("user")
-    val ref = new LocalActorRef(system, Props(new Guardian(guardianStrategy)), rootGuardian, rootPath / "user")
+    val ref = new LocalActorRef(system, Props(classOf[LocalActorRefProvider.Guardian], guardianStrategy),
+      rootGuardian, rootPath / "user")
     cell.initChild(ref)
     ref.start()
     ref
@@ -577,7 +589,9 @@ private[akka] class LocalActorRefProvider private[akka] (
   override lazy val systemGuardian: LocalActorRef = {
     val cell = rootGuardian.underlying
     cell.reserveChild("system")
-    val ref = new LocalActorRef(system, Props(new SystemGuardian(systemGuardianStrategy)), rootGuardian, rootPath / "system")
+    val ref = new LocalActorRef(
+      system, Props(classOf[LocalActorRefProvider.SystemGuardian], systemGuardianStrategy, guardian),
+      rootGuardian, rootPath / "system")
     cell.initChild(ref)
     ref.start()
     ref
@@ -669,7 +683,7 @@ private[akka] class LocalActorRefProvider private[akka] (
 
   def actorOf(system: ActorSystemImpl, props: Props, supervisor: InternalActorRef, path: ActorPath,
               systemService: Boolean, deploy: Option[Deploy], lookupDeploy: Boolean, async: Boolean): InternalActorRef = {
-    props.routerConfig match {
+    props.deploy.routerConfig match {
       case NoRouter ⇒
         if (settings.DebugRouterMisconfiguration) {
           deployer.lookup(path) foreach { d ⇒

akka-actor/src/main/scala/akka/actor/ActorSystem.scala

@@ -217,17 +217,11 @@ object ActorSystem {
  *
  * // Scala
  * system.actorOf(Props[MyActor], "name")
- * system.actorOf(Props[MyActor])
+ * system.actorOf(Props(classOf[MyActor], arg1, arg2), "name")
- * system.actorOf(Props(new MyActor(...)))
  *
  * // Java
- * system.actorOf(MyActor.class);
+ * system.actorOf(Props.create(MyActor.class), "name");
- * system.actorOf(Props(new Creator<MyActor>() {
+ * system.actorOf(Props.create(MyActor.class, arg1, arg2), "name");
- *   public MyActor create() { ... }
- * });
- * system.actorOf(Props(new Creator<MyActor>() {
- *   public MyActor create() { ... }
- * }, "name");
  * }}}
  *
  * Where no name is given explicitly, one will be automatically generated.

akka-actor/src/main/scala/akka/actor/Deployer.scala

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ object Deploy {
  * not needed when just doing deploy-as-you-go:
  *
  * {{{
- * context.actorOf(someProps, "someName", Deploy(scope = RemoteScope("someOtherNodeName")))
+ * val remoteProps = someProps.withDeploy(Deploy(scope = RemoteScope("someOtherNodeName")))
  * }}}
  */
 @SerialVersionUID(1L)
@@ -62,7 +62,12 @@ final case class Deploy(
    */
   def withFallback(other: Deploy): Deploy = {
     val disp = if (dispatcher == Deploy.NoDispatcherGiven) other.dispatcher else dispatcher
-    Deploy(path, config.withFallback(other.config), routerConfig.withFallback(other.routerConfig), scope.withFallback(other.scope), disp)
+    Deploy(
+      path,
+      config.withFallback(other.config),
+      routerConfig.withFallback(other.routerConfig),
+      scope.withFallback(other.scope),
+      disp)
   }
 }
 

akka-actor/src/main/scala/akka/actor/FaultHandling.scala

@@ -115,7 +115,8 @@ object SupervisorStrategy extends SupervisorStrategyLowPriorityImplicits {
 
   /**
    * Escalates the failure to the supervisor of the supervisor,
-   * by rethrowing the cause of the failure.
+   * by rethrowing the cause of the failure, i.e. the supervisor fails with
+   * the same exception as the child.
    */
   case object Escalate extends Directive
 
@@ -132,14 +133,13 @@ object SupervisorStrategy extends SupervisorStrategyLowPriorityImplicits {
 
   /**
    * Java API: Returning this directive stops the Actor
-   * Java API
    */
   def stop = Stop
 
   /**
    * Java API: Returning this directive escalates the failure to the supervisor of the supervisor,
-   * by rethrowing the cause of the failure.
+   * by rethrowing the cause of the failure, i.e. the supervisor fails with
-   * Java API
+   * the same exception as the child.
    */
   def escalate = Escalate
 

akka-actor/src/main/scala/akka/actor/Props.scala

@@ -9,13 +9,16 @@ import akka.japi.Creator
 import scala.reflect.ClassTag
 import akka.routing._
 import akka.util.Reflect
+import scala.annotation.varargs
+import Deploy.NoDispatcherGiven
+import scala.collection.immutable
 
 /**
  * Factory for Props instances.
  *
  * Props is a ActorRef configuration object, that is immutable, so it is thread safe and fully sharable.
  *
- * Used when creating new actors through; <code>ActorSystem.actorOf</code> and <code>ActorContext.actorOf</code>.
+ * Used when creating new actors through <code>ActorSystem.actorOf</code> and <code>ActorContext.actorOf</code>.
  */
 object Props {
 
@@ -34,30 +37,32 @@ object Props {
    */
   final val defaultDeploy = Deploy()
 
-  /**
-   * A Props instance whose creator will create an actor that doesn't respond to any message
-   */
-  final val empty = new Props(() ⇒ new Actor { def receive = Actor.emptyBehavior })
-
   /**
    * The default Props instance, uses the settings from the Props object starting with default*.
    */
   final val default = new Props()
 
+  /**
+   * A Props instance whose creator will create an actor that doesn't respond to any message
+   */
+  final val empty = Props[EmptyActor]
+
+  /**
+   * INTERNAL API
+   *
+   * (Not because it is so immensely complicated, only because we might remove it if no longer needed internally)
+   */
+  private[akka] class EmptyActor extends Actor {
+    def receive = Actor.emptyBehavior
+  }
+
   /**
    * Returns a Props that has default values except for "creator" which will be a function that creates an instance
    * of the supplied type using the default constructor.
    *
    * Scala API.
    */
-  def apply[T <: Actor: ClassTag](): Props =
+  def apply[T <: Actor: ClassTag](): Props = apply(implicitly[ClassTag[T]].runtimeClass)
-    default.withCreator(implicitly[ClassTag[T]].runtimeClass.asInstanceOf[Class[_ <: Actor]])
-
-  /**
-   * Returns a Props that has default values except for "creator" which will be a function that creates an instance
-   * of the supplied class using the default constructor.
-   */
-  def apply(actorClass: Class[_ <: Actor]): Props = default.withCreator(actorClass)
 
   /**
    * Returns a Props that has default values except for "creator" which will be a function that creates an instance
@@ -65,116 +70,242 @@ object Props {
    *
    * Scala API.
    */
+  @deprecated("give class and arguments instead", "2.2")
   def apply(creator: ⇒ Actor): Props = default.withCreator(creator)
 
   /**
    * Returns a Props that has default values except for "creator" which will be a function that creates an instance
    * using the supplied thunk.
    */
+  @deprecated("give class and arguments instead", "2.2")
   def apply(creator: Creator[_ <: Actor]): Props = default.withCreator(creator.create)
+
+  /**
+   * The deprecated legacy constructor.
+   */
+  @deprecated("give class and arguments instead", "2.2")
+  def apply(
+    creator: () ⇒ Actor = Props.defaultCreator,
+    dispatcher: String = Dispatchers.DefaultDispatcherId,
+    routerConfig: RouterConfig = Props.defaultRoutedProps,
+    deploy: Deploy = Props.defaultDeploy): Props = {
+
+    val d1 = if (dispatcher != Dispatchers.DefaultDispatcherId) deploy.copy(dispatcher = dispatcher) else deploy
+    val d2 = if (routerConfig != Props.defaultRoutedProps) d1.copy(routerConfig = routerConfig) else d1
+    val p = Props(classOf[CreatorFunctionConsumer], creator)
+    if (d2 != Props.defaultDeploy) p.withDeploy(d2) else p
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Scala API: create a Props given a class and its constructor arguments.
+   */
+  def apply(clazz: Class[_], args: Any*): Props = apply(defaultDeploy, clazz, args.toVector)
+
+  /**
+   * Java API: create a Props given a class and its constructor arguments.
+   */
+  @varargs
+  def create(clazz: Class[_], args: AnyRef*): Props = apply(defaultDeploy, clazz, args.toVector)
 }
 
 /**
- * Props is a ActorRef configuration object, that is immutable, so it is thread safe and fully sharable.
+ * Props is a configuration object using in creating an [[Actor]]; it is
- * Used when creating new actors through; <code>ActorSystem.actorOf</code> and <code>ActorContext.actorOf</code>.
+ * immutable, so it is thread-safe and fully shareable.
- *
- * In case of providing code which creates the actual Actor instance, that must not return the same instance multiple times.
  *
  * Examples on Scala API:
  * {{{
+ *  val props = Props.empty
  *  val props = Props[MyActor]
- *  val props = Props(new MyActor)
+ *  val props = Props(classOf[MyActor], arg1, arg2)
- *  val props = Props(
+ *
- *    creator = ..,
+ *  val otherProps = props.withDispatcher("dispatcher-id")
- *    dispatcher = ..,
+ *  val otherProps = props.withDeploy(<deployment info>)
- *    routerConfig = ..
- *  )
- *  val props = Props().withCreator(new MyActor)
- *  val props = Props[MyActor].withRouter(RoundRobinRouter(..))
  * }}}
  *
  * Examples on Java API:
  * {{{
- *  Props props = new Props();
+ *  final Props props = Props.empty();
- *  Props props = new Props(MyActor.class);
+ *  final Props props = Props.create(MyActor.class, arg1, arg2);
- *  Props props = new Props(new UntypedActorFactory() {
+ *
- *    public UntypedActor create() {
+ *  final Props otherProps = props.withDispatcher("dispatcher-id");
- *      return new MyActor();
+ *  final Props otherProps = props.withDeploy(<deployment info>);
- *    }
- *  });
- *  Props props = new Props().withCreator(new UntypedActorFactory() { ... });
- *  Props props = new Props(MyActor.class).withRouter(new RoundRobinRouter(..));
  * }}}
  */
-@SerialVersionUID(1L)
+@SerialVersionUID(2L)
-case class Props(
+case class Props(deploy: Deploy, clazz: Class[_], args: immutable.Seq[Any]) {
-  creator: () ⇒ Actor = Props.defaultCreator,
+
-  dispatcher: String = Dispatchers.DefaultDispatcherId,
+  // validate constructor signature; throws IllegalArgumentException if invalid
-  routerConfig: RouterConfig = Props.defaultRoutedProps,
+  Reflect.findConstructor(clazz, args)
-  deploy: Deploy = Props.defaultDeploy) {
 
   /**
    * No-args constructor that sets all the default values.
+   *
+   * @deprecated use `Props.create(clazz, args ...)` instead
    */
-  def this() = this(
+  @deprecated("use Props.create()", "2.2")
-    creator = Props.defaultCreator,
+  def this() = this(Props.defaultDeploy, classOf[CreatorFunctionConsumer], Vector(Props.defaultCreator))
-    dispatcher = Dispatchers.DefaultDispatcherId)
 
   /**
    * Java API: create Props from an [[UntypedActorFactory]]
+   *
+   * @deprecated use `Props.create(clazz, args ...)` instead; this method has been
+   *             deprecated because it encourages creating Props which contain
+   *             non-serializable inner classes, making them also
+   *             non-serializable
    */
-  def this(factory: UntypedActorFactory) = this(
+  @deprecated("use constructor which takes the actor class directly", "2.2")
-    creator = () ⇒ factory.create(),
+  def this(factory: UntypedActorFactory) = this(Props.defaultDeploy, classOf[UntypedActorFactoryConsumer], Vector(factory))
-    dispatcher = Dispatchers.DefaultDispatcherId)
 
   /**
    * Java API: create Props from a given [[Class]]
+   *
+   * @deprecated use Props.create(clazz) instead; deprecated since it duplicates
+   *             another API
    */
-  def this(actorClass: Class[_ <: Actor]) = this(
+  @deprecated("use Props.create()", "2.2")
-    creator = FromClassCreator(actorClass),
+  def this(actorClass: Class[_ <: Actor]) = this(Props.defaultDeploy, actorClass, Vector.empty)
-    dispatcher = Dispatchers.DefaultDispatcherId,
+
-    routerConfig = Props.defaultRoutedProps)
+  @deprecated("use newActor()", "2.2")
+  def creator: () ⇒ Actor = newActor
+
+  /**
+   * Convenience method for extracting the dispatcher information from the
+   * contained [[Deploy]] instance.
+   */
+  def dispatcher: String = deploy.dispatcher match {
+    case NoDispatcherGiven ⇒ Dispatchers.DefaultDispatcherId
+    case x                 ⇒ x
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Convenience method for extracting the router configuration from the
+   * contained [[Deploy]] instance.
+   */
+  def routerConfig: RouterConfig = deploy.routerConfig
 
   /**
    * Scala API: Returns a new Props with the specified creator set.
    *
    * The creator must not return the same instance multiple times.
    */
-  def withCreator(c: ⇒ Actor): Props = copy(creator = () ⇒ c)
+  @deprecated("move actor into named class and use withCreator(clazz)", "2.2")
+  def withCreator(c: ⇒ Actor): Props = copy(clazz = classOf[CreatorFunctionConsumer], args = Vector(() ⇒ c))
 
   /**
    * Java API: Returns a new Props with the specified creator set.
    *
    * The creator must not return the same instance multiple times.
+   *
+   * @deprecated use `Props.create(clazz, args ...)` instead; this method has been
+   *             deprecated because it encourages creating Props which contain
+   *             non-serializable inner classes, making them also
+   *             non-serializable
    */
-  def withCreator(c: Creator[Actor]): Props = copy(creator = () ⇒ c.create)
+  @deprecated("use Props.create(clazz, args ...) instead", "2.2")
+  def withCreator(c: Creator[Actor]): Props = copy(clazz = classOf[CreatorConsumer], args = Vector(c))
 
   /**
-   * Java API: Returns a new Props with the specified creator set.
+   * Returns a new Props with the specified creator set.
+   *
+   * @deprecated use Props.create(clazz) instead; deprecated since it duplicates
+   *             another API
    */
-  def withCreator(c: Class[_ <: Actor]): Props = copy(creator = FromClassCreator(c))
+  @deprecated("use Props(clazz, args).withDeploy(other.deploy)", "2.2")
+  def withCreator(c: Class[_ <: Actor]): Props = copy(clazz = c, args = Vector.empty)
 
   /**
    * Returns a new Props with the specified dispatcher set.
    */
-  def withDispatcher(d: String): Props = copy(dispatcher = d)
+  def withDispatcher(d: String): Props = copy(deploy = deploy.copy(dispatcher = d))
 
   /**
    * Returns a new Props with the specified router config set.
    */
-  def withRouter(r: RouterConfig): Props = copy(routerConfig = r)
+  def withRouter(r: RouterConfig): Props = copy(deploy = deploy.copy(routerConfig = r))
 
   /**
    * Returns a new Props with the specified deployment configuration.
    */
-  def withDeploy(d: Deploy): Props = copy(deploy = d)
+  def withDeploy(d: Deploy): Props = copy(deploy = d withFallback deploy)
 
+  /**
+   * Create a new actor instance. This method is only useful when called during
+   * actor creation by the ActorSystem, i.e. for user-level code it can only be
+   * used within the implementation of [[IndirectActorProducer#produce]].
+   */
+  def newActor(): Actor = {
+    Reflect.instantiate(clazz, args) match {
+      case a: Actor                 ⇒ a
+      case i: IndirectActorProducer ⇒ i.produce()
+      case _                        ⇒ throw new IllegalArgumentException(s"unknown actor creator [$clazz]")
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Obtain an upper-bound approximation of the actor class which is going to
+   * be created by these Props. In other words, the [[#newActor]] method will
+   * produce an instance of this class or a subclass thereof. This is used by
+   * the actor system to select special dispatchers or mailboxes in case
+   * dependencies are encoded in the actor type.
+   */
+  def actorClass(): Class[_ <: Actor] = {
+    if (classOf[IndirectActorProducer].isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
+      Reflect.instantiate(clazz, args).asInstanceOf[IndirectActorProducer].actorClass
+    } else if (classOf[Actor].isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
+      clazz.asInstanceOf[Class[_ <: Actor]]
+    } else {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("unknown actor creator [$clazz]")
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 /**
- * Used when creating an Actor from a class. Special Function0 to be
+ * This interface defines a class of actor creation strategies deviating from
- * able to optimize serialization.
+ * the usual default of just reflectively instantiating the [[Actor]]
+ * subclass. It can be used to allow a dependency injection framework to
+ * determine the actual actor class and how it shall be instantiated.
  */
-private[akka] case class FromClassCreator(clazz: Class[_ <: Actor]) extends Function0[Actor] {
+trait IndirectActorProducer {
-  def apply(): Actor = Reflect.instantiate(clazz)
+
+  /**
+   * This factory method must produce a fresh actor instance upon each
+   * invocation. <b>It is not permitted to return the same instance more than
+   * once.</b>
+   */
+  def produce(): Actor
+
+  /**
+   * This method is used by [[Props]] to determine the type of actor which will
+   * be created. This means that an instance of this `IndirectActorProducer`
+   * will be created in order to call this method during any call to
+   * [[Props#actorClass]]; it should be noted that such calls may
+   * performed during actor set-up before the actual actor’s instantiation, and
+   * that the instance created for calling `actorClass` is not necessarily reused
+   * later to produce the actor.
+   */
+  def actorClass: Class[_ <: Actor]
+}
+
+/**
+ * INTERNAL API
+ */
+private[akka] class UntypedActorFactoryConsumer(factory: UntypedActorFactory) extends IndirectActorProducer {
+  override def actorClass = classOf[Actor]
+  override def produce() = factory.create()
+}
+
+/**
+ * INTERNAL API
+ */
+private[akka] class CreatorFunctionConsumer(creator: () ⇒ Actor) extends IndirectActorProducer {
+  override def actorClass = classOf[Actor]
+  override def produce() = creator()
+}
+
+/**
+ * INTERNAL API
+ */
+private[akka] class CreatorConsumer(creator: Creator[Actor]) extends IndirectActorProducer {
+  override def actorClass = classOf[Actor]
+  override def produce() = creator.create()
 }

akka-actor/src/main/scala/akka/actor/UntypedActor.scala

@@ -71,11 +71,11 @@ import akka.japi.{ Creator }
  *
  *        } else if (msg.equals("ErrorKernelWithDirectReply")) {
  *          // Send work to one-off child which will reply directly to original sender
- *          getContext().actorOf(new Props(Worker.class)).tell("DoSomeDangerousWork", getSender());
+ *          getContext().actorOf(Props.create(Worker.class)).tell("DoSomeDangerousWork", getSender());
  *
  *        } else if (msg.equals("ErrorKernelWithReplyHere")) {
  *          // Send work to one-off child and collect the answer, reply handled further down
- *          getContext().actorOf(new Props(Worker.class)).tell("DoWorkAndReplyToMe");
+ *          getContext().actorOf(Props.create(Worker.class)).tell("DoWorkAndReplyToMe", getSelf());
  *
  *        } else throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown message: " + message);
  *
@@ -166,4 +166,5 @@ abstract class UntypedActor extends Actor {
 /**
  * Factory closure for an UntypedActor, to be used with 'Actors.actorOf(factory)'.
  */
+@deprecated("use Props.create(clazz, args) instead", "2.2")
 trait UntypedActorFactory extends Creator[Actor] with Serializable

akka-actor/src/main/scala/akka/actor/dungeon/Children.scala

@@ -168,9 +168,11 @@ private[akka] trait Children { this: ActorCell ⇒
   }
 
   private def makeChild(cell: ActorCell, props: Props, name: String, async: Boolean, systemService: Boolean): ActorRef = {
-    if (cell.system.settings.SerializeAllCreators && !props.creator.isInstanceOf[NoSerializationVerificationNeeded]) {
+    if (cell.system.settings.SerializeAllCreators) {
       val ser = SerializationExtension(cell.system)
-      ser.deserialize(ser.serialize(props.creator).get, props.creator.getClass).get
+      props.args forall (arg ⇒
+        arg.isInstanceOf[NoSerializationVerificationNeeded] ||
+          ser.deserialize(ser.serialize(arg.asInstanceOf[AnyRef]).get, arg.getClass).get != null)
     }
     /*
      * in case we are currently terminating, fail external attachChild requests

akka-actor/src/main/scala/akka/routing/Routing.scala

@@ -39,11 +39,20 @@ private[akka] class RoutedActorRef(_system: ActorSystemImpl, _props: Props, _sup
 
 }
 
+private[akka] object RoutedActorCell {
+  class RouterCreator(routerConfig: RouterConfig) extends IndirectActorProducer {
+    override def actorClass = classOf[Router]
+    override def produce() = routerConfig.createActor()
+  }
+}
+
 private[akka] class RoutedActorCell(_system: ActorSystemImpl, _ref: InternalActorRef, _props: Props, _supervisor: InternalActorRef)
   extends ActorCell(
     _system,
     _ref,
-    _props.copy(creator = () ⇒ _props.routerConfig.createActor(), dispatcher = _props.routerConfig.routerDispatcher),
+    _props.copy(
+      deploy = _props.deploy.copy(dispatcher = _props.routerConfig.routerDispatcher),
+      classOf[RoutedActorCell.RouterCreator], Vector(_props.routerConfig)),
     _supervisor) {
 
   private[akka] val routerConfig = _props.routerConfig
@@ -59,7 +68,7 @@ private[akka] class RoutedActorCell(_system: ActorSystemImpl, _ref: InternalActo
   def routeeProvider = _routeeProvider
 
   val route = {
-    val routeeProps = _props.copy(routerConfig = NoRouter)
+    val routeeProps = _props.withRouter(NoRouter)
     _routeeProvider = routerConfig.createRouteeProvider(this, routeeProps)
     val r = routerConfig.createRoute(routeeProvider)
     // initial resize, before message send

akka-actor/src/main/scala/akka/util/Reflect.scala

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
  */
 package akka.util
 import scala.util.control.NonFatal
+import java.lang.reflect.Constructor
+import scala.collection.immutable
 
 /**
  * Collection of internal reflection utilities which may or may not be
@@ -43,6 +45,42 @@ private[akka] object Reflect {
       ctor.newInstance()
   }
 
+  /**
+   * INTERNAL API
+   * Calls findConstructor and invokes it with the given arguments.
+   */
+  private[akka] def instantiate[T](clazz: Class[T], args: immutable.Seq[Any]): T = {
+    val constructor = findConstructor(clazz, args)
+    constructor.setAccessible(true)
+    try constructor.newInstance(args.asInstanceOf[Seq[AnyRef]]: _*)
+    catch {
+      case e: IllegalArgumentException ⇒
+        val argString = args map (_.getClass) mkString ("[", ", ", "]")
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(s"constructor $constructor is incompatible with arguments $argString", e)
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * INTERNAL API
+   * Implements a primitive form of overload resolution a.k.a. finding the
+   * right constructor.
+   */
+  private[akka] def findConstructor[T](clazz: Class[T], args: immutable.Seq[Any]): Constructor[T] = {
+    def error(msg: String): Nothing = {
+      val argClasses = args map (_.getClass) mkString ", "
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(s"$msg found on $clazz for arguments [$argClasses]")
+    }
+    val candidates =
+      clazz.getDeclaredConstructors filter (c ⇒
+        c.getParameterTypes.length == args.length &&
+          (c.getParameterTypes zip args forall {
+            case (found, required) ⇒ found.isInstance(required) || BoxedType(found).isInstance(required)
+          }))
+    if (candidates.size == 1) candidates.head.asInstanceOf[Constructor[T]]
+    else if (candidates.size > 1) error("multiple matching constructors")
+    else error("no matching constructor")
+  }
+
   /**
    * INTERNAL API
    * @param clazz the class which to instantiate an instance of

akka-camel/src/test/scala/akka/camel/ConcurrentActivationTest.scala

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ class ConsumerBroadcast(promise: Promise[(Future[List[List[ActorRef]]], Future[L
       }
       promise.success(Future.sequence(allActivationFutures) -> Future.sequence(allDeactivationFutures))
 
-      broadcaster = Some(context.actorOf(Props[Registrar] withRouter (BroadcastRouter(routees)), "registrarRouter"))
+      broadcaster = Some(context.actorOf(Props.empty withRouter (BroadcastRouter(routees)), "registrarRouter"))
     case reg: Any ⇒
       broadcaster.foreach(_.forward(reg))
   }

akka-contrib/src/main/scala/akka/contrib/pattern/ReliableProxy.scala

@@ -74,16 +74,17 @@ import ReliableProxy._
  * situations or other VM errors).
  *
  * You can create a reliable connection like this:
+ *
+ * In Scala:
+ *
  * {{{
- * val proxy = context.actorOf(Props(new ReliableProxy(target)))
+ * val proxy = context.actorOf(Props(classOf[ReliableProxy], target))
  * }}}
- * or in Java:
+ *
+ * In Java:
+ *
  * {{{
- * final ActorRef proxy = getContext().actorOf(new Props(new UntypedActorFactory() {
+ * final ActorRef proxy = getContext().actorOf(Props.create(ReliableProxy.class target));
- *   public Actor create() {
- *     return new ReliableProxy(target);
- *   }
- * }));
  * }}}
  *
  * '''''Please note:''''' the tunnel is uni-directional, and original sender

akka-contrib/src/main/scala/akka/contrib/throttle/TimerBasedThrottler.scala

@@ -160,13 +160,17 @@ object TimerBasedThrottler {
  * sending out further messages:
  * {{{
  *   // A simple actor that prints whatever it receives
- *   val printer = system.actorOf(Props(new Actor {
+ *   class Printer extends Actor {
  *     def receive = {
  *       case x => println(x)
  *     }
- *   }))
+ *   }
+ *
+ *   val printer = system.actorOf(Props[Printer], "printer")
+ *
  *   // The throttler for this example, setting the rate
- *   val throttler = system.actorOf(Props(new TimerBasedThrottler(3 msgsPer (1.second))))
+ *   val throttler = system.actorOf(Props(classOf[TimerBasedThrottler], 3 msgsPer 1.second))
+ *
  *   // Set the target
  *   throttler ! SetTarget(Some(printer))
  *   // These three messages will be sent to the printer immediately

akka-docs/rst/general/supervision.rst

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ a choice of the following four options:
 #. Resume the subordinate, keeping its accumulated internal state
 #. Restart the subordinate, clearing out its accumulated internal state
 #. Terminate the subordinate permanently
-#. Escalate the failure
+#. Escalate the failure, thereby failing itself
 
 It is important to always view an actor as part of a supervision hierarchy,
 which explains the existence of the fourth choice (as a supervisor also is

akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/actor/FSMDocTestBase.java

@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ public class FSMDocTestBase {
 
   @org.junit.Test
   public void mustBunch() {
-    final ActorRef buncher = system.actorOf(new Props(MyFSM.class));
+    final ActorRef buncher = system.actorOf(Props.create(MyFSM.class));
     final TestProbe probe = new TestProbe(system);
     buncher.tell(new SetTarget(probe.ref()), null);
     buncher.tell(new Queue(1), null);

akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/actor/FaultHandlingTestBase.java

@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.SECONDS;
 import static akka.japi.Util.immutableSeq;
 import akka.japi.Function;
 import scala.Option;
-import scala.collection.JavaConverters;
 import scala.collection.immutable.Seq;
 
 import org.junit.Test;
@@ -171,10 +170,10 @@ public class FaultHandlingTestBase {
     system.eventStream().publish(new TestEvent.Mute(ignoreExceptions));
 
     //#create
-    Props superprops = new Props(Supervisor.class);
+    Props superprops = Props.create(Supervisor.class);
     ActorRef supervisor = system.actorOf(superprops, "supervisor");
     ActorRef child = (ActorRef) Await.result(ask(supervisor,
-      new Props(Child.class), 5000), timeout);
+      Props.create(Child.class), 5000), timeout);
     //#create
 
     //#resume
@@ -198,7 +197,7 @@ public class FaultHandlingTestBase {
 
     //#escalate-kill
     child = (ActorRef) Await.result(ask(supervisor,
-      new Props(Child.class), 5000), timeout);
+      Props.create(Child.class), 5000), timeout);
     probe.watch(child);
     assert Await.result(ask(child, "get", 5000), timeout).equals(0);
     child.tell(new Exception(), null);
@@ -206,10 +205,10 @@ public class FaultHandlingTestBase {
     //#escalate-kill
 
     //#escalate-restart
-    superprops = new Props(Supervisor2.class);
+    superprops = Props.create(Supervisor2.class);
     supervisor = system.actorOf(superprops);
     child = (ActorRef) Await.result(ask(supervisor,
-      new Props(Child.class), 5000), timeout);
+      Props.create(Child.class), 5000), timeout);
     child.tell(23, null);
     assert Await.result(ask(child, "get", 5000), timeout).equals(23);
     child.tell(new Exception(), null);
@@ -219,6 +218,7 @@ public class FaultHandlingTestBase {
   }
 
   //#testkit
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
   public <A> Seq<A> seq(A... args) {
     return immutableSeq(args);
   }

akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/actor/FirstUntypedActor.java

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import akka.actor.UntypedActor;
 
 //#context-actorOf
 public class FirstUntypedActor extends UntypedActor {
-  ActorRef myActor = getContext().actorOf(new Props(MyActor.class), "myactor");
+  ActorRef myActor = getContext().actorOf(Props.create(MyActor.class), "myactor");
 
   //#context-actorOf
 

akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/actor/InitializationDocSpecJava.java

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ public class InitializationDocSpecJava {
     public void testIt() {
 
         new JavaTestKit(system) {{
-            ActorRef testactor = system.actorOf(new Props(MessageInitExample.class), "testactor");
+            ActorRef testactor = system.actorOf(Props.create(MessageInitExample.class), "testactor");
             String probe = "U OK?";
 
             testactor.tell(probe, getRef());

akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/actor/MyReceiveTimeoutUntypedActor.java

@@ -4,13 +4,16 @@
 package docs.actor;
 
 //#receive-timeout
+import akka.actor.ActorRef;
 import akka.actor.ReceiveTimeout;
 import akka.actor.UntypedActor;
 import scala.concurrent.duration.Duration;
 
-public class MyReceivedTimeoutUntypedActor extends UntypedActor {
+public class MyReceiveTimeoutUntypedActor extends UntypedActor {
   
-  public MyReceivedTimeoutUntypedActor() {
+  ActorRef target = getContext().system().deadLetters();
+
+  public MyReceiveTimeoutUntypedActor() {
     // To set an initial delay
     getContext().setReceiveTimeout(Duration.create("30 seconds"));
   }
@@ -18,12 +21,13 @@ public class MyReceivedTimeoutUntypedActor extends UntypedActor {
   public void onReceive(Object message) {
     if (message.equals("Hello")) {
       // To set in a response to a message
-      getContext().setReceiveTimeout(Duration.create("10 seconds"));
+      getContext().setReceiveTimeout(Duration.create("1 second"));
-      getSender().tell("Hello world", getSelf());
+      target = getSender();
-    } else if (message == ReceiveTimeout.getInstance()) {
+      target.tell("Hello world", getSelf());
+    } else if (message instanceof ReceiveTimeout) {
       // To turn it off
       getContext().setReceiveTimeout(Duration.Undefined());
-      throw new RuntimeException("received timeout");
+      target.tell("timeout", getSelf());
     } else {
       unhandled(message);
     }

akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/actor/MyUntypedActor.java

@@ -12,9 +12,10 @@ public class MyUntypedActor extends UntypedActor {
   LoggingAdapter log = Logging.getLogger(getContext().system(), this);
 
   public void onReceive(Object message) throws Exception {
-    if (message instanceof String)
+    if (message instanceof String) {
       log.info("Received String message: {}", message);
-    else
+      getSender().tell(message, getSelf());
+    } else
       unhandled(message);
   }
 }

akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/actor/SchedulerDocTestBase.java

@@ -10,9 +10,7 @@ import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 //#imports1
 
 //#imports2
-import akka.actor.Actor;
 import akka.actor.UntypedActor;
-import akka.actor.UntypedActorFactory;
 import akka.actor.Cancellable;
 //#imports2
 
@@ -32,7 +30,7 @@ public class SchedulerDocTestBase {
   @Before
   public void setUp() {
     system = ActorSystem.create("MySystem", AkkaSpec.testConf());
-    testActor = system.actorOf(new Props(MyUntypedActor.class));
+    testActor = system.actorOf(Props.create(MyUntypedActor.class));
   }
 
   @After
@@ -61,20 +59,18 @@ public class SchedulerDocTestBase {
   @Test
   public void scheduleRecurringTask() {
     //#schedule-recurring
-    ActorRef tickActor = system.actorOf(new Props().withCreator(
+    class Ticker extends UntypedActor {
-      new UntypedActorFactory() {
+      @Override
-        public UntypedActor create() {
+      public void onReceive(Object message) {
-          return new UntypedActor() {
+        if (message.equals("Tick")) {
-            public void onReceive(Object message) {
+          // Do someting
-              if (message.equals("Tick")) {
+        } else {
-                // Do someting
+          unhandled(message);
-              } else {
-                unhandled(message);
-              }
-            }
-          };
         }
-      }));
+      }
+    }
+    
+    ActorRef tickActor = system.actorOf(Props.create(Ticker.class, this));
 
     //This will schedule to send the Tick-message
     //to the tickActor after 0ms repeating every 50ms

akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/actor/UntypedActorDocTestBase.java

@@ -3,74 +3,82 @@
  */
 package docs.actor;
 
-//#imports
+//#import-ask
-import akka.actor.ActorRef;
-import akka.actor.ActorSystem;
-import akka.actor.Props;
-//#imports
-
-//#import-future
-import scala.concurrent.Future;
-import akka.dispatch.Futures;
-import akka.dispatch.Mapper;
-import scala.concurrent.Await;
-import scala.concurrent.duration.Duration;
-import akka.testkit.AkkaSpec;
-import akka.util.Timeout;
-//#import-future
-
-//#import-actors
-import akka.actor.PoisonPill;
-import akka.actor.Kill;
-//#import-actors
-
-//#import-procedure
-import akka.japi.Procedure;
-//#import-procedure
-
-//#import-watch
-import akka.actor.Terminated;
-//#import-watch
-
-//#import-identify
-import akka.actor.ActorSelection;
-import akka.actor.Identify;
-import akka.actor.ActorIdentity;
-//#import-identify
-
-//#import-gracefulStop
-import static akka.pattern.Patterns.gracefulStop;
-import scala.concurrent.Future;
-import scala.concurrent.Await;
-import scala.concurrent.duration.Duration;
-import akka.pattern.AskTimeoutException;
-//#import-gracefulStop
-
-//#import-askPipe
 import static akka.pattern.Patterns.ask;
 import static akka.pattern.Patterns.pipe;
-import scala.concurrent.Future;
+//#import-ask
-import akka.dispatch.Futures;
+//#import-gracefulStop
-import scala.concurrent.duration.Duration;
+import static akka.pattern.Patterns.gracefulStop;
-import akka.util.Timeout;
+//#import-gracefulStop
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-//#import-askPipe
 
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import org.junit.AfterClass;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+//#import-gracefulStop
+import scala.concurrent.Await;
+//#import-ask
+import scala.concurrent.Future;
+import scala.concurrent.duration.Duration;
+//#import-ask
+//#import-gracefulStop
+//#import-indirect
+import akka.actor.Actor;
+//#import-indirect
+//#import-identify
+import akka.actor.ActorIdentity;
+//#import-identify
+import akka.actor.ActorKilledException;
+//#import-identify
+import akka.actor.ActorSelection;
+//#import-identify
+//#import-actorRef
+import akka.actor.ActorRef;
+import akka.actor.ActorSystem;
+//#import-actorRef
+//#import-identify
+import akka.actor.Identify;
+//#import-identify
+//#import-indirect
+import akka.actor.IndirectActorProducer;
+//#import-indirect
+import akka.actor.OneForOneStrategy;
+//#import-props
+import akka.actor.Props;
+//#import-props
+import akka.actor.SupervisorStrategy;
+import akka.actor.SupervisorStrategy.Directive;
+//#import-terminated
+import akka.actor.Terminated;
+//#import-terminated
+//#import-untypedActor
+import akka.actor.UntypedActor;
+import akka.actor.UntypedActorFactory;
+//#import-untypedActor
 //#import-stash
 import akka.actor.UntypedActorWithStash;
 //#import-stash
-
+//#import-ask
-import akka.actor.UntypedActor;
+import akka.dispatch.Futures;
-import akka.actor.UntypedActorFactory;
+import akka.dispatch.Mapper;
-
+//#import-ask
-import org.junit.Test;
+import akka.japi.Function;
-import org.junit.AfterClass;
+//#import-procedure
-import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import akka.japi.Procedure;
-import scala.Option;
+//#import-procedure
-import java.lang.Object;
+//#import-gracefulStop
-import java.util.Iterator;
+import akka.pattern.AskTimeoutException;
+//#import-gracefulStop
 import akka.pattern.Patterns;
+import akka.testkit.AkkaSpec;
+import akka.testkit.JavaTestKit;
+//#import-ask
+import akka.util.Timeout;
+//#import-ask
 
 public class UntypedActorDocTestBase {
 
@@ -87,71 +95,148 @@ public class UntypedActorDocTestBase {
     system = null;
   }
 
+  @SuppressWarnings("unused")
   @Test
   public void createProps() {
     //#creating-props-config
-    Props props1 = new Props();
+    Props props1 = Props.create(MyUntypedActor.class);
-    Props props2 = new Props(MyUntypedActor.class);
+    Props props2 = Props.create(MyActor.class, "...");
-    Props props3 = new Props(new UntypedActorFactory() {
-      public UntypedActor create() {
-        return new MyUntypedActor();
-      }
-    });
-    Props props4 = props1.withCreator(new UntypedActorFactory() {
-      public UntypedActor create() {
-        return new MyUntypedActor();
-      }
-    });
     //#creating-props-config
   }
 
+  @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
+  @Test
+  public void createPropsDeprecated() {
+    //#creating-props-deprecated
+    // DEPRECATED: encourages to close over enclosing class
+    final Props props1 = new Props(new UntypedActorFactory() {
+      private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+      @Override
+      public UntypedActor create() throws Exception {
+        return new MyUntypedActor();
+      }
+    });
+
+    // DEPRECATED: encourages to close over enclosing class
+    final Props props2 = new Props().withCreator(new UntypedActorFactory() {
+      private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+      @Override
+      public UntypedActor create() throws Exception {
+        return new MyUntypedActor();
+      }
+    });
+
+    // these are DEPRECATED due to duplicate functionality with Props.create()
+    final Props props3 = new Props(MyUntypedActor.class);
+    final Props props4 = new Props().withCreator(MyUntypedActor.class);
+    //#creating-props-deprecated
+    new JavaTestKit(system) {
+      {
+        for (Props props : new Props[] { props1, props2, props3, props4 }) {
+          final ActorRef a = system.actorOf(props);
+          a.tell("hello", getRef());
+          expectMsgEquals("hello");
+        }
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
   @Test
   public void systemActorOf() {
     //#system-actorOf
-    ActorSystem system = ActorSystem.create("MySystem");
+    // ActorSystem is a heavy object: create only one per application
-    ActorRef myActor = system.actorOf(new Props(MyUntypedActor.class), "myactor");
+    final ActorSystem system = ActorSystem.create("MySystem");
+    final ActorRef myActor = system.actorOf(Props.create(MyUntypedActor.class), "myactor");
     //#system-actorOf
-    myActor.tell("test", null);
+    try {
-    system.shutdown();
+      new JavaTestKit(system) {
+        {
+          myActor.tell("hello", getRef());
+          expectMsgEquals("hello");
+        }
+      };
+    } finally {
+      system.shutdown();
+    }
   }
 
   @Test
   public void contextActorOf() {
-    //#context-actorOf
+    new JavaTestKit(system) {
-    ActorRef myActor = system.actorOf(new Props(MyUntypedActor.class), "myactor2");
+      {
-    //#context-actorOf
+        //#context-actorOf
-    myActor.tell("test", null);
+        class A extends UntypedActor {
-  }
+          final ActorRef child =
-
+              getContext().actorOf(Props.create(MyUntypedActor.class), "myChild");
-  @Test
+          //#plus-some-behavior
-  public void constructorActorOf() {
+          @Override
-    //#creating-constructor
+          public void onReceive(Object msg) {
-    // allows passing in arguments to the MyActor constructor
+            getSender().tell(child, getSelf());
-    ActorRef myActor = system.actorOf(new Props(new UntypedActorFactory() {
+          }
-      public UntypedActor create() {
+          //#plus-some-behavior
-        return new MyActor("...");
+        }
+        //#context-actorOf
+        final ActorRef top = system.actorOf(Props.create(A.class, this));
+        top.tell("hello", getRef());
+        final ActorRef child = expectMsgClass(ActorRef.class);
+        child.tell("hello", getRef());
+        expectMsgEquals("hello");
       }
-    }), "myactor3");
+    };
-    //#creating-constructor
-    myActor.tell("test", null);
   }
   
+  // this is just to make the test below a tiny fraction nicer
+  private ActorSystem getContext() {
+    return system;
+  }
+
+  static
+  //#creating-indirectly
+  class DependencyInjector implements IndirectActorProducer {
+    final Object applicationContext;
+    final String beanName;
+    
+    public DependencyInjector(Object applicationContext, String beanName) {
+      this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
+      this.beanName = beanName;
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public Class<? extends Actor> actorClass() {
+      return MyActor.class;
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public MyActor produce() {
+      MyActor result;
+      //#obtain-fresh-Actor-instance-from-DI-framework
+      result = new MyActor((String) applicationContext);
+      //#obtain-fresh-Actor-instance-from-DI-framework
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+  //#creating-indirectly
+  
   @Test
-  public void propsActorOf() {
+  public void indirectActorOf() {
-    //#creating-props
+    final String applicationContext = "...";
-    ActorRef myActor = system.actorOf(
+    //#creating-indirectly
-      new Props(MyUntypedActor.class).withDispatcher("my-dispatcher"), "myactor4");
+    
-    //#creating-props
+    final ActorRef myActor = getContext().actorOf(
-    myActor.tell("test", null);
+      Props.create(DependencyInjector.class, applicationContext, "MyActor"), "myactor3");
+    //#creating-indirectly
+    new JavaTestKit(system) {
+      {
+        myActor.tell("hello", getRef());
+        expectMsgEquals("...");
+      }
+    };
   }
 
+  @SuppressWarnings("unused")
   @Test
   public void usingAsk() throws Exception {
-    ActorRef myActor = system.actorOf(new Props(new UntypedActorFactory() {
+    ActorRef myActor = system.actorOf(Props.create(MyAskActor.class, this), "myactor5");
-      public UntypedActor create() {
-        return new MyAskActor();
-      }
-    }), "myactor5");
 
     //#using-ask
     Future<Object> future = Patterns.ask(myActor, "Hello", 1000);
@@ -161,55 +246,181 @@ public class UntypedActorDocTestBase {
 
   @Test
   public void receiveTimeout() {
-    ActorRef myActor = system.actorOf(new Props(MyReceivedTimeoutUntypedActor.class));
+    final ActorRef myActor = system.actorOf(Props.create(MyReceiveTimeoutUntypedActor.class));
-    myActor.tell("Hello", null);
+    new JavaTestKit(system) {
+      {
+        new Within(Duration.create(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS), Duration.create(1500,
+            TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) {
+          @Override
+          protected void run() {
+            myActor.tell("Hello", getRef());
+            expectMsgEquals("Hello world");
+            expectMsgEquals("timeout");
+          }
+        };
+      }
+    };
   }
 
   @Test
   public void usePoisonPill() {
-    ActorRef myActor = system.actorOf(new Props(MyUntypedActor.class));
+    final ActorRef myActor = system.actorOf(Props.create(MyUntypedActor.class));
-    //#poison-pill
+    new JavaTestKit(system) {
-    myActor.tell(PoisonPill.getInstance(), null);
+      {
-    //#poison-pill
+        final ActorRef sender = getRef();
+        //#poison-pill
+        myActor.tell(akka.actor.PoisonPill.getInstance(), sender);
+        //#poison-pill
+        watch(myActor);
+        expectTerminated(myActor);
+      }
+    };
   }
 
   @Test
   public void useKill() {
-    ActorRef victim = system.actorOf(new Props(MyUntypedActor.class));
+    new JavaTestKit(system) {
-    //#kill
+      {
-    victim.tell(Kill.getInstance(), null);
+        class Master extends UntypedActor {
-    //#kill
+          private SupervisorStrategy strategy = new OneForOneStrategy(-1,
+              Duration.Undefined(), new Function<Throwable, Directive>() {
+            @Override
+            public Directive apply(Throwable thr) {
+              if (thr instanceof ActorKilledException) {
+                target.tell("killed", getSelf());
+                getContext().stop(getSelf());
+                return SupervisorStrategy.stop();
+              }
+              return SupervisorStrategy.escalate();
+            }
+          });
+          final ActorRef target;
+          ActorRef child;
+
+          //#preStart
+          @Override
+          public void preStart() {
+            child = getContext().actorOf(Props.empty());
+          }
+          //#preStart
+          
+          @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+          public Master(ActorRef target) {
+            this.target = target;
+
+            /*
+             * Only compilation of `forward` is verified here.
+             */
+            final Object result = "";
+            //#forward
+            target.forward(result, getContext());
+            //#forward
+          }
+          
+          @Override
+          public SupervisorStrategy supervisorStrategy() {
+            return strategy;
+          }
+
+          //#reply
+          @Override
+          public void onReceive(Object msg) {
+            Object result =
+                //#calculate-result
+                child;
+                //#calculate-result
+            
+            // do not forget the second argument!
+            getSender().tell(result, getSelf());
+          }
+          //#reply
+          
+          //#postStop
+          @Override
+          public void postStop() {
+            //#clean-up-resources-here
+            final String message = "stopped";
+            //#tell
+            // don’t forget to think about who is the sender (2nd argument)
+            target.tell(message, getSelf());
+            //#tell
+            //#clean-up-resources-here
+          }
+          //#postStop
+        }
+        final ActorRef master = system.actorOf(Props.create(Master.class, this, getRef()));
+        expectMsgEquals("");
+        master.tell("", getRef());
+        final ActorRef victim = expectMsgClass(ActorRef.class);
+        //#kill
+        victim.tell(akka.actor.Kill.getInstance(), null);
+        //#kill
+        expectMsgEquals("killed");
+        expectMsgEquals("stopped");
+        assert getLastSender().equals(master);
+      }
+    };
   }
 
   @Test
   public void useBecome() {
-    ActorRef myActor = system.actorOf(new Props(new UntypedActorFactory() {
+    new JavaTestKit(system) {
-      public UntypedActor create() {
+      {
-        return new HotSwapActor();
+        ActorRef myActor = system.actorOf(Props.create(HotSwapActor.class));
+        myActor.tell("foo", getRef());
+        myActor.tell("bar", getRef());
+        expectMsgEquals("I am already happy :-)");
+        myActor.tell("bar", getRef());
+        expectMsgEquals("I am already happy :-)");
       }
-    }));
+    };
-    myActor.tell("foo", null);
-    myActor.tell("bar", null);
-    myActor.tell("bar", null);
   }
 
   @Test
   public void useWatch() throws Exception {
-    ActorRef myActor = system.actorOf(new Props(WatchActor.class));
+    ActorRef myActor = system.actorOf(Props.create(WatchActor.class));
     Future<Object> future = Patterns.ask(myActor, "kill", 1000);
     assert Await.result(future, Duration.create("1 second")).equals("finished");
   }
   
+  // compilation test only
+  public void compileSelections() {
+    //#selection-local
+    // will look up this absolute path
+    getContext().actorSelection("/user/serviceA/actor");
+    // will look up sibling beneath same supervisor
+    getContext().actorSelection("../joe");
+    //#selection-local
+
+    //#selection-wildcard
+    // will look all children to serviceB with names starting with worker
+    getContext().actorSelection("/user/serviceB/worker*");
+    // will look up all siblings beneath same supervisor
+    getContext().actorSelection("../*");
+    //#selection-wildcard
+    
+    //#selection-remote
+    getContext().actorSelection("akka.tcp://app@otherhost:1234/user/serviceB");
+    //#selection-remote
+  }
+
   @Test
   public void useIdentify() throws Exception {
-    ActorRef a = system.actorOf(new Props(MyUntypedActor.class), "another");
+    new JavaTestKit(system) {
-    ActorRef b = system.actorOf(new Props(Follower.class));
+      {
-    system.stop(a);
+        ActorRef a = system.actorOf(Props.create(MyUntypedActor.class), "another");
+        ActorRef b = system.actorOf(Props.create(Follower.class, getRef()));
+        expectMsgEquals(a);
+        system.stop(a);
+        watch(b);
+        expectTerminated(b);
+      }
+    };
   }
 
   @Test
   public void usePatternsGracefulStop() throws Exception {
-    ActorRef actorRef = system.actorOf(new Props(MyUntypedActor.class));
+    ActorRef actorRef = system.actorOf(Props.create(MyUntypedActor.class));
     //#gracefulStop
     try {
       Future<Boolean> stopped =
@@ -223,68 +434,143 @@ public class UntypedActorDocTestBase {
   }
 
   class Result {
-    final int x;
+    final String x;
     final String s;
 
-    public Result(int x, String s) {
+    public Result(String x, String s) {
       this.x = x;
       this.s = s;
     }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+      final int prime = 31;
+      int result = 1;
+      result = prime * result + ((s == null) ? 0 : s.hashCode());
+      result = prime * result + ((x == null) ? 0 : x.hashCode());
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+      if (this == obj)
+        return true;
+      if (obj == null)
+        return false;
+      if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
+        return false;
+      Result other = (Result) obj;
+      if (s == null) {
+        if (other.s != null)
+          return false;
+      } else if (!s.equals(other.s))
+        return false;
+      if (x == null) {
+        if (other.x != null)
+          return false;
+      } else if (!x.equals(other.x))
+        return false;
+      return true;
+    }
   }
 
   @Test
   public void usePatternsAskPipe() {
-    ActorRef actorA = system.actorOf(new Props(MyUntypedActor.class));
+    new JavaTestKit(system) {
-    ActorRef actorB = system.actorOf(new Props(MyUntypedActor.class));
+      {
-    ActorRef actorC = system.actorOf(new Props(MyUntypedActor.class));
+        ActorRef actorA = system.actorOf(Props.create(MyUntypedActor.class));
-    //#ask-pipe
+        ActorRef actorB = system.actorOf(Props.create(MyUntypedActor.class));
-    final Timeout t = new Timeout(Duration.create(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+        ActorRef actorC = getRef();
 
-    final ArrayList<Future<Object>> futures = new ArrayList<Future<Object>>();
+        //#ask-pipe
-    futures.add(ask(actorA, "request", 1000)); // using 1000ms timeout
+        final Timeout t = new Timeout(Duration.create(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
-    futures.add(ask(actorB, "another request", t)); // using timeout from above
 
-    final Future<Iterable<Object>> aggregate =
+        final ArrayList<Future<Object>> futures = new ArrayList<Future<Object>>();
-      Futures.sequence(futures, system.dispatcher());
+        futures.add(ask(actorA, "request", 1000)); // using 1000ms timeout
+        futures.add(ask(actorB, "another request", t)); // using timeout from
+                                                        // above
 
-    final Future<Result> transformed = aggregate.map(
+        final Future<Iterable<Object>> aggregate = Futures.sequence(futures,
-      new Mapper<Iterable<Object>, Result>() {
+            system.dispatcher());
-        public Result apply(Iterable<Object> coll) {
-          final Iterator<Object> it = coll.iterator();
-          final String s = (String) it.next();
-          final int x = (Integer) it.next();
-          return new Result(x, s);
-        }
-      }, system.dispatcher());
 
-    pipe(transformed, system.dispatcher()).to(actorC);
+        final Future<Result> transformed = aggregate.map(
-    //#ask-pipe
+            new Mapper<Iterable<Object>, Result>() {
+              public Result apply(Iterable<Object> coll) {
+                final Iterator<Object> it = coll.iterator();
+                final String x = (String) it.next();
+                final String s = (String) it.next();
+                return new Result(x, s);
+              }
+            }, system.dispatcher());
+
+        pipe(transformed, system.dispatcher()).to(actorC);
+        //#ask-pipe
+        
+        expectMsgEquals(new Result("request", "another request"));
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  //#props-factory
+  public static class DemoActor extends UntypedActor {
+    
+    /**
+     * Create Props for an actor of this type.
+     * @param name The name to be passed to this actor’s constructor.
+     * @return a Props for creating this actor, which can then be further configured
+     *         (e.g. calling `.withDispatcher()` on it)
+     */
+    public static Props mkProps(String name) {
+      return Props.create(DemoActor.class, name);
+    }
+    
+    final String name;
+
+    public DemoActor(String name) {
+      this.name = name;
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public void onReceive(Object msg) {
+      // some behavior here
+    }
+    
+  }
+  
+  //#props-factory
+  {
+    if (system != null)
+      //#props-factory
+      system.actorOf(DemoActor.mkProps("hello"));
+    //#props-factory
   }
 
   public static class MyActor extends UntypedActor {
 
+    final String s;
+    
     public MyActor(String s) {
+      this.s = s;
     }
 
-    public void onReceive(Object message) throws Exception {
+    public void onReceive(Object message) {
-      try {
+      getSender().tell(s, getSelf());
-        operation();
-      } catch (Exception e) {
-        getSender().tell(new akka.actor.Status.Failure(e), getSelf());
-        throw e;
-      }
-    }
-
-    private void operation() {
     }
 
+    /*
+     * This section must be kept in sync with the actual Actor trait.
+     * 
+     * BOYSCOUT RULE: whenever you read this, verify that!
+     */
     //#lifecycle-callbacks
     public void preStart() {
     }
 
-    public void preRestart(Throwable reason, Option<Object> message) {
+    public void preRestart(Throwable reason, scala.Option<Object> message) {
-      for (ActorRef each : getContext().getChildren())
+      for (ActorRef each : getContext().getChildren()) {
+        getContext().unwatch(each);
         getContext().stop(each);
+      }
       postStop();
     }
 
@@ -297,7 +583,7 @@ public class UntypedActorDocTestBase {
     //#lifecycle-callbacks
   }
 
-  public static class MyAskActor extends UntypedActor {
+  public class MyAskActor extends UntypedActor {
 
     public void onReceive(Object message) throws Exception {
       //#reply-exception
@@ -409,7 +695,7 @@ public class UntypedActorDocTestBase {
   static
   //#identify
   public class Follower extends UntypedActor {
-    String identifyId = "1";
+    final String identifyId = "1";
     {
       ActorSelection selection =
         getContext().actorSelection("/user/another");
@@ -417,6 +703,13 @@ public class UntypedActorDocTestBase {
     }
     ActorRef another;
     
+    //#test-omitted
+    final ActorRef probe;
+    public Follower(ActorRef probe) {
+      this.probe = probe;
+    }
+    //#test-omitted
+
     @Override
     public void onReceive(Object message) {
       if (message instanceof ActorIdentity) {
@@ -428,6 +721,9 @@ public class UntypedActorDocTestBase {
           else {
             another = ref;
             getContext().watch(another);
+            //#test-omitted
+            probe.tell(ref, getSelf());
+            //#test-omitted
           }
         }
       } else if (message instanceof Terminated) {

akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/actor/UntypedActorSwapper.java

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ public class UntypedActorSwapper {
 
   public static void main(String... args) {
     ActorSystem system = ActorSystem.create("MySystem");
-    ActorRef swap = system.actorOf(new Props(Swapper.class));
+    ActorRef swap = system.actorOf(Props.create(Swapper.class));
     swap.tell(SWAP, null); // logs Hi
     swap.tell(SWAP, null); // logs Ho
     swap.tell(SWAP, null); // logs Hi

akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/actor/japi/FaultHandlingDocSample.java

@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ public class FaultHandlingDocSample {
       "akka.actor.debug.lifecycle = on");
 
     ActorSystem system = ActorSystem.create("FaultToleranceSample", config);
-    ActorRef worker = system.actorOf(new Props(Worker.class), "worker");
+    ActorRef worker = system.actorOf(Props.create(Worker.class), "worker");
-    ActorRef listener = system.actorOf(new Props(Listener.class), "listener");
+    ActorRef listener = system.actorOf(Props.create(Listener.class), "listener");
     // start the work and listen on progress
     // note that the listener is used as sender of the tell,
     // i.e. it will receive replies from the worker
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ public class FaultHandlingDocSample {
     // about progress
     ActorRef progressListener;
     final ActorRef counterService = getContext().actorOf(
-      new Props(CounterService.class), "counter");
+      Props.create(CounterService.class), "counter");
     final int totalCount = 51;
 
     // Stop the CounterService child if it throws ServiceUnavailable
@@ -202,6 +202,7 @@ public class FaultHandlingDocSample {
     }
 
     public static class ServiceUnavailable extends RuntimeException {
+      private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       public ServiceUnavailable(String msg) {
         super(msg);
       }
@@ -271,7 +272,7 @@ public class FaultHandlingDocSample {
      */
     void initStorage() {
       storage = getContext().watch(getContext().actorOf(
-        new Props(Storage.class), "storage"));
+        Props.create(Storage.class), "storage"));
       // Tell the counter, if any, to use the new storage
       if (counter != null)
         counter.tell(new UseStorage(storage), getSelf());
@@ -286,12 +287,7 @@ public class FaultHandlingDocSample {
         counter == null) {
         // Reply from Storage of the initial value, now we can create the Counter
         final long value = ((Entry) msg).value;
-        counter = getContext().actorOf(new Props().withCreator(
+        counter = getContext().actorOf(Props.create(Counter.class, key, value));
-          new UntypedActorFactory() {
-            public Actor create() {
-              return new Counter(key, value);
-            }
-          }));
         // Tell the counter to use current storage
         counter.tell(new UseStorage(storage), getSelf());
         // and send the buffered backlog to the counter
@@ -435,6 +431,7 @@ public class FaultHandlingDocSample {
     }
 
     public static class StorageException extends RuntimeException {
+      private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       public StorageException(String msg) {
         super(msg);
       }

akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/actor/mailbox/DurableMailboxDocTestBase.java

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ public class DurableMailboxDocTestBase {
   @Test
   public void configDefinedDispatcher() {
     //#dispatcher-config-use
-    ActorRef myActor = system.actorOf(new Props(MyUntypedActor.class).
+    ActorRef myActor = system.actorOf(Props.create(MyUntypedActor.class).
         withDispatcher("my-dispatcher"), "myactor");
     //#dispatcher-config-use
     myActor.tell("test", null);

akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/camel/ActivationTestBase.java

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ package docs.camel;
     import akka.util.Timeout;
     import scala.concurrent.Future;
     import scala.concurrent.duration.Duration;
-    import scala.concurrent.duration.FiniteDuration;
     import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.SECONDS;
 //#CamelActivation
 
@@ -17,13 +16,14 @@ import org.junit.Test;
 
 public class ActivationTestBase {
 
+  @SuppressWarnings("unused")
   @Test
   public void testActivation() {
     //#CamelActivation
 
     // ..
     ActorSystem system = ActorSystem.create("some-system");
-    Props props = new Props(MyConsumer.class);
+    Props props = Props.create(MyConsumer.class);
     ActorRef producer = system.actorOf(props,"myproducer");
     Camel camel = CamelExtension.get(system);
     // get a future reference to the activation of the endpoint of the Consumer Actor

akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/camel/CustomRouteTestBase.java

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ public class CustomRouteTestBase {
     //#CustomRoute
     ActorSystem system = ActorSystem.create("some-system");
     Camel camel = CamelExtension.get(system);
-    ActorRef responder = system.actorOf(new Props(Responder.class), "TestResponder");
+    ActorRef responder = system.actorOf(Props.create(Responder.class), "TestResponder");
     camel.context().addRoutes(new CustomRouteBuilder(responder));
     //#CustomRoute
     system.stop(responder);

akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/camel/OnRouteResponseTestBase.java

@@ -7,14 +7,10 @@ public class OnRouteResponseTestBase {
   public void onRouteResponse(){
     //#RouteResponse
     ActorSystem system = ActorSystem.create("some-system");
-    Props receiverProps = new Props(ResponseReceiver.class);
+    Props receiverProps = Props.create(ResponseReceiver.class);
     final ActorRef receiver = system.actorOf(receiverProps,"responseReceiver");
-    UntypedActorFactory factory = new UntypedActorFactory() {
+    ActorRef forwardResponse = system.actorOf(Props.create(
-      public Actor create() {
+        Forwarder.class, "http://localhost:8080/news/akka", receiver));
-        return new Forwarder("http://localhost:8080/news/akka", receiver);
-      }
-    };
-    ActorRef forwardResponse = system.actorOf(new Props(factory));
     // the Forwarder sends out a request to the web page and forwards the response to
     // the ResponseReceiver
     forwardResponse.tell("some request", null);

akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/camel/ProducerTestBase.java

@@ -14,17 +14,18 @@ public class ProducerTestBase {
   public void tellJmsProducer() {
     //#TellProducer
     ActorSystem system = ActorSystem.create("some-system");
-    Props props = new Props(Orders.class);
+    Props props = Props.create(Orders.class);
     ActorRef producer = system.actorOf(props, "jmsproducer");
     producer.tell("<order amount=\"100\" currency=\"PLN\" itemId=\"12345\"/>", null);
     //#TellProducer
     system.shutdown();
   }
 
+  @SuppressWarnings("unused")
   public void askProducer() {
     //#AskProducer
     ActorSystem system = ActorSystem.create("some-system");
-    Props props = new Props(FirstProducer.class);
+    Props props = Props.create(FirstProducer.class);
     ActorRef producer = system.actorOf(props,"myproducer");
     Future<Object> future = Patterns.ask(producer, "some request", 1000);
     //#AskProducer
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ public class ProducerTestBase {
   public void correlate(){
     //#Correlate
     ActorSystem system = ActorSystem.create("some-system");
-    Props props = new Props(Orders.class);
+    Props props = Props.create(Orders.class);
     ActorRef producer = system.actorOf(props,"jmsproducer");
     Map<String,Object> headers = new HashMap<String, Object>();
     headers.put(CamelMessage.MessageExchangeId(),"123");

akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/camel/sample/http/HttpSample.java

@@ -9,19 +9,15 @@ public class HttpSample {
     // run the example in the MicroKernel. Just add the three lines below
     // to your boot class.
     ActorSystem system = ActorSystem.create("some-system");
-    final ActorRef httpTransformer = system.actorOf(new Props(HttpTransformer.class));
     
-    final ActorRef httpProducer = system.actorOf(new Props(new UntypedActorFactory(){
+    final ActorRef httpTransformer = system.actorOf(
-      public Actor create() {
+        Props.create(HttpTransformer.class));
-        return new HttpProducer(httpTransformer);
-      }
-    }));
 
-    ActorRef httpConsumer = system.actorOf(new Props(new UntypedActorFactory(){
+    final ActorRef httpProducer = system.actorOf(
-      public Actor create() {
+        Props.create(HttpProducer.class, httpTransformer));
-        return new HttpConsumer(httpProducer);
+    
-      }
+    final ActorRef httpConsumer = system.actorOf(
-    }));
+        Props.create(HttpConsumer.class, httpProducer));
     //#HttpExample
   }
 }

akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/camel/sample/quartz/QuartzSample.java

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import akka.actor.Props;
 public class QuartzSample {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
     ActorSystem system = ActorSystem.create("my-quartz-system");
-    system.actorOf(new Props(MyQuartzActor.class));
+    system.actorOf(Props.create(MyQuartzActor.class));
   }
 }
 //#QuartzExample

akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/camel/sample/route/CustomRouteSample.java

@@ -4,25 +4,16 @@ import akka.actor.*;
 import akka.camel.CamelExtension;
 
 public class CustomRouteSample {
+  @SuppressWarnings("unused")
   public static void main(String[] args) {
     try {
       //#CustomRouteExample
       // the below lines can be added to a Boot class, so that you can run the
       // example from a MicroKernel
       ActorSystem system = ActorSystem.create("some-system");
-      final ActorRef producer = system.actorOf(new Props(Producer1.class));
+      final ActorRef producer = system.actorOf(Props.create(Producer1.class));
-      final ActorRef mediator = system.actorOf(new Props(new UntypedActorFactory() {
+      final ActorRef mediator = system.actorOf(Props.create(Transformer.class, producer));
-        public Actor create() {
+      final ActorRef consumer = system.actorOf(Props.create(Consumer3.class, mediator));
-          return new Transformer(producer);
-
-        }
-      }));
-      ActorRef consumer = system.actorOf(new Props(new UntypedActorFactory() {
-        public Actor create() {
-          return new Consumer3(mediator);
-
-        }
-      }));
       CamelExtension.get(system).context().addRoutes(new CustomRouteBuilder());
       //#CustomRouteExample
     } catch (Exception e) {

akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/dispatcher/DispatcherDocTestBase.java

@@ -58,32 +58,36 @@ public class DispatcherDocTestBase {
     system = null;
   }
 
+  @SuppressWarnings("unused")
   @Test
   public void defineDispatcherInConfig() {
     //#defining-dispatcher-in-config
     ActorRef myActor =
-      system.actorOf(new Props(MyUntypedActor.class),
+      system.actorOf(Props.create(MyUntypedActor.class),
         "myactor");
     //#defining-dispatcher-in-config
   }
 
+  @SuppressWarnings("unused")
   @Test
   public void defineDispatcherInCode() {
     //#defining-dispatcher-in-code
     ActorRef myActor =
-      system.actorOf(new Props(MyUntypedActor.class).withDispatcher("my-dispatcher"),
+      system.actorOf(Props.create(MyUntypedActor.class).withDispatcher("my-dispatcher"),
         "myactor3");
     //#defining-dispatcher-in-code
   }
 
+  @SuppressWarnings("unused")
   @Test
   public void definePinnedDispatcher() {
     //#defining-pinned-dispatcher
-    ActorRef myActor = system.actorOf(new Props(MyUntypedActor.class)
+    ActorRef myActor = system.actorOf(Props.create(MyUntypedActor.class)
         .withDispatcher("my-pinned-dispatcher"));
     //#defining-pinned-dispatcher
   }
   
+  @SuppressWarnings("unused")
   public void compileLookup() {
     //#lookup
     // this is scala.concurrent.ExecutionContext
@@ -97,33 +101,24 @@ public class DispatcherDocTestBase {
     JavaTestKit probe = new JavaTestKit(system);
     //#prio-dispatcher
 
-    // We create a new Actor that just prints out what it processes
+    class Demo extends UntypedActor {
-    ActorRef myActor = system.actorOf(
+      LoggingAdapter log = Logging.getLogger(getContext().system(), this);
-        new Props().withCreator(new UntypedActorFactory() {
+      {
-          public UntypedActor create() {
+        for (Object msg : new Object[] { "lowpriority", "lowpriority",
-            return new UntypedActor() {
+            "highpriority", "pigdog", "pigdog2", "pigdog3", "highpriority",
-              LoggingAdapter log =
+            PoisonPill.getInstance() }) {
-                      Logging.getLogger(getContext().system(), this);
+          getSelf().tell(msg, getSelf());
-              {
+        }
-                for(Object msg : new Object[] {
+      }
-                  "lowpriority",
-                  "lowpriority",
-                  "highpriority",
-                  "pigdog",
-                  "pigdog2",
-                  "pigdog3",
-                  "highpriority",
-                  PoisonPill.getInstance() }) {
-                    getSelf().tell(msg, getSelf());
-                }
-              }
 
-              public void onReceive(Object message) {
+      public void onReceive(Object message) {
-                log.info(message.toString());
+        log.info(message.toString());
-              }
+      }
-            };
+    }
-          }
+
-        }).withDispatcher("prio-dispatcher"));
+    // We create a new Actor that just prints out what it processes
+    ActorRef myActor = system.actorOf(Props.create(Demo.class, this)
+        .withDispatcher("prio-dispatcher"));
 
     /*
     Logs:

akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/event/LoggingDocTestBase.java

@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ import org.junit.Test;
 
 import scala.Option;
 
-import akka.actor.UntypedActorFactory;
 //#imports-deadletter
 import akka.actor.Props;
 import akka.actor.ActorRef;
@@ -36,11 +35,7 @@ public class LoggingDocTestBase {
   @Test
   public void useLoggingActor() {
     ActorSystem system = ActorSystem.create("MySystem");
-    ActorRef myActor = system.actorOf(new Props(new UntypedActorFactory() {
+    ActorRef myActor = system.actorOf(Props.create(MyActor.class, this));
-      public UntypedActor create() {
-        return new MyActor();
-      }
-    }));
     myActor.tell("test", null);
     system.shutdown();
   }
@@ -49,7 +44,7 @@ public class LoggingDocTestBase {
   public void subscribeToDeadLetters() {
     //#deadletters
     final ActorSystem system = ActorSystem.create("DeadLetters");
-    final ActorRef actor = system.actorOf(new Props(DeadLetterActor.class));
+    final ActorRef actor = system.actorOf(Props.create(DeadLetterActor.class));
     system.eventStream().subscribe(actor, DeadLetter.class);
     //#deadletters
     system.shutdown();

akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/future/FutureDocTestBase.java

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ public class FutureDocTestBase {
 
   @Test
   public void useBlockingFromActor() throws Exception {
-    ActorRef actor = system.actorOf(new Props(MyActor.class));
+    ActorRef actor = system.actorOf(Props.create(MyActor.class));
     String msg = "hello";
     //#ask-blocking
     Timeout timeout = new Timeout(Duration.create(5, "seconds"));

akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/io/japi/PipelineTest.java

@@ -13,12 +13,10 @@ import org.junit.Test;
 
 import scala.concurrent.duration.Duration;
 
-import akka.actor.Actor;
 import akka.actor.ActorRef;
 import akka.actor.ActorSystem;
 import akka.actor.PoisonPill;
 import akka.actor.Props;
-import akka.actor.UntypedActorFactory;
 import akka.io.AbstractPipelineContext;
 import akka.io.PipelineFactory;
 import akka.io.PipelineInjector;
@@ -117,25 +115,23 @@ public class PipelineTest {
   public void testTick() {
     new JavaTestKit(system) {
       {
-        final ActorRef proc = system.actorOf(new Props(
+        class P extends Processor {
-            new UntypedActorFactory() {
+          public P(ActorRef cmds, ActorRef evts) throws Exception {
-              private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+            super(cmds, evts);
+          }
 
-              @Override
+          @Override
-              public Actor create() throws Exception {
+          public void onReceive(Object obj) throws Exception {
-                return new Processor(getRef(), getRef()) {
+            if (obj.equals("fail!")) {
+              throw new RuntimeException("FAIL!");
+            }
+            super.onReceive(obj);
+          }
           
-                  @Override
+        }
-                  public void onReceive(Object obj) throws Exception {
-                    if (obj.equals("fail!")) {
-                      throw new RuntimeException("FAIL!");
-                    }
-                    super.onReceive(obj);
-                  }
         
-                };
+        final ActorRef proc = system.actorOf(Props.create(
-              }
+            P.class, this, getRef(), getRef()), "processor");
-            }), "processor");
         expectMsgClass(TickGenerator.Tick.class);
         proc.tell(msg, null);
         final ByteString encoded = expectMsgClass(ByteString.class);

akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/jrouting/ConsistentHashingRouterDocTestBase.java

@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ public class ConsistentHashingRouterDocTestBase {
   static
   //#cache-actor
   public final class Evict implements Serializable {
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
     public final String key;
     public Evict(String key) {
       this.key = key;
@@ -76,6 +77,7 @@ public class ConsistentHashingRouterDocTestBase {
   static
   //#cache-actor
   public final class Get implements Serializable, ConsistentHashable {
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
     public final String key;
     public Get(String key) {
       this.key = key;
@@ -89,6 +91,7 @@ public class ConsistentHashingRouterDocTestBase {
   static
   //#cache-actor
   public final class Entry implements Serializable {
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
     public final String key;
     public final String value;
     public Entry(String key, String value) {
@@ -122,7 +125,7 @@ public class ConsistentHashingRouterDocTestBase {
         }
       };
 
-      ActorRef cache = system.actorOf(new Props(Cache.class).withRouter(
+      ActorRef cache = system.actorOf(Props.create(Cache.class).withRouter(
         new ConsistentHashingRouter(10).withHashMapper(hashMapper)), 
         "cache");
 

akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/jrouting/CustomRouterDocTestBase.java

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ public class CustomRouterDocTestBase {
   @Test
   public void demonstrateDispatchers() {
     //#dispatchers
-    final ActorRef router = system.actorOf(new Props(MyActor.class)
+    final ActorRef router = system.actorOf(Props.create(MyActor.class)
       // “head” router will run on "head" dispatcher
       .withRouter(new RoundRobinRouter(5).withDispatcher("head"))
       // MyActor “workers” will run on "workers" dispatcher
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ public class CustomRouterDocTestBase {
     final SupervisorStrategy strategy =
       new OneForOneStrategy(5, Duration.create("1 minute"),
          Collections.<Class<? extends Throwable>>singletonList(Exception.class));
-    final ActorRef router = system.actorOf(new Props(MyActor.class)
+    final ActorRef router = system.actorOf(Props.create(MyActor.class)
         .withRouter(new RoundRobinRouter(5).withSupervisorStrategy(strategy)));
     //#supervision
   }
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ public class CustomRouterDocTestBase {
   @Test
   public void countVotesAsIntendedNotAsInFlorida() throws Exception {
     ActorRef routedActor = system.actorOf(
-      new Props().withRouter(new VoteCountRouter()));
+      Props.empty().withRouter(new VoteCountRouter()));
     routedActor.tell(DemocratVote, null);
     routedActor.tell(DemocratVote, null);
     routedActor.tell(RepublicanVote, null);
@@ -167,9 +167,9 @@ public class CustomRouterDocTestBase {
     @Override
     public CustomRoute createCustomRoute(RouteeProvider routeeProvider) {
       final ActorRef democratActor =
-        routeeProvider.context().actorOf(new Props(DemocratActor.class), "d");
+        routeeProvider.context().actorOf(Props.create(DemocratActor.class), "d");
       final ActorRef republicanActor =
-        routeeProvider.context().actorOf(new Props(RepublicanActor.class), "r");
+        routeeProvider.context().actorOf(Props.create(RepublicanActor.class), "r");
       List<ActorRef> routees =
         Arrays.asList(new ActorRef[] { democratActor, republicanActor });
 

akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/jrouting/ParentActor.java

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ public class ParentActor extends UntypedActor {
     if (msg.equals("rrr")) {
       //#roundRobinRouter
       ActorRef roundRobinRouter = getContext().actorOf(
-          new Props(PrintlnActor.class).withRouter(new RoundRobinRouter(5)),
+          Props.create(PrintlnActor.class).withRouter(new RoundRobinRouter(5)),
         "router");
       for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
         roundRobinRouter.tell(i, getSelf());
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ public class ParentActor extends UntypedActor {
     } else if (msg.equals("rr")) {
       //#randomRouter
       ActorRef randomRouter = getContext().actorOf(
-        new Props(PrintlnActor.class).withRouter(new RandomRouter(5)),
+        Props.create(PrintlnActor.class).withRouter(new RandomRouter(5)),
           "router");
       for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
         randomRouter.tell(i, getSelf());
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ public class ParentActor extends UntypedActor {
     } else if (msg.equals("smr")) {
       //#smallestMailboxRouter
       ActorRef smallestMailboxRouter = getContext().actorOf(
-          new Props(PrintlnActor.class).withRouter(new SmallestMailboxRouter(5)),
+          Props.create(PrintlnActor.class).withRouter(new SmallestMailboxRouter(5)),
         "router");
       for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
         smallestMailboxRouter.tell(i, getSelf());
@@ -49,13 +49,13 @@ public class ParentActor extends UntypedActor {
     } else if (msg.equals("br")) {
       //#broadcastRouter
       ActorRef broadcastRouter = getContext().actorOf(
-        new Props(PrintlnActor.class).withRouter(new BroadcastRouter(5)), "router");
+        Props.create(PrintlnActor.class).withRouter(new BroadcastRouter(5)), "router");
       broadcastRouter.tell("this is a broadcast message", getSelf());
       //#broadcastRouter
     } else if (msg.equals("sgfcr")) {
       //#scatterGatherFirstCompletedRouter
       ActorRef scatterGatherFirstCompletedRouter = getContext().actorOf(
-          new Props(FibonacciActor.class).withRouter(
+          Props.create(FibonacciActor.class).withRouter(
             new ScatterGatherFirstCompletedRouter(5, Duration.create(2, "seconds"))),
         "router");
       Timeout timeout = new Timeout(Duration.create(5, "seconds"));

akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/jrouting/RouterViaConfigExample.java

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ public class RouterViaConfigExample {
     ActorSystem system = ActorSystem.create("Example", config);
     //#configurableRouting
     ActorRef router = system.actorOf(
-      new Props(ExampleActor.class).withRouter(new FromConfig()), "myrouter1");
+      Props.create(ExampleActor.class).withRouter(new FromConfig()), "myrouter1");
     //#configurableRouting
     for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
       router.tell(new ExampleActor.Message(i), null);
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ public class RouterViaConfigExample {
 
     //#configurableRoutingWithResizer
     ActorRef router2 = system.actorOf(
-      new Props(ExampleActor.class).withRouter(new FromConfig()), "myrouter2");
+      Props.create(ExampleActor.class).withRouter(new FromConfig()), "myrouter2");
     //#configurableRoutingWithResizer
     for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
       router2.tell(new ExampleActor.Message(i), null);

akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/jrouting/RouterViaProgramDocTestBase.java

@@ -3,21 +3,23 @@
  */
 package docs.jrouting;
 
-import akka.actor.*;
+import java.util.Arrays;
-import akka.remote.routing.RemoteRouterConfig;
+
+import org.junit.AfterClass;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import akka.actor.ActorRef;
+import akka.actor.ActorSystem;
+import akka.actor.Kill;
+import akka.actor.PoisonPill;
+import akka.actor.Props;
+import akka.actor.Terminated;
 import akka.routing.Broadcast;
 import akka.routing.RoundRobinRouter;
 import akka.testkit.JavaTestKit;
 import docs.jrouting.RouterViaProgramExample.ExampleActor;
 import docs.routing.RouterViaProgramDocSpec.Echo;
-import java.io.Serializable;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.Map;
-import org.junit.AfterClass;
-import org.junit.Assert;
-import org.junit.BeforeClass;
-import org.junit.Test;
 
 public class RouterViaProgramDocTestBase {
 
@@ -45,17 +47,18 @@ public class RouterViaProgramDocTestBase {
     }
   }
 
+  @SuppressWarnings("unused")
   @Test
   public void demonstrateRouteesFromPaths() {
     new JavaTestKit(system) {{
       //#programmaticRoutingRouteePaths      
-      ActorRef actor1 = system.actorOf(new Props(ExampleActor.class), "actor1");
+      ActorRef actor1 = system.actorOf(Props.create(ExampleActor.class), "actor1");
-      ActorRef actor2 = system.actorOf(new Props(ExampleActor.class), "actor2");
+      ActorRef actor2 = system.actorOf(Props.create(ExampleActor.class), "actor2");
-      ActorRef actor3 = system.actorOf(new Props(ExampleActor.class), "actor3");
+      ActorRef actor3 = system.actorOf(Props.create(ExampleActor.class), "actor3");
       Iterable<String> routees = Arrays.asList(
         new String[] { "/user/actor1", "/user/actor2", "/user/actor3" });
       ActorRef router = system.actorOf(
-        new Props().withRouter(new RoundRobinRouter(routees)));
+        Props.empty().withRouter(new RoundRobinRouter(routees)));
       //#programmaticRoutingRouteePaths
       for (int i = 1; i <= 6; i++) {
         router.tell(new ExampleActor.Message(i), null);
@@ -66,7 +69,7 @@ public class RouterViaProgramDocTestBase {
   @Test
   public void demonstrateBroadcast() {
     new JavaTestKitWithSelf(system) {{
-      ActorRef router = system.actorOf(new Props(Echo.class).withRouter(new RoundRobinRouter(5)));
+      ActorRef router = system.actorOf(Props.create(Echo.class).withRouter(new RoundRobinRouter(5)));
       //#broadcastDavyJonesWarning
       router.tell(new Broadcast("Watch out for Davy Jones' locker"), getSelf());
       //#broadcastDavyJonesWarning
@@ -77,7 +80,7 @@ public class RouterViaProgramDocTestBase {
   @Test
   public void demonstratePoisonPill() {
     new JavaTestKitWithSelf(system) {{
-      ActorRef router = system.actorOf(new Props(Echo.class).withRouter(new RoundRobinRouter(5)));
+      ActorRef router = system.actorOf(Props.create(Echo.class).withRouter(new RoundRobinRouter(5)));
       watch(router);
       //#poisonPill
       router.tell(PoisonPill.getInstance(), getSelf());
@@ -89,7 +92,7 @@ public class RouterViaProgramDocTestBase {
   @Test
   public void demonstrateBroadcastOfPoisonPill() {
     new JavaTestKitWithSelf(system) {{
-      ActorRef router = system.actorOf(new Props(Echo.class).withRouter(new RoundRobinRouter(5)));
+      ActorRef router = system.actorOf(Props.create(Echo.class).withRouter(new RoundRobinRouter(5)));
       watch(router);
       //#broadcastPoisonPill
       router.tell(new Broadcast(PoisonPill.getInstance()), getSelf());
@@ -101,7 +104,7 @@ public class RouterViaProgramDocTestBase {
   @Test
   public void demonstrateKill() {
     new JavaTestKitWithSelf(system) {{
-      ActorRef router = system.actorOf(new Props(Echo.class).withRouter(new RoundRobinRouter(5)));
+      ActorRef router = system.actorOf(Props.create(Echo.class).withRouter(new RoundRobinRouter(5)));
       watch(router);
       //#kill
       router.tell(Kill.getInstance(), getSelf());
@@ -113,7 +116,7 @@ public class RouterViaProgramDocTestBase {
   @Test
   public void demonstrateBroadcastOfKill() {
     new JavaTestKitWithSelf(system) {{
-      ActorRef router = system.actorOf(new Props(Echo.class).withRouter(new RoundRobinRouter(5)));
+      ActorRef router = system.actorOf(Props.create(Echo.class).withRouter(new RoundRobinRouter(5)));
       watch(router);
       //#broadcastKill
       router.tell(new Broadcast(Kill.getInstance()), getSelf());

akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/jrouting/RouterViaProgramExample.java

@@ -41,25 +41,26 @@ public class RouterViaProgramExample {
     }
   }
 
+  @SuppressWarnings("unused")
   public static void main(String... args) {
     ActorSystem system = ActorSystem.create("RPE");
     //#programmaticRoutingNrOfInstances
     int nrOfInstances = 5;
     ActorRef router1 = system.actorOf(
-      new Props(ExampleActor.class).withRouter(new RoundRobinRouter(nrOfInstances)));
+      Props.create(ExampleActor.class).withRouter(new RoundRobinRouter(nrOfInstances)));
     //#programmaticRoutingNrOfInstances
     for (int i = 1; i <= 6; i++) {
       router1.tell(new ExampleActor.Message(i), null);
     }
 
     //#programmaticRoutingRoutees
-    ActorRef actor1 = system.actorOf(new Props(ExampleActor.class));
+    ActorRef actor1 = system.actorOf(Props.create(ExampleActor.class));
-    ActorRef actor2 = system.actorOf(new Props(ExampleActor.class));
+    ActorRef actor2 = system.actorOf(Props.create(ExampleActor.class));
-    ActorRef actor3 = system.actorOf(new Props(ExampleActor.class));
+    ActorRef actor3 = system.actorOf(Props.create(ExampleActor.class));
     Iterable<ActorRef> routees = Arrays.asList(
       new ActorRef[] { actor1, actor2, actor3 });
     ActorRef router2 = system.actorOf(
-      new Props().withRouter(RoundRobinRouter.create(routees)));
+      Props.empty().withRouter(RoundRobinRouter.create(routees)));
     //#programmaticRoutingRoutees
     for (int i = 1; i <= 6; i++) {
       router2.tell(new ExampleActor.Message(i), null);
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ public class RouterViaProgramExample {
     int upperBound = 15;
     DefaultResizer resizer = new DefaultResizer(lowerBound, upperBound);
     ActorRef router3 = system.actorOf(
-      new Props(ExampleActor.class).withRouter(new RoundRobinRouter(resizer)));
+      Props.create(ExampleActor.class).withRouter(new RoundRobinRouter(resizer)));
     //#programmaticRoutingWithResizer
     for (int i = 1; i <= 6; i++) {
       router3.tell(new ExampleActor.Message(i), null);
@@ -80,11 +81,12 @@ public class RouterViaProgramExample {
     Address addr1 = new Address("akka", "remotesys", "otherhost", 1234);
     Address addr2 = AddressFromURIString.parse("akka://othersys@anotherhost:1234");
     Address[] addresses = new Address[] { addr1, addr2 };
-    ActorRef routerRemote = system.actorOf(new Props(ExampleActor.class)
+    ActorRef routerRemote = system.actorOf(Props.create(ExampleActor.class)
       .withRouter(new RemoteRouterConfig(new RoundRobinRouter(5), addresses)));
     //#remoteRoutees
   }
   
+  @SuppressWarnings("unused")
   private class CompileCheckJavaDocsForRouting extends UntypedActor {
 
     @Override

akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/pattern/SchedulerPatternTest.java

@@ -121,13 +121,7 @@ public class SchedulerPatternTest {
   public void scheduleInConstructor() {
     new TestSchedule(system) {{
       final JavaTestKit probe = new JavaTestKit(system);
-
+      final Props props = Props.create(ScheduleInConstructor.class, probe.getRef());
-      final Props props = new Props(new UntypedActorFactory() {
-        public UntypedActor create() {
-          return new ScheduleInConstructor(probe.getRef());
-        }
-      });
-
       testSchedule(probe, props, duration("3000 millis"), duration("2000 millis"));
     }};
   }
@@ -135,16 +129,9 @@ public class SchedulerPatternTest {
   @Test
   @Ignore // no way to tag this as timing sensitive
   public void scheduleInReceive() {
-
     new TestSchedule(system) {{
       final JavaTestKit probe = new JavaTestKit(system);
-
+      final Props props = Props.create(ScheduleInReceive.class, probe.getRef());
-      final Props props = new Props(new UntypedActorFactory() {
-        public UntypedActor create() {
-          return new ScheduleInReceive(probe.getRef());
-        }
-      });
-
       testSchedule(probe, props, duration("3000 millis"), duration("2500 millis"));
     }};
   }

akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/pattern/SupervisedAsk.java

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ public class SupervisedAsk {
     public void onReceive(Object message) throws Exception {
       if (message instanceof AskParam) {
         ActorRef supervisor = getContext().actorOf(
-            Props.apply(AskSupervisor.class));
+            Props.create(AskSupervisor.class));
         supervisor.forward(message, getContext());
       } else {
         unhandled(message);
@@ -104,6 +104,6 @@ public class SupervisedAsk {
 
   synchronized public static ActorRef createSupervisorCreator(
       ActorRefFactory factory) {
-    return factory.actorOf(Props.apply(AskSupervisorCreator.class));
+    return factory.actorOf(Props.create(AskSupervisorCreator.class));
   }
 }

akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/pattern/SupervisedAskSpec.java

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ public class SupervisedAskSpec {
       ActorRef supervisorCreator = SupervisedAsk
           .createSupervisorCreator(actorSystem);
       Future<Object> finished = SupervisedAsk.askOf(supervisorCreator,
-          Props.apply(someActor), message, timeout);
+          Props.create(someActor), message, timeout);
       return Await.result(finished, timeout.duration());
     } catch (Exception e) {
       // exception propagated by supervision

akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/remoting/RemoteDeploymentDocTestBase.java

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ public class RemoteDeploymentDocTestBase {
     addr = AddressFromURIString.parse("akka.tcp://sys@host:1234"); // the same
     //#make-address
     //#deploy
-    ActorRef ref = system.actorOf(new Props(SampleActor.class).withDeploy(
+    ActorRef ref = system.actorOf(Props.create(SampleActor.class).withDeploy(
       new Deploy(new RemoteScope(addr))));
     //#deploy
     assert ref.path().address().equals(addr);
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ public class RemoteDeploymentDocTestBase {
   public void demonstrateSampleActor() {
     //#sample-actor
 
-    ActorRef actor = system.actorOf(new Props(SampleActor.class), "sampleActor");
+    ActorRef actor = system.actorOf(Props.create(SampleActor.class), "sampleActor");
     actor.tell("Pretty slick", null);
     //#sample-actor
   }

akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/testkit/TestKitDocTest.java

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ import akka.actor.PoisonPill;
 import akka.actor.Props;
 import akka.actor.Terminated;
 import akka.actor.UntypedActor;
-import akka.actor.UntypedActorFactory;
 import scala.concurrent.Await;
 import scala.concurrent.Future;
 import akka.testkit.CallingThreadDispatcher;
@@ -63,7 +62,7 @@ public class TestKitDocTest {
   //#test-actor-ref
   @Test
   public void demonstrateTestActorRef() {
-    final Props props = new Props(MyActor.class);
+    final Props props = Props.create(MyActor.class);
     final TestActorRef<MyActor> ref = TestActorRef.create(system, props, "testA");
     final MyActor actor = ref.underlyingActor();
     assertTrue(actor.testMe());
@@ -73,7 +72,7 @@ public class TestKitDocTest {
   @Test
   public void demonstrateAsk() throws Exception {
     //#test-behavior
-    final Props props = new Props(MyActor.class);
+    final Props props = Props.create(MyActor.class);
     final TestActorRef<MyActor> ref = TestActorRef.create(system, props, "testB");
     final Future<Object> future = akka.pattern.Patterns.ask(ref, "say42", 3000);
     assertTrue(future.isCompleted());
@@ -84,7 +83,7 @@ public class TestKitDocTest {
   @Test
   public void demonstrateExceptions() {
     //#test-expecting-exceptions
-    final Props props = new Props(MyActor.class);
+    final Props props = Props.create(MyActor.class);
     final TestActorRef<MyActor> ref = TestActorRef.create(system, props, "myActor");
     try {
       ref.receive(new Exception("expected"));
@@ -208,7 +207,7 @@ public class TestKitDocTest {
   }
 
   @Test
-  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // due to generic varargs
+  @SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "unused" }) // due to generic varargs
   public void demonstrateExpect() {
     new JavaTestKit(system) {{
       getRef().tell("hello", null);
@@ -273,28 +272,24 @@ public class TestKitDocTest {
   @Test
   public void demonstrateProbe() {
     //#test-probe
-    // simple actor which just forwards messages
-    class Forwarder extends UntypedActor {
-      final ActorRef target;
-      public Forwarder(ActorRef target) {
-        this.target = target;
-      }
-      public void onReceive(Object msg) {
-        target.forward(msg, getContext());
-      }
-    }
-
     new JavaTestKit(system) {{
+      // simple actor which just forwards messages
+      class Forwarder extends UntypedActor {
+        final ActorRef target;
+        @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+        public Forwarder(ActorRef target) {
+          this.target = target;
+        }
+        public void onReceive(Object msg) {
+          target.forward(msg, getContext());
+        }
+      }
+      
       // create a test probe
       final JavaTestKit probe = new JavaTestKit(system);
 
       // create a forwarder, injecting the probe’s testActor
-      final Props props = new Props(new UntypedActorFactory() {
+      final Props props = Props.create(Forwarder.class, this, probe.getRef());
-        private static final long serialVersionUID = 8927158735963950216L;
-        public UntypedActor create() {
-          return new Forwarder(probe.getRef());
-        }
-      });
       final ActorRef forwarder = system.actorOf(props, "forwarder");
 
       // verify correct forwarding
@@ -327,7 +322,7 @@ public class TestKitDocTest {
 
   @Test
   public void demonstrateWatch() {
-    final ActorRef target = system.actorOf(new Props(MyActor.class));
+    final ActorRef target = system.actorOf(Props.create(MyActor.class));
     //#test-probe-watch
     new JavaTestKit(system) {{
       final JavaTestKit probe = new JavaTestKit(system);
@@ -411,7 +406,7 @@ public class TestKitDocTest {
   public void demonstrateCTD() {
     //#calling-thread-dispatcher
     system.actorOf(
-      new Props(MyActor.class)
+      Props.create(MyActor.class)
         .withDispatcher(CallingThreadDispatcher.Id()));
     //#calling-thread-dispatcher
   }

akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/testkit/TestKitSampleTest.java

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ public class TestKitSampleTest {
      * if you want to receive actor replies or use Within(), etc.
      */
     new JavaTestKit(system) {{
-      final Props props = new Props(SomeActor.class);
+      final Props props = Props.create(SomeActor.class);
       final ActorRef subject = system.actorOf(props);
 
       // can also use JavaTestKit “from the outside”

akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/transactor/TransactorDocTest.java

@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ public class TransactorDocTest {
         //#coordinated-example
         ActorSystem system = ActorSystem.create("CoordinatedExample");
 
-        ActorRef counter1 = system.actorOf(new Props(CoordinatedCounter.class));
+        ActorRef counter1 = system.actorOf(Props.create(CoordinatedCounter.class));
-        ActorRef counter2 = system.actorOf(new Props(CoordinatedCounter.class));
+        ActorRef counter2 = system.actorOf(Props.create(CoordinatedCounter.class));
 
         Timeout timeout = new Timeout(5, SECONDS);
 
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ public class TransactorDocTest {
         //#create-coordinated
 
         ActorSystem system = ActorSystem.create("CoordinatedApi");
-        ActorRef actor = system.actorOf(new Props(Coordinator.class));
+        ActorRef actor = system.actorOf(Props.create(Coordinator.class));
 
         //#send-coordinated
         actor.tell(new Coordinated(new Message(), timeout), null);
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ public class TransactorDocTest {
     @Test
     public void counterTransactor() throws Exception {
         ActorSystem system = ActorSystem.create("CounterTransactor");
-        ActorRef counter = system.actorOf(new Props(Counter.class));
+        ActorRef counter = system.actorOf(Props.create(Counter.class));
 
         Timeout timeout = new Timeout(5, SECONDS);
         Coordinated coordinated = new Coordinated(timeout);
@@ -81,8 +81,8 @@ public class TransactorDocTest {
     @Test
     public void friendlyCounterTransactor() throws Exception {
         ActorSystem system = ActorSystem.create("FriendlyCounterTransactor");
-        ActorRef friend = system.actorOf(new Props(Counter.class));
+        ActorRef friend = system.actorOf(Props.create(Counter.class));
-        ActorRef friendlyCounter = system.actorOf(new Props(FriendlyCounter.class));
+        ActorRef friendlyCounter = system.actorOf(Props.create(FriendlyCounter.class));
 
         Timeout timeout = new Timeout(5, SECONDS);
         Coordinated coordinated = new Coordinated(timeout);

akka-docs/rst/java/code/docs/zeromq/ZeromqDocTestBase.java

@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ public class ZeromqDocTestBase {
     system.shutdown();
   }
 
+  @SuppressWarnings("unused")
   @Test
   public void demonstrateCreateSocket() {
     Assume.assumeTrue(checkZeroMQInstallation());
@@ -78,7 +79,7 @@ public class ZeromqDocTestBase {
     //#pub-socket
 
     //#sub-socket
-    ActorRef listener = system.actorOf(new Props(ListenerActor.class));
+    ActorRef listener = system.actorOf(Props.create(ListenerActor.class));
     ActorRef subSocket = ZeroMQExtension.get(system).newSubSocket(
       new Connect("tcp://127.0.0.1:1233"),
       new Listener(listener), Subscribe.all());
@@ -115,17 +116,17 @@ public class ZeromqDocTestBase {
 
     //#health2
 
-    system.actorOf(new Props(HealthProbe.class), "health");
+    system.actorOf(Props.create(HealthProbe.class), "health");
     //#health2
 
     //#logger2
 
-    system.actorOf(new Props(Logger.class), "logger");
+    system.actorOf(Props.create(Logger.class), "logger");
     //#logger2
 
     //#alerter2
 
-    system.actorOf(new Props(HeapAlerter.class), "alerter");
+    system.actorOf(Props.create(HeapAlerter.class), "alerter");
     //#alerter2
 
     // Let it run for a while to see some output.
@@ -159,6 +160,7 @@ public class ZeromqDocTestBase {
   static
   //#health
   public class Heap implements Serializable {
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
     public final long timestamp;
     public final long used;
     public final long max;
@@ -174,6 +176,7 @@ public class ZeromqDocTestBase {
   static
   //#health
   public class Load implements Serializable {
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
     public final long timestamp;
     public final double loadAverage;
 

akka-docs/rst/java/untyped-actors.rst

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ Creating Actors
 Defining an Actor class
 -----------------------
 
-Actor in Java are implemented by extending the ``UntypedActor`` class and implementing the
+Actors in Java are implemented by extending the ``UntypedActor`` class and implementing the
 :meth:`onReceive` method. This method takes the message as a parameter.
 
 Here is an example:
@@ -42,84 +42,132 @@ Here is an example:
 Props
 -----
 
-``Props`` is a configuration class to specify options for the creation
+:class:`Props` is a configuration class to specify options for the creation
-of actors. Here are some examples on how to create a ``Props`` instance.
+of actors, think of it as an immutable and thus freely shareable recipe for
+creating an actor including associated deployment information (e.g. which
+dispatcher to use, see more below). Here are some examples of how to create a
+:class:`Props` instance.
 
+.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/UntypedActorDocTestBase.java#import-props
 .. includecode:: code/docs/actor/UntypedActorDocTestBase.java#creating-props-config
 
+The last line shows how to pass constructor arguments to the :class:`Actor`
+being created. The presence of a matching constructor is verified during
+construction of the :class:`Props` object, resulting in an
+:class:`IllegalArgumentEception` if no or multiple matching constructors are
+found.
+
+Deprecated Variants
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Up to Akka 2.1 there were also the following possibilities (which are retained
+for a migration period):
+
+.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/UntypedActorDocTestBase.java#import-untypedActor
+.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/UntypedActorDocTestBase.java#creating-props-deprecated
+
+The last two are deprecated because their functionality is available in full
+through :meth:`Props.create()`.
+
+The first two are deprecated because the resulting :class:`UntypedActorFactory`
+is typically a local class which means that it implicitly carries a reference
+to the enclosing class. This can easily make the resulting :class:`Props`
+non-serializable, e.g. when the enclosing class is an :class:`Actor`. Akka
+advocates location transparency, meaning that an application written with
+actors should just work when it is deployed over multiple network nodes, and
+non-serializable actor factories would break this principle. In case indirect
+actor creation is needed—for example when using dependency injection—there is
+the possibility to use an :class:`IndirectActorProducer` as described below.
+
+There were two use-cases for these methods: passing constructor arguments to
+the actor—which is solved by the newly introduced :meth:`Props.create()` method
+above—and creating actors “on the spot” as anonymous classes. The latter should
+be solved by making these actors named inner classes instead (if they are not
+``static`` then the enclosing instance’s ``this`` reference needs to be passed
+as the first argument).
+
+.. warning::
+
+  Declaring one actor within another is very dangerous and breaks actor
+  encapsulation unless the nested actor is a static inner class. Never pass an
+  actor’s ``this`` reference into :class:`Props`!
+
+Recommended Practices
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+It is a good idea to provide static factory methods on the
+:class:`UntypedActor` which help keeping the creation of suitable
+:class:`Props` as close to the actor definition as possible, thus containing
+the gap in type-safety introduced by reflective instantiation within a single
+class instead of spreading it out across a whole code-base. This helps
+especially when refactoring the actor’s constructor signature at a later point,
+where compiler checks will allow this modification to be done with greater
+confidence than without.
+
+.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/UntypedActorDocTestBase.java#props-factory
 
 Creating Actors with Props
 --------------------------
 
-Actors are created by passing in a ``Props`` instance into the ``actorOf`` factory method.
+Actors are created by passing a :class:`Props` instance into the
+:meth:`actorOf` factory method which is available on :class:`ActorSystem` and
+:class:`ActorContext`.
 
-.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/UntypedActorDocTestBase.java#creating-props
+.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/UntypedActorDocTestBase.java#import-actorRef
+.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/UntypedActorDocTestBase.java#system-actorOf
 
+Using the :class:`ActorSystem` will create top-level actors, supervised by the
+actor system’s provided guardian actor, while using an actor’s context will
+create a child actor.
 
-Creating Actors with default constructor
+.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/UntypedActorDocTestBase.java#context-actorOf
-----------------------------------------
+   :exclude: plus-some-behavior
 
-.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/UntypedActorDocTestBase.java
+It is recommended to create a hierarchy of children, grand-children and so on
-   :include: imports
+such that it fits the logical failure-handling structure of the application,
+see :ref:`actor-systems`.
 
-.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/UntypedActorDocTestBase.java
+The call to :meth:`actorOf` returns an instance of :class:`ActorRef`. This is a
-   :include: system-actorOf
+handle to the actor instance and the only way to interact with it. The
+:class:`ActorRef` is immutable and has a one to one relationship with the Actor
+it represents. The :class:`ActorRef` is also serializable and network-aware.
+This means that you can serialize it, send it over the wire and use it on a
+remote host and it will still be representing the same Actor on the original
+node, across the network.
 
-The call to :meth:`actorOf` returns an instance of ``ActorRef``. This is a handle to
+The name parameter is optional, but you should preferably name your actors,
-the ``UntypedActor`` instance which you can use to interact with the ``UntypedActor``. The
+since that is used in log messages and for identifying actors. The name must
-``ActorRef`` is immutable and has a one to one relationship with the Actor it
+not be empty or start with ``$``, but it may contain URL encoded characters
-represents. The ``ActorRef`` is also serializable and network-aware. This means
+(eg. ``%20`` for a blank space).  If the given name is already in use by
-that you can serialize it, send it over the wire and use it on a remote host and
+another child to the same parent an `InvalidActorNameException` is thrown.
-it will still be representing the same Actor on the original node, across the
-network.
-
-In the above example the actor was created from the system. It is also possible
-to create actors from other actors with the actor ``context``. The difference is
-how the supervisor hierarchy is arranged. When using the context the current actor
-will be supervisor of the created child actor. When using the system it will be
-a top level actor, that is supervised by the system (internal guardian actor).
-
-.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/FirstUntypedActor.java#context-actorOf
-
-The name parameter is optional, but you should preferably name your actors, since
-that is used in log messages and for identifying actors. The name must not be empty
-or start with ``$``, but it may contain URL encoded characters (eg. ``%20`` for a blank space).
-If the given name is already in use by another child to the
-same parent actor an `InvalidActorNameException` is thrown.
 
 Actors are automatically started asynchronously when created.
-When you create the ``UntypedActor`` then it will automatically call the ``preStart``
-callback method on the ``UntypedActor`` class. This is an excellent place to
-add initialization code for the actor.
 
-.. code-block:: java
+.. _actor-create-factory:
 
-  @Override
+Creating Actors with Factory Methods
-  public void preStart() {
+------------------------------------
-    ... // initialization code
-  }
 
-Creating Actors with non-default constructor
+If your UntypedActor has a constructor that takes parameters then those need to
---------------------------------------------
+be part of the :class:`Props` as well, as described `above <Props>`_. But there
+are cases when a factory method must be used, for example when the actual
+constructor arguments are determined by a dependency injection framework.
 
-If your UntypedActor has a constructor that takes parameters then you can't create it using
+.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/UntypedActorDocTestBase.java#import-indirect
-'actorOf(new Props(clazz))'. Then you can instead pass in 'new Props(new UntypedActorFactory() {..})'
+.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/UntypedActorDocTestBase.java
-in which you can create the Actor in any way you like.
+   :include: creating-indirectly
-
+   :exclude: obtain-fresh-Actor-instance-from-DI-framework
-Here is an example:
-
-.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/UntypedActorDocTestBase.java#creating-constructor
-
-This way of creating the Actor is also great for integrating with Dependency Injection
-(DI) frameworks like Guice or Spring.
 
 .. warning::
 
-  You might be tempted at times to offer an ``UntypedActor`` factory which
+  You might be tempted at times to offer an :class:`IndirectActorProducer`
-  always returns the same instance, e.g. by using a static field. This is not
+  which always returns the same instance, e.g. by using a static field. This is
-  supported, as it goes against the meaning of an actor restart, which is
+  not supported, as it goes against the meaning of an actor restart, which is
   described here: :ref:`supervision-restart`.
 
+  When using a dependency injection framework, actor beans *MUST NOT* have
+  singleton scope.
+
 UntypedActor API
 ================
 
@@ -180,6 +228,7 @@ termination (see `Stopping Actors`_). This service is provided by the
 Registering a monitor is easy (see fourth line, the rest is for demonstrating
 the whole functionality):
 
+.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/UntypedActorDocTestBase.java#import-terminated
 .. includecode:: code/docs/actor/UntypedActorDocTestBase.java#watch
 
 It should be noted that the :class:`Terminated` message is generated
@@ -206,14 +255,15 @@ Start Hook
 
 Right after starting the actor, its :meth:`preStart` method is invoked.
 
-::
+.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/UntypedActorDocTestBase.java#preStart
-
-  @Override
-  public void preStart() {
-    // registering with other actors
-    someService.tell(Register(getSelf());
-  }
 
+This method is called when the actor is first created. During restarts it is
+called by the default implementation of :meth:`postRestart`, which means that
+by overriding that method you can choose whether the initialization code in
+this method is called only exactly once for this actor or for every restart.
+Initialization code which is part of the actor’s constructor will always be
+called when an instance of the actor class is created, which happens at every
+restart.
 
 Restart Hooks
 -------------
@@ -280,12 +330,9 @@ are used by the system to look up actors, e.g. when a remote message is
 received and the recipient is searched, but they are also useful more directly:
 actors may look up other actors by specifying absolute or relative
 paths—logical or physical—and receive back an :class:`ActorSelection` with the
-result::
+result:
 
-  // will look up this absolute path
+.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/UntypedActorDocTestBase.java#selection-local
-  getContext().actorSelection("/user/serviceA/actor");
-  // will look up sibling beneath same supervisor
-  getContext().actorSelection("../joe");
 
 The supplied path is parsed as a :class:`java.net.URI`, which basically means
 that it is split on ``/`` into path elements. If the path starts with ``/``, it
@@ -297,12 +344,9 @@ It should be noted that the ``..`` in actor paths here always means the logical
 structure, i.e. the supervisor.
 
 The path elements of an actor selection may contain wildcard patterns allowing for
-broadcasting of messages to that section::
+broadcasting of messages to that section:
 
-  // will look all children to serviceB with names starting with worker
+.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/UntypedActorDocTestBase.java#selection-wildcard
-  getContext().actorSelection("/user/serviceB/worker*");
-  // will look up all siblings beneath same supervisor
-  getContext().actorSelection("../*");
 
 Messages can be sent via the :class:`ActorSelection` and the path of the
 :class:`ActorSelection` is looked up when delivering each message. If the selection
@@ -315,11 +359,11 @@ and automatically reply to with a ``ActorIdentity`` message containing the
 :class:`ActorRef`.
 
 .. includecode:: code/docs/actor/UntypedActorDocTestBase.java
-   :include: identify-imports,identify
+   :include: import-identify,identify
 
-Remote actor addresses may also be looked up, if :ref:`remoting <remoting-java>` is enabled::
+Remote actor addresses may also be looked up, if :ref:`remoting <remoting-java>` is enabled:
 
-  getContext().actorSelection("akka.tcp://app@otherhost:1234/user/serviceB");
+.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/UntypedActorDocTestBase.java#selection-remote
 
 An example demonstrating remote actor look-up is given in :ref:`remote-lookup-sample-java`.
 
@@ -369,28 +413,24 @@ In all these methods you have the option of passing along your own ``ActorRef``.
 Make it a practice of doing so because it will allow the receiver actors to be able to respond
 to your message, since the sender reference is sent along with the message.
 
+.. _actors-tell-sender-java:
+
 Tell: Fire-forget
 -----------------
 
 This is the preferred way of sending messages. No blocking waiting for a
 message. This gives the best concurrency and scalability characteristics.
 
-.. code-block:: java
+.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/UntypedActorDocTestBase.java#tell
 
-  actor.tell("Hello");
+The sender reference is passed along with the message and available within the
-
+receiving actor via its :meth:`getSender()` method while processing this
-.. _actors-tell-sender-java:
+message. Inside of an actor it is usually :meth:`getSelf` who shall be the
-
+sender, but there can be cases where replies shall be routed to some other
-Or with the sender reference passed along with the message and available to the receiving Actor
+actor—e.g. the parent—in which the second argument to :meth:`tell` would be a
-in its ``getSender: ActorRef`` member field. The target actor can use this
+different one. Outside of an actor and if no reply is needed the second
-to reply to the original sender, by using ``getSender().tell(replyMsg)``.
+argument can be ``null``; if a reply is needed outside of an actor you can use
-
+the ask-pattern described next..
-.. code-block:: java
-
-  actor.tell("Hello", getSelf());
-
-If invoked without the sender parameter the sender will be
-:obj:`deadLetters` actor reference in the target actor.
 
 Ask: Send-And-Receive-Future
 ----------------------------
@@ -398,8 +438,7 @@ Ask: Send-And-Receive-Future
 The ``ask`` pattern involves actors as well as futures, hence it is offered as
 a use pattern rather than a method on :class:`ActorRef`:
 
-.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/UntypedActorDocTestBase.java#import-askPipe
+.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/UntypedActorDocTestBase.java#import-ask
-
 .. includecode:: code/docs/actor/UntypedActorDocTestBase.java#ask-pipe
 
 This example demonstrates ``ask`` together with the ``pipe`` pattern on
@@ -454,9 +493,7 @@ through a 'mediator'. This can be useful when writing actors that work as
 routers, load-balancers, replicators etc.
 You need to pass along your context variable as well.
 
-.. code-block:: java
+.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/UntypedActorDocTestBase.java#forward
-
-  myActor.forward(message, getContext());
 
 Receive messages
 ================
@@ -484,12 +521,8 @@ for replying later, or passing on to other actors. If there is no sender (a
 message was sent without an actor or future context) then the sender
 defaults to a 'dead-letter' actor ref.
 
-.. code-block:: java
+.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/UntypedActorDocTestBase.java#reply
-
+   :exclude: calculate-result
-  public void onReceive(Object request) {
-    String result = process(request);
-    getSender().tell(result);       // will have dead-letter actor as default
-  }
 
 Receive timeout
 ===============
@@ -506,7 +539,7 @@ timeout there must have been an idle period beforehand as configured via this me
 Once set, the receive timeout stays in effect (i.e. continues firing repeatedly after inactivity
 periods). Pass in `Duration.Undefined` to switch off this feature.
 
-.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/MyReceivedTimeoutUntypedActor.java#receive-timeout
+.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/MyReceiveTimeoutUntypedActor.java#receive-timeout
 
 .. _stopping-actors-java:
 
@@ -543,12 +576,8 @@ whole system.
 The :meth:`postStop()` hook is invoked after an actor is fully stopped. This
 enables cleaning up of resources:
 
-.. code-block:: java
+.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/UntypedActorDocTestBase.java#postStop
-
+   :exclude: clean-up-resources-here
-  @Override
-  public void postStop() {
-    // close some file or database connection
-  }
 
 .. note::
 
@@ -570,9 +599,6 @@ in the mailbox.
 
 Use it like this:
 
-.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/UntypedActorDocTestBase.java
-   :include: import-actors
-
 .. includecode:: code/docs/actor/UntypedActorDocTestBase.java
    :include: poison-pill
 
@@ -659,6 +685,7 @@ order as they have been received originally.
 
 Here is an example of the ``UntypedActorWithStash`` class in action:
 
+.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/UntypedActorDocTestBase.java#import-stash
 .. includecode:: code/docs/actor/UntypedActorDocTestBase.java#stash
 
 Invoking ``stash()`` adds the current message (the message that the
@@ -702,9 +729,6 @@ See :ref:`supervision-directives` for more information.
 
 Use ``Kill`` like this:
 
-.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/UntypedActorDocTestBase.java
-   :include: import-actors
-
 .. includecode:: code/docs/actor/UntypedActorDocTestBase.java
    :include: kill
 

akka-docs/rst/project/migration-guide-2.1.x-2.2.x.rst

@@ -10,6 +10,26 @@ simple, mechanical source-level changes in client code.
 When migrating from 1.3.x to 2.1.x you should first follow the instructions for
 migrating :ref:`1.3.x to 2.0.x <migration-2.0>` and then :ref:`2.0.x to 2.1.x <migration-2.1>`.
 
+Deprecated Closure-Taking Props
+===============================
+
+:class:`Props` instances used to contain a closure which produces an
+:class:`Actor` instance when invoked. This approach is flawed in that closures
+are usually created in-line and thus carry a reference to their enclosing
+object; this is not well known among programmers, in particular it can be
+surprising that innocent-looking actor creation should not be serializable if
+the e.g. the enclosing class is an actor.
+
+Thus we have decided to deprecate ``Props(new MyActor(...))`` and
+:class:`UntypedActorFactory` in favor of basing :class:`Props` on a
+:class:`Class` and a sequence of constructor arguments. This has the added
+benefit of allowing easier integration with dependency injection frameworks,
+see :ref:`actor-create-factory`.
+
+The deprecated methods will be retained until the possibility of reintroducing
+a similar syntax in a safe fashion has been properly researched (in case of
+Scala it might be possible to use macros to this effect).
+
 Immutable everywhere
 ====================
 

akka-docs/rst/scala/actors.rst

@@ -43,114 +43,145 @@ Here is an example:
 .. includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala
    :include: imports1,my-actor
 
-Please note that the Akka Actor ``receive`` message loop is exhaustive, which is
+Please note that the Akka Actor ``receive`` message loop is exhaustive, which
-different compared to Erlang and Scala Actors. This means that you need to
+is different compared to Erlang and the late Scala Actors. This means that you
-provide a pattern match for all messages that it can accept and if you want to
+need to provide a pattern match for all messages that it can accept and if you
-be able to handle unknown messages then you need to have a default case as in
+want to be able to handle unknown messages then you need to have a default case
-the example above. Otherwise an ``akka.actor.UnhandledMessage(message, sender, recipient)`` will be
+as in the example above. Otherwise an ``akka.actor.UnhandledMessage(message,
-published to the ``ActorSystem``'s ``EventStream``.
+sender, recipient)`` will be published to the ``ActorSystem``'s
+``EventStream``.
+
+Note further that the return type of the behavior defined above is ``Unit``; if
+the actor shall reply to the received message then this must be done explicitly
+as explained below.
 
 The result of the :meth:`receive` method is a partial function object, which is
 stored within the actor as its “initial behavior”, see `Become/Unbecome`_ for
 further information on changing the behavior of an actor after its
 construction.
 
-Creating Actors with default constructor
-----------------------------------------
-
-.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala
-   :include: imports2,system-actorOf
-
-The call to :meth:`actorOf` returns an instance of ``ActorRef``. This is a handle to
-the ``Actor`` instance which you can use to interact with the ``Actor``. The
-``ActorRef`` is immutable and has a one to one relationship with the Actor it
-represents. The ``ActorRef`` is also serializable and network-aware. This means
-that you can serialize it, send it over the wire and use it on a remote host and
-it will still be representing the same Actor on the original node, across the
-network.
-
-In the above example the actor was created from the system. It is also possible
-to create actors from other actors with the actor ``context``. The difference is
-how the supervisor hierarchy is arranged. When using the context the current actor
-will be supervisor of the created child actor. When using the system it will be
-a top level actor, that is supervised by the system (internal guardian actor).
-
-.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#context-actorOf
-
-The name parameter is optional, but you should preferably name your actors, since
-that is used in log messages and for identifying actors. The name must not be empty
-or start with ``$``, but it may contain URL encoded characters (eg. ``%20`` for a blank space).
-If the given name is already in use by another child to the
-same parent actor an `InvalidActorNameException` is thrown.
-
-Actors are automatically started asynchronously when created.
-When you create the ``Actor`` then it will automatically call the ``preStart``
-callback method on the ``Actor`` trait. This is an excellent place to
-add initialization code for the actor.
-
-.. code-block:: scala
-
-  override def preStart() = {
-    ... // initialization code
-  }
-
-Creating Actors with non-default constructor
---------------------------------------------
-
-If your Actor has a constructor that takes parameters then you can't create it
-using ``actorOf(Props[TYPE])``. Instead you can use a variant of ``actorOf`` that takes
-a call-by-name block in which you can create the Actor in any way you like.
-
-Here is an example:
-
-.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#creating-constructor
-
-.. warning::
-
-  You might be tempted at times to offer an ``Actor`` factory which always
-  returns the same instance, e.g. by using a ``lazy val`` or an
-  ``object ... extends Actor``. This is not supported, as it goes against the
-  meaning of an actor restart, which is described here:
-  :ref:`supervision-restart`.
-
-.. warning::
-
-  Also avoid passing mutable state into the constructor of the Actor, since
-  the call-by-name block can be executed by another thread.
-
 Props
 -----
 
-``Props`` is a configuration class to specify options for the creation
+:class:`Props` is a configuration class to specify options for the creation
-of actors. Here are some examples on how to create a ``Props`` instance.
+of actors, think of it as an immutable and thus freely shareable recipe for
+creating an actor including associated deployment information (e.g. which
+dispatcher to use, see more below). Here are some examples of how to create a
+:class:`Props` instance.
 
-.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#creating-props-config
+.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#creating-props
 
+The last line shows how to pass constructor arguments to the :class:`Actor`
+being created. The presence of a matching constructor is verified during
+construction of the :class:`Props` object, resulting in an
+:class:`IllegalArgumentEception` if no or multiple matching constructors are
+found.
+
+Deprecated Variants
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Up to Akka 2.1 there were also the following possibilities (which are retained
+for a migration period):
+
+.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#creating-props-deprecated
+
+The last one is deprecated because its functionality is available in full
+through :meth:`Props.apply()`.
+
+The first three are deprecated because the captured closure is a local class
+which means that it implicitly carries a reference to the enclosing class. This
+can easily make the resulting :class:`Props` non-serializable, e.g. when the
+enclosing class is an :class:`Actor`. Akka advocates location transparency,
+meaning that an application written with actors should just work when it is
+deployed over multiple network nodes, and non-serializable actor factories
+would break this principle. In case indirect actor creation is needed—for
+example when using dependency injection—there is the possibility to use an
+:class:`IndirectActorProducer` as described below.
+
+There were two use-cases for these methods: passing constructor arguments to
+the actor—which is solved by the newly introduced
+:meth:`Props.apply(clazz, args)` method above—and creating actors “on the spot”
+as anonymous classes. The latter should be solved by making these actors named
+inner classes instead (if they are not declared within a top-level ``object``
+then the enclosing instance’s ``this`` reference needs to be passed as the
+first argument).
+
+.. warning::
+
+  Declaring one actor within another is very dangerous and breaks actor
+  encapsulation. Never pass an actor’s ``this`` reference into :class:`Props`!
+
+Recommended Practices
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+It is a good idea to provide factory methods on the companion object of each
+:class:`Actor` which help keeping the creation of suitable :class:`Props` as
+close to the actor definition as possible, thus containing the gap in
+type-safety introduced by reflective instantiation within a single class
+instead of spreading it out across a whole code-base. This helps especially
+when refactoring the actor’s constructor signature at a later point, where
+compiler checks will allow this modification to be done with greater confidence
+than without.
+
+.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#props-factory
 
 Creating Actors with Props
 --------------------------
 
-Actors are created by passing in a ``Props`` instance into the ``actorOf`` factory method.
+Actors are created by passing a :class:`Props` instance into the
+:meth:`actorOf` factory method which is available on :class:`ActorSystem` and
+:class:`ActorContext`.
 
-.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#creating-props
+.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#system-actorOf
 
+Using the :class:`ActorSystem` will create top-level actors, supervised by the
+actor system’s provided guardian actor, while using an actor’s context will
+create a child actor.
 
-Creating Actors using anonymous classes
+.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#context-actorOf
----------------------------------------
+   :exclude: plus-some-behavior
 
-When spawning actors for specific sub-tasks from within an actor, it may be convenient to include the code to be executed directly in place, using an anonymous class.
+It is recommended to create a hierarchy of children, grand-children and so on
+such that it fits the logical failure-handling structure of the application,
+see :ref:`actor-systems`.
 
-.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#anonymous-actor
+The call to :meth:`actorOf` returns an instance of :class:`ActorRef`. This is a
+handle to the actor instance and the only way to interact with it. The
+:class:`ActorRef` is immutable and has a one to one relationship with the Actor
+it represents. The :class:`ActorRef` is also serializable and network-aware.
+This means that you can serialize it, send it over the wire and use it on a
+remote host and it will still be representing the same Actor on the original
+node, across the network.
+
+The name parameter is optional, but you should preferably name your actors,
+since that is used in log messages and for identifying actors. The name must
+not be empty or start with ``$``, but it may contain URL encoded characters
+(eg. ``%20`` for a blank space).  If the given name is already in use by
+another child to the same parent an `InvalidActorNameException` is thrown.
+
+Actors are automatically started asynchronously when created.
+
+Creating Actors with Factory Methods
+------------------------------------
+
+If your UntypedActor has a constructor that takes parameters then those need to
+be part of the :class:`Props` as well, as described `above <Props>`_. But there
+are cases when a factory method must be used, for example when the actual
+constructor arguments are determined by a dependency injection framework.
+
+.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala
+   :include: creating-indirectly
+   :exclude: obtain-fresh-Actor-instance-from-DI-framework
 
 .. warning::
 
-  In this case you need to carefully avoid closing over the containing actor’s
+  You might be tempted at times to offer an :class:`IndirectActorProducer`
-  reference, i.e. do not call methods on the enclosing actor from within the
+  which always returns the same instance, e.g. by using a ``lazy val``. This is
-  anonymous Actor class. This would break the actor encapsulation and may
+  not supported, as it goes against the meaning of an actor restart, which is
-  introduce synchronization bugs and race conditions because the other actor’s
+  described here: :ref:`supervision-restart`.
-  code will be scheduled concurrently to the enclosing actor. Unfortunately
+
-  there is not yet a way to detect these illegal accesses at compile time.
+  When using a dependency injection framework, actor beans *MUST NOT* have
-  See also: :ref:`jmm-shared-state`
+  singleton scope.
 
 The Actor DSL
 -------------
@@ -268,15 +299,9 @@ You can import the members in the :obj:`context` to avoid prefixing access with
 .. includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#import-context
 
 The remaining visible methods are user-overridable life-cycle hooks which are
-described in the following::
+described in the following:
 
-  def preStart() {}
+.. includecode:: ../../../akka-actor/src/main/scala/akka/actor/Actor.scala#lifecycle-hooks
-  def preRestart(reason: Throwable, message: Option[Any]) {
-    context.children foreach (context.stop(_))
-    postStop()
-  }
-  def postRestart(reason: Throwable) { preStart() }
-  def postStop() {}
 
 The implementations shown above are the defaults provided by the :class:`Actor`
 trait.
@@ -319,13 +344,15 @@ Start Hook
 
 Right after starting the actor, its :meth:`preStart` method is invoked.
 
-::
+.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#preStart
-
-  override def preStart() {
-    // registering with other actors
-    someService ! Register(self)
-  }
 
+This method is called when the actor is first created. During restarts it is
+called by the default implementation of :meth:`postRestart`, which means that
+by overriding that method you can choose whether the initialization code in
+this method is called only exactly once for this actor or for every restart.
+Initialization code which is part of the actor’s constructor will always be
+called when an instance of the actor class is created, which happens at every
+restart.
 
 Restart Hooks
 -------------
@@ -390,12 +417,9 @@ are used by the system to look up actors, e.g. when a remote message is
 received and the recipient is searched, but they are also useful more directly:
 actors may look up other actors by specifying absolute or relative
 paths—logical or physical—and receive back an :class:`ActorSelection` with the
-result::
+result:
 
-  // will look up this absolute path
+.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#selection-local
-  context.actorSelection("/user/serviceA/aggregator")
-  // will look up sibling beneath same supervisor
-  context.actorSelection("../joe")
 
 The supplied path is parsed as a :class:`java.net.URI`, which basically means
 that it is split on ``/`` into path elements. If the path starts with ``/``, it
@@ -407,12 +431,9 @@ It should be noted that the ``..`` in actor paths here always means the logical
 structure, i.e. the supervisor.
 
 The path elements of an actor selection may contain wildcard patterns allowing for
-broadcasting of messages to that section::
+broadcasting of messages to that section:
 
-  // will look all children to serviceB with names starting with worker
+.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#selection-wildcard
-  context.actorSelection("/user/serviceB/worker*")
-  // will look up all siblings beneath same supervisor
-  context.actorSelection("../*")
 
 Messages can be sent via the :class:`ActorSelection` and the path of the
 :class:`ActorSelection` is looked up when delivering each message. If the selection
@@ -426,9 +447,9 @@ and automatically reply to with a ``ActorIdentity`` message containing the
 
 .. includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#identify
 
-Remote actor addresses may also be looked up, if :ref:`remoting <remoting-scala>` is enabled::
+Remote actor addresses may also be looked up, if :ref:`remoting <remoting-scala>` is enabled:
 
-  context.actorSelection("akka.tcp://app@otherhost:1234/user/serviceB")
+.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#selection-remote
 
 An example demonstrating actor look-up is given in :ref:`remote-lookup-sample-scala`.
 
@@ -463,10 +484,6 @@ Here is an example:
   // create a new case class message
   val message = Register(user)
 
-Other good messages types are ``scala.Tuple2``, ``scala.List``, ``scala.Map``
-which are all immutable and great for pattern matching.
-
-
 Send messages
 =============
 
@@ -486,17 +503,15 @@ Message ordering is guaranteed on a per-sender basis.
     a ``Promise`` into an ``ActorRef`` and it also needs to be reachable through
     remoting. So always prefer ``tell`` for performance, and only ``ask`` if you must.
 
+.. _actors-tell-sender-scala:
+
 Tell: Fire-forget
 -----------------
 
 This is the preferred way of sending messages. No blocking waiting for a
 message. This gives the best concurrency and scalability characteristics.
 
-.. code-block:: scala
+.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#tell
-
-  actor ! "hello"
-
-.. _actors-tell-sender-scala:
 
 If invoked from within an Actor, then the sending actor reference will be
 implicitly passed along with the message and available to the receiving Actor
@@ -573,25 +588,16 @@ original sender address/reference is maintained even though the message is going
 through a 'mediator'. This can be useful when writing actors that work as
 routers, load-balancers, replicators etc.
 
-.. code-block:: scala
+.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#forward
-
-  myActor.forward(message)
-
 
 Receive messages
 ================
 
 An Actor has to implement the ``receive`` method to receive messages:
 
-.. code-block:: scala
+.. includecode:: ../../../akka-actor/src/main/scala/akka/actor/Actor.scala#receive
 
-  def receive: PartialFunction[Any, Unit]
+This method returns a ``PartialFunction``, e.g. a ‘match/case’ clause in
-
-Note: Akka has an alias to the ``PartialFunction[Any, Unit]`` type called
-``Receive`` (``akka.actor.Actor.Receive``), so you can use this type instead for
-clarity. But most often you don't need to spell it out.
-
-This method should return a ``PartialFunction``, e.g. a ‘match/case’ clause in
 which the message can be matched against the different case clauses using Scala
 pattern matching. Here is an example:
 
@@ -669,11 +675,8 @@ whole system.
 The :meth:`postStop()` hook is invoked after an actor is fully stopped. This
 enables cleaning up of resources:
 
-.. code-block:: scala
+.. includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#postStop
-
+   :exclude: clean-up-some-resources
-  override def postStop() = {
-    // close some file or database connection
-  }
 
 .. note::
 

akka-docs/rst/scala/code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala

@@ -37,11 +37,43 @@ case class Message(s: String)
 
 //#context-actorOf
 class FirstActor extends Actor {
-  val myActor = context.actorOf(Props[MyActor], name = "myactor")
+  val child = context.actorOf(Props[MyActor], name = "myChild")
-  //#context-actorOf
+  //#plus-some-behavior
   def receive = {
     case x ⇒ sender ! x
   }
+  //#plus-some-behavior
+}
+//#context-actorOf
+
+class ActorWithArgs(arg: String) extends Actor {
+  def receive = { case _ ⇒ () }
+}
+
+class DemoActorWrapper extends Actor {
+  //#props-factory
+  object DemoActor {
+    /**
+     * Create Props for an actor of this type.
+     * @param name The name to be passed to this actor’s constructor.
+     * @return a Props for creating this actor, which can then be further configured
+     *         (e.g. calling `.withDispatcher()` on it)
+     */
+    def apply(name: String): Props = Props(classOf[DemoActor], name)
+  }
+
+  class DemoActor(name: String) extends Actor {
+    def receive = {
+      case x ⇒ // some behavior
+    }
+  }
+
+  // ...
+
+  context.actorOf(DemoActor("hello"))
+  //#props-factory
+
+  def receive = Actor.emptyBehavior
 }
 
 class AnonymousActor extends Actor {
@@ -61,11 +93,21 @@ class AnonymousActor extends Actor {
   //#anonymous-actor
 }
 
-//#system-actorOf
+class Hook extends Actor {
-object Main extends App {
+  var child: ActorRef = _
-  val system = ActorSystem("MySystem")
+  //#preStart
-  val myActor = system.actorOf(Props[MyActor], name = "myactor")
+  override def preStart() {
-  //#system-actorOf
+    child = context.actorOf(Props[MyActor], "child")
+  }
+  //#preStart
+  def receive = Actor.emptyBehavior
+  //#postStop
+  override def postStop() {
+    //#clean-up-some-resources
+    ()
+    //#clean-up-some-resources
+  }
+  //#postStop
 }
 
 class ReplyException extends Actor {
@@ -142,22 +184,23 @@ case class MyMsg(subject: String)
 class ActorDocSpec extends AkkaSpec(Map("akka.loglevel" -> "INFO")) {
 
   "import context" in {
-    //#import-context
+    new AnyRef {
-    class FirstActor extends Actor {
+      //#import-context
-      import context._
+      class FirstActor extends Actor {
-      val myActor = actorOf(Props[MyActor], name = "myactor")
+        import context._
-      def receive = {
+        val myActor = actorOf(Props[MyActor], name = "myactor")
-        case x ⇒ myActor ! x
+        def receive = {
+          case x ⇒ myActor ! x
+        }
       }
+      //#import-context
+
+      val first = system.actorOf(Props(classOf[FirstActor], this), name = "first")
+      system.stop(first)
     }
-    //#import-context
-
-    val first = system.actorOf(Props(new FirstActor), name = "first")
-    system.stop(first)
-
   }
 
-  "creating actor with AkkaSpec.actorOf" in {
+  "creating actor with system.actorOf" in {
     val myActor = system.actorOf(Props[MyActor])
 
     // testing the actor
@@ -183,44 +226,99 @@ class ActorDocSpec extends AkkaSpec(Map("akka.loglevel" -> "INFO")) {
   }
 
   "creating actor with constructor" in {
-    class MyActor(arg: String) extends Actor {
-      def receive = { case _ ⇒ () }
-    }
-
     //#creating-constructor
     // allows passing in arguments to the MyActor constructor
-    val myActor = system.actorOf(Props(new MyActor("...")), name = "myactor")
+    val myActor = system.actorOf(Props[MyActor], name = "myactor")
     //#creating-constructor
 
     system.stop(myActor)
   }
 
   "creating a Props config" in {
-    //#creating-props-config
+    //#creating-props
     import akka.actor.Props
-    val props1 = Props.empty
+
-    val props2 = Props[MyActor]
+    val props1 = Props[MyActor]
-    val props3 = Props(new MyActor)
+    val props3 = Props(classOf[ActorWithArgs], "arg")
+    //#creating-props
+
+    //#creating-props-deprecated
+    // DEPRECATED: encourages to close over enclosing class
     val props4 = Props(
       creator = { () ⇒ new MyActor },
       dispatcher = "my-dispatcher")
+
+    // DEPRECATED: encourages to close over enclosing class
     val props5 = props1.withCreator(new MyActor)
-    val props6 = props5.withDispatcher("my-dispatcher")
+
-    //#creating-props-config
+    // DEPRECATED: encourages to close over enclosing class
+    val props6 = Props(new MyActor)
+
+    // DEPRECATED due to duplicate functionality with Props.apply()
+    val props7 = props1.withCreator(classOf[MyActor])
+    //#creating-props-deprecated
   }
 
   "creating actor with Props" in {
-    //#creating-props
+    //#system-actorOf
-    import akka.actor.Props
+    import akka.actor.ActorSystem
-    val myActor = system.actorOf(Props[MyActor].withDispatcher("my-dispatcher"),
-      name = "myactor2")
-    //#creating-props
 
-    system.stop(myActor)
+    // ActorSystem is a heavy object: create only one per application
+    val system = ActorSystem("mySystem")
+    val myActor = system.actorOf(Props[MyActor].withDispatcher("my-dispatcher"), "myactor2")
+    //#system-actorOf
+    system.shutdown()
+  }
+
+  "creating actor with IndirectActorProducer" in {
+    class Echo(name: String) extends Actor {
+      def receive = {
+        case n: Int ⇒ sender ! name
+        case message ⇒
+          val target = testActor
+          //#forward
+          target forward message
+        //#forward
+      }
+    }
+
+    val a: { def actorRef: ActorRef } = new AnyRef {
+      val applicationContext = this
+
+      //#creating-indirectly
+      import akka.actor.IndirectActorProducer
+
+      class DependencyInjector(applicationContext: AnyRef, beanName: String)
+        extends IndirectActorProducer {
+
+        override def actorClass = classOf[Actor]
+        override def produce =
+          //#obtain-fresh-Actor-instance-from-DI-framework
+          new Echo(beanName)
+
+        def this(beanName: String) = this("", beanName)
+        //#obtain-fresh-Actor-instance-from-DI-framework
+      }
+
+      val actorRef = system.actorOf(
+        Props(classOf[DependencyInjector], applicationContext, "hello"),
+        "helloBean")
+      //#creating-indirectly
+    }
+    val actorRef = a.actorRef
+
+    val message = 42
+    implicit val self = testActor
+    //#tell
+    actorRef ! message
+    //#tell
+    expectMsg("hello")
+    actorRef ! "huhu"
+    expectMsg("huhu")
   }
 
   "using implicit timeout" in {
-    val myActor = system.actorOf(Props(new FirstActor))
+    val myActor = system.actorOf(Props[FirstActor])
     //#using-implicit-timeout
     import scala.concurrent.duration._
     import akka.util.Timeout
@@ -233,7 +331,7 @@ class ActorDocSpec extends AkkaSpec(Map("akka.loglevel" -> "INFO")) {
   }
 
   "using explicit timeout" in {
-    val myActor = system.actorOf(Props(new FirstActor))
+    val myActor = system.actorOf(Props[FirstActor])
     //#using-explicit-timeout
     import scala.concurrent.duration._
     import akka.pattern.ask
@@ -262,28 +360,28 @@ class ActorDocSpec extends AkkaSpec(Map("akka.loglevel" -> "INFO")) {
     //#receive-timeout
   }
 
-  "using hot-swap" in {
+  //#hot-swap-actor
-    //#hot-swap-actor
+  class HotSwapActor extends Actor {
-    class HotSwapActor extends Actor {
+    import context._
-      import context._
+    def angry: Receive = {
-      def angry: Receive = {
+      case "foo" ⇒ sender ! "I am already angry?"
-        case "foo" ⇒ sender ! "I am already angry?"
+      case "bar" ⇒ become(happy)
-        case "bar" ⇒ become(happy)
-      }
-
-      def happy: Receive = {
-        case "bar" ⇒ sender ! "I am already happy :-)"
-        case "foo" ⇒ become(angry)
-      }
-
-      def receive = {
-        case "foo" ⇒ become(angry)
-        case "bar" ⇒ become(happy)
-      }
     }
-    //#hot-swap-actor
 
-    val actor = system.actorOf(Props(new HotSwapActor), name = "hot")
+    def happy: Receive = {
+      case "bar" ⇒ sender ! "I am already happy :-)"
+      case "foo" ⇒ become(angry)
+    }
+
+    def receive = {
+      case "foo" ⇒ become(angry)
+      case "bar" ⇒ become(happy)
+    }
+  }
+  //#hot-swap-actor
+
+  "using hot-swap" in {
+    val actor = system.actorOf(Props(classOf[HotSwapActor], this), name = "hot")
   }
 
   "using Stash" in {
@@ -307,55 +405,77 @@ class ActorDocSpec extends AkkaSpec(Map("akka.loglevel" -> "INFO")) {
   }
 
   "using watch" in {
-    //#watch
+    new AnyRef {
-    import akka.actor.{ Actor, Props, Terminated }
+      //#watch
+      import akka.actor.{ Actor, Props, Terminated }
 
-    class WatchActor extends Actor {
+      class WatchActor extends Actor {
-      val child = context.actorOf(Props.empty, "child")
+        val child = context.actorOf(Props.empty, "child")
-      context.watch(child) // <-- this is the only call needed for registration
+        context.watch(child) // <-- this is the only call needed for registration
-      var lastSender = system.deadLetters
+        var lastSender = system.deadLetters
 
-      def receive = {
+        def receive = {
-        case "kill"              ⇒ context.stop(child); lastSender = sender
+          case "kill" ⇒
-        case Terminated(`child`) ⇒ lastSender ! "finished"
+            context.stop(child); lastSender = sender
+          case Terminated(`child`) ⇒ lastSender ! "finished"
+        }
       }
+      //#watch
+      val a = system.actorOf(Props(classOf[WatchActor], this))
+      implicit val sender = testActor
+      a ! "kill"
+      expectMsg("finished")
     }
-    //#watch
+  }
-    val a = system.actorOf(Props(new WatchActor))
+
-    implicit val sender = testActor
+  "demonstrate ActorSelection" in {
-    a ! "kill"
+    val context = system
-    expectMsg("finished")
+    //#selection-local
+    // will look up this absolute path
+    context.actorSelection("/user/serviceA/aggregator")
+    // will look up sibling beneath same supervisor
+    context.actorSelection("../joe")
+    //#selection-local
+    //#selection-wildcard
+    // will look all children to serviceB with names starting with worker
+    context.actorSelection("/user/serviceB/worker*")
+    // will look up all siblings beneath same supervisor
+    context.actorSelection("../*")
+    //#selection-wildcard
+    //#selection-remote
+    context.actorSelection("akka.tcp://app@otherhost:1234/user/serviceB")
+    //#selection-remote
   }
 
   "using Identify" in {
-    //#identify
+    new AnyRef {
-    import akka.actor.{ Actor, Props, Identify, ActorIdentity, Terminated }
+      //#identify
+      import akka.actor.{ Actor, Props, Identify, ActorIdentity, Terminated }
 
-    class Follower extends Actor {
+      class Follower extends Actor {
-      val identifyId = 1
+        val identifyId = 1
-      context.actorSelection("/user/another") ! Identify(identifyId)
+        context.actorSelection("/user/another") ! Identify(identifyId)
 
-      def receive = {
+        def receive = {
-        case ActorIdentity(`identifyId`, Some(ref)) ⇒
+          case ActorIdentity(`identifyId`, Some(ref)) ⇒
-          context.watch(ref)
+            context.watch(ref)
-          context.become(active(ref))
+            context.become(active(ref))
-        case ActorIdentity(`identifyId`, None) ⇒ context.stop(self)
+          case ActorIdentity(`identifyId`, None) ⇒ context.stop(self)
 
+        }
+
+        def active(another: ActorRef): Actor.Receive = {
+          case Terminated(`another`) ⇒ context.stop(self)
+        }
       }
+      //#identify
 
-      def active(another: ActorRef): Actor.Receive = {
+      val a = system.actorOf(Props.empty)
-        case Terminated(`another`) ⇒ context.stop(self)
+      val b = system.actorOf(Props(classOf[Follower], this))
-      }
+      watch(b)
+      system.stop(a)
+      expectMsgType[akka.actor.Terminated].actor must be === b
     }
-    //#identify
-
-    val a = system.actorOf(Props(new Actor {
-      def receive = Actor.emptyBehavior
-    }))
-    val b = system.actorOf(Props(new Follower))
-    watch(b)
-    system.stop(a)
-    expectMsgType[akka.actor.Terminated].actor must be === b
   }
 
   "using pattern gracefulStop" in {
@@ -397,20 +517,22 @@ class ActorDocSpec extends AkkaSpec(Map("akka.loglevel" -> "INFO")) {
     //#ask-pipeTo
   }
 
-  "replying with own or other sender" in {
+  class Replier extends Actor {
-    val actor = system.actorOf(Props(new Actor {
+    def receive = {
-      def receive = {
+      case ref: ActorRef ⇒
-        case ref: ActorRef ⇒
-          //#reply-with-sender
-          sender.tell("reply", context.parent) // replies will go back to parent
-          sender.!("reply")(context.parent) // alternative syntax (beware of the parens!)
         //#reply-with-sender
-        case x ⇒
+        sender.tell("reply", context.parent) // replies will go back to parent
-          //#reply-without-sender
+        sender.!("reply")(context.parent) // alternative syntax (beware of the parens!)
-          sender ! x // replies will go to this actor
+      //#reply-with-sender
+      case x ⇒
         //#reply-without-sender
-      }
+        sender ! x // replies will go to this actor
-    }))
+      //#reply-without-sender
+    }
+  }
+
+  "replying with own or other sender" in {
+    val actor = system.actorOf(Props(classOf[Replier], this))
     implicit val me = testActor
     actor ! 42
     expectMsg(42)
@@ -430,51 +552,51 @@ class ActorDocSpec extends AkkaSpec(Map("akka.loglevel" -> "INFO")) {
     })
   }
 
-  "using ComposableActor" in {
+  //#receive-orElse2
-    //#receive-orElse2
+  class PartialFunctionBuilder[A, B] {
-    class PartialFunctionBuilder[A, B] {
+    import scala.collection.immutable.Vector
-      import scala.collection.immutable.Vector
 
-      // Abbreviate to make code fit
+    // Abbreviate to make code fit
-      type PF = PartialFunction[A, B]
+    type PF = PartialFunction[A, B]
 
-      private var pfsOption: Option[Vector[PF]] = Some(Vector.empty)
+    private var pfsOption: Option[Vector[PF]] = Some(Vector.empty)
 
-      private def mapPfs[C](f: Vector[PF] ⇒ (Option[Vector[PF]], C)): C = {
+    private def mapPfs[C](f: Vector[PF] ⇒ (Option[Vector[PF]], C)): C = {
-        pfsOption.fold(throw new IllegalStateException("Already built"))(f) match {
+      pfsOption.fold(throw new IllegalStateException("Already built"))(f) match {
-          case (newPfsOption, result) ⇒ {
+        case (newPfsOption, result) ⇒ {
-            pfsOption = newPfsOption
+          pfsOption = newPfsOption
-            result
+          result
-          }
         }
       }
-
-      def +=(pf: PF): Unit =
-        mapPfs { case pfs ⇒ (Some(pfs :+ pf), ()) }
-
-      def result(): PF =
-        mapPfs { case pfs ⇒ (None, pfs.foldLeft[PF](Map.empty) { _ orElse _ }) }
     }
 
-    trait ComposableActor extends Actor {
+    def +=(pf: PF): Unit =
-      protected lazy val receiveBuilder = new PartialFunctionBuilder[Any, Unit]
+      mapPfs { case pfs ⇒ (Some(pfs :+ pf), ()) }
-      final def receive = receiveBuilder.result()
-    }
 
-    trait TheirComposableActor extends ComposableActor {
+    def result(): PF =
-      receiveBuilder += {
+      mapPfs { case pfs ⇒ (None, pfs.foldLeft[PF](Map.empty) { _ orElse _ }) }
-        case "foo" ⇒ sender ! "foo received"
+  }
-      }
-    }
 
-    class MyComposableActor extends TheirComposableActor {
+  trait ComposableActor extends Actor {
-      receiveBuilder += {
+    protected lazy val receiveBuilder = new PartialFunctionBuilder[Any, Unit]
-        case "bar" ⇒ sender ! "bar received"
+    final def receive = receiveBuilder.result()
-      }
+  }
-    }
-    //#receive-orElse2
 
-    val composed = system.actorOf(Props(new MyComposableActor))
+  trait TheirComposableActor extends ComposableActor {
+    receiveBuilder += {
+      case "foo" ⇒ sender ! "foo received"
+    }
+  }
+
+  class MyComposableActor extends TheirComposableActor {
+    receiveBuilder += {
+      case "bar" ⇒ sender ! "bar received"
+    }
+  }
+  //#receive-orElse2
+
+  "using ComposableActor" in {
+    val composed = system.actorOf(Props(classOf[MyComposableActor], this))
     implicit val me = testActor
     composed ! "foo"
     expectMsg("foo received")

akka-docs/rst/scala/code/docs/actor/FSMDocSpec.scala

@@ -14,180 +14,181 @@ import scala.collection.immutable
 
 class FSMDocSpec extends MyFavoriteTestFrameWorkPlusAkkaTestKit {
 
-  "simple finite state machine" must {
+  //#fsm-code-elided
-    //#fsm-code-elided
+  //#simple-imports
-    //#simple-imports
+  import akka.actor.{ Actor, ActorRef, FSM }
-    import akka.actor.{ Actor, ActorRef, FSM }
+  import scala.concurrent.duration._
-    import scala.concurrent.duration._
+  //#simple-imports
-    //#simple-imports
+  //#simple-events
-    //#simple-events
+  // received events
-    // received events
+  case class SetTarget(ref: ActorRef)
-    case class SetTarget(ref: ActorRef)
+  case class Queue(obj: Any)
-    case class Queue(obj: Any)
+  case object Flush
-    case object Flush
 
-    // sent events
+  // sent events
-    case class Batch(obj: immutable.Seq[Any])
+  case class Batch(obj: immutable.Seq[Any])
-    //#simple-events
+  //#simple-events
-    //#simple-state
+  //#simple-state
-    // states
+  // states
-    sealed trait State
+  sealed trait State
-    case object Idle extends State
+  case object Idle extends State
-    case object Active extends State
+  case object Active extends State
 
-    sealed trait Data
+  sealed trait Data
-    case object Uninitialized extends Data
+  case object Uninitialized extends Data
-    case class Todo(target: ActorRef, queue: immutable.Seq[Any]) extends Data
+  case class Todo(target: ActorRef, queue: immutable.Seq[Any]) extends Data
-    //#simple-state
+  //#simple-state
-    //#simple-fsm
+  //#simple-fsm
-    class Buncher extends Actor with FSM[State, Data] {
+  class Buncher extends Actor with FSM[State, Data] {
 
-      //#fsm-body
+    //#fsm-body
-      startWith(Idle, Uninitialized)
+    startWith(Idle, Uninitialized)
 
-      //#when-syntax
+    //#when-syntax
-      when(Idle) {
+    when(Idle) {
-        case Event(SetTarget(ref), Uninitialized) ⇒
+      case Event(SetTarget(ref), Uninitialized) ⇒
-          stay using Todo(ref, Vector.empty)
+        stay using Todo(ref, Vector.empty)
+    }
+    //#when-syntax
+
+    //#transition-elided
+    onTransition {
+      case Active -> Idle ⇒
+        stateData match {
+          case Todo(ref, queue) ⇒ ref ! Batch(queue)
+        }
+    }
+    //#transition-elided
+    //#when-syntax
+
+    when(Active, stateTimeout = 1 second) {
+      case Event(Flush | StateTimeout, t: Todo) ⇒
+        goto(Idle) using t.copy(queue = Vector.empty)
+    }
+    //#when-syntax
+
+    //#unhandled-elided
+    whenUnhandled {
+      // common code for both states
+      case Event(Queue(obj), t @ Todo(_, v)) ⇒
+        goto(Active) using t.copy(queue = v :+ obj)
+
+      case Event(e, s) ⇒
+        log.warning("received unhandled request {} in state {}/{}", e, stateName, s)
+        stay
+    }
+    //#unhandled-elided
+    //#fsm-body
+
+    initialize()
+  }
+  //#simple-fsm
+  object DemoCode {
+    trait StateType
+    case object SomeState extends StateType
+    case object Processing extends StateType
+    case object Error extends StateType
+    case object Idle extends StateType
+    case object Active extends StateType
+
+    class Dummy extends Actor with FSM[StateType, Int] {
+      class X
+      val newData = 42
+      object WillDo
+      object Tick
+
+      //#modifier-syntax
+      when(SomeState) {
+        case Event(msg, _) ⇒
+          goto(Processing) using (newData) forMax (5 seconds) replying (WillDo)
       }
-      //#when-syntax
+      //#modifier-syntax
 
-      //#transition-elided
+      //#transition-syntax
       onTransition {
-        case Active -> Idle ⇒
+        case Idle -> Active ⇒ setTimer("timeout", Tick, 1 second, true)
-          stateData match {
+        case Active -> _    ⇒ cancelTimer("timeout")
-            case Todo(ref, queue) ⇒ ref ! Batch(queue)
+        case x -> Idle      ⇒ log.info("entering Idle from " + x)
-          }
       }
-      //#transition-elided
+      //#transition-syntax
-      //#when-syntax
 
-      when(Active, stateTimeout = 1 second) {
+      //#alt-transition-syntax
-        case Event(Flush | StateTimeout, t: Todo) ⇒
+      onTransition(handler _)
-          goto(Idle) using t.copy(queue = Vector.empty)
+
+      def handler(from: StateType, to: StateType) {
+        // handle it here ...
       }
-      //#when-syntax
+      //#alt-transition-syntax
 
-      //#unhandled-elided
+      //#stop-syntax
+      when(Error) {
+        case Event("stop", _) ⇒
+          // do cleanup ...
+          stop()
+      }
+      //#stop-syntax
+
+      //#transform-syntax
+      when(SomeState)(transform {
+        case Event(bytes: ByteString, read) ⇒ stay using (read + bytes.length)
+      } using {
+        case s @ FSM.State(state, read, timeout, stopReason, replies) if read > 1000 ⇒
+          goto(Processing)
+      })
+      //#transform-syntax
+
+      //#alt-transform-syntax
+      val processingTrigger: PartialFunction[State, State] = {
+        case s @ FSM.State(state, read, timeout, stopReason, replies) if read > 1000 ⇒
+          goto(Processing)
+      }
+
+      when(SomeState)(transform {
+        case Event(bytes: ByteString, read) ⇒ stay using (read + bytes.length)
+      } using processingTrigger)
+      //#alt-transform-syntax
+
+      //#termination-syntax
+      onTermination {
+        case StopEvent(FSM.Normal, state, data)         ⇒ // ...
+        case StopEvent(FSM.Shutdown, state, data)       ⇒ // ...
+        case StopEvent(FSM.Failure(cause), state, data) ⇒ // ...
+      }
+      //#termination-syntax
+
+      //#unhandled-syntax
       whenUnhandled {
-        // common code for both states
+        case Event(x: X, data) ⇒
-        case Event(Queue(obj), t @ Todo(_, v)) ⇒
+          log.info("Received unhandled event: " + x)
-          goto(Active) using t.copy(queue = v :+ obj)
-
-        case Event(e, s) ⇒
-          log.warning("received unhandled request {} in state {}/{}", e, stateName, s)
           stay
+        case Event(msg, _) ⇒
+          log.warning("Received unknown event: " + msg)
+          goto(Error)
       }
-      //#unhandled-elided
+      //#unhandled-syntax
-      //#fsm-body
-
-      initialize()
-    }
-    //#simple-fsm
-    object DemoCode {
-      trait StateType
-      case object SomeState extends StateType
-      case object Processing extends StateType
-      case object Error extends StateType
-      case object Idle extends StateType
-      case object Active extends StateType
-
-      class Dummy extends Actor with FSM[StateType, Int] {
-        class X
-        val newData = 42
-        object WillDo
-        object Tick
-
-        //#modifier-syntax
-        when(SomeState) {
-          case Event(msg, _) ⇒
-            goto(Processing) using (newData) forMax (5 seconds) replying (WillDo)
-        }
-        //#modifier-syntax
-
-        //#transition-syntax
-        onTransition {
-          case Idle -> Active ⇒ setTimer("timeout", Tick, 1 second, true)
-          case Active -> _    ⇒ cancelTimer("timeout")
-          case x -> Idle      ⇒ log.info("entering Idle from " + x)
-        }
-        //#transition-syntax
-
-        //#alt-transition-syntax
-        onTransition(handler _)
-
-        def handler(from: StateType, to: StateType) {
-          // handle it here ...
-        }
-        //#alt-transition-syntax
-
-        //#stop-syntax
-        when(Error) {
-          case Event("stop", _) ⇒
-            // do cleanup ...
-            stop()
-        }
-        //#stop-syntax
-
-        //#transform-syntax
-        when(SomeState)(transform {
-          case Event(bytes: ByteString, read) ⇒ stay using (read + bytes.length)
-        } using {
-          case s @ FSM.State(state, read, timeout, stopReason, replies) if read > 1000 ⇒
-            goto(Processing)
-        })
-        //#transform-syntax
-
-        //#alt-transform-syntax
-        val processingTrigger: PartialFunction[State, State] = {
-          case s @ FSM.State(state, read, timeout, stopReason, replies) if read > 1000 ⇒
-            goto(Processing)
-        }
-
-        when(SomeState)(transform {
-          case Event(bytes: ByteString, read) ⇒ stay using (read + bytes.length)
-        } using processingTrigger)
-        //#alt-transform-syntax
-
-        //#termination-syntax
-        onTermination {
-          case StopEvent(FSM.Normal, state, data)         ⇒ // ...
-          case StopEvent(FSM.Shutdown, state, data)       ⇒ // ...
-          case StopEvent(FSM.Failure(cause), state, data) ⇒ // ...
-        }
-        //#termination-syntax
-
-        //#unhandled-syntax
-        whenUnhandled {
-          case Event(x: X, data) ⇒
-            log.info("Received unhandled event: " + x)
-            stay
-          case Event(msg, _) ⇒
-            log.warning("Received unknown event: " + msg)
-            goto(Error)
-        }
-        //#unhandled-syntax
-
-      }
-
-      //#logging-fsm
-      import akka.actor.LoggingFSM
-      class MyFSM extends Actor with LoggingFSM[StateType, Data] {
-        //#body-elided
-        override def logDepth = 12
-        onTermination {
-          case StopEvent(FSM.Failure(_), state, data) ⇒
-            val lastEvents = getLog.mkString("\n\t")
-            log.warning("Failure in state " + state + " with data " + data + "\n" +
-              "Events leading up to this point:\n\t" + lastEvents)
-        }
-        // ...
-        //#body-elided
-      }
-      //#logging-fsm
 
     }
-    //#fsm-code-elided
+
+    //#logging-fsm
+    import akka.actor.LoggingFSM
+    class MyFSM extends Actor with LoggingFSM[StateType, Data] {
+      //#body-elided
+      override def logDepth = 12
+      onTermination {
+        case StopEvent(FSM.Failure(_), state, data) ⇒
+          val lastEvents = getLog.mkString("\n\t")
+          log.warning("Failure in state " + state + " with data " + data + "\n" +
+            "Events leading up to this point:\n\t" + lastEvents)
+      }
+      // ...
+      //#body-elided
+    }
+    //#logging-fsm
+
+  }
+  //#fsm-code-elided
+
+  "simple finite state machine" must {
 
     "demonstrate NullFunction" in {
       class A extends Actor with FSM[Int, Null] {
@@ -199,7 +200,7 @@ class FSMDocSpec extends MyFavoriteTestFrameWorkPlusAkkaTestKit {
     }
 
     "batch correctly" in {
-      val buncher = system.actorOf(Props(new Buncher))
+      val buncher = system.actorOf(Props(classOf[Buncher], this))
       buncher ! SetTarget(testActor)
       buncher ! Queue(42)
       buncher ! Queue(43)
@@ -212,7 +213,7 @@ class FSMDocSpec extends MyFavoriteTestFrameWorkPlusAkkaTestKit {
     }
 
     "not batch if uninitialized" in {
-      val buncher = system.actorOf(Props(new Buncher))
+      val buncher = system.actorOf(Props(classOf[Buncher], this))
       buncher ! Queue(42)
       expectNoMsg
     }

akka-docs/rst/scala/code/docs/actor/FaultHandlingDocSample.scala

@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ class CounterService extends Actor {
 
     case Entry(k, v) if k == key && counter == None ⇒
       // Reply from Storage of the initial value, now we can create the Counter
-      val c = context.actorOf(Props(new Counter(key, v)))
+      val c = context.actorOf(Props(classOf[Counter], key, v))
       counter = Some(c)
       // Tell the counter to use current storage
       c ! UseStorage(storage)

akka-docs/rst/scala/code/docs/actor/SchedulerDocSpec.scala

@@ -38,27 +38,30 @@ class SchedulerDocSpec extends AkkaSpec(Map("akka.loglevel" -> "INFO")) {
   }
 
   "schedule a recurring task" in {
-    //#schedule-recurring
+    new AnyRef {
-    val Tick = "tick"
+      //#schedule-recurring
-    val tickActor = system.actorOf(Props(new Actor {
+      val Tick = "tick"
-      def receive = {
+      class TickActor extends Actor {
-        case Tick ⇒ //Do something
+        def receive = {
+          case Tick ⇒ //Do something
+        }
       }
-    }))
+      val tickActor = system.actorOf(Props(classOf[TickActor], this))
-    //Use system's dispatcher as ExecutionContext
+      //Use system's dispatcher as ExecutionContext
-    import system.dispatcher
+      import system.dispatcher
 
-    //This will schedule to send the Tick-message
+      //This will schedule to send the Tick-message
-    //to the tickActor after 0ms repeating every 50ms
+      //to the tickActor after 0ms repeating every 50ms
-    val cancellable =
+      val cancellable =
-      system.scheduler.schedule(0 milliseconds,
+        system.scheduler.schedule(0 milliseconds,
-        50 milliseconds,
+          50 milliseconds,
-        tickActor,
+          tickActor,
-        Tick)
+          Tick)
 
-    //This cancels further Ticks to be sent
+      //This cancels further Ticks to be sent
-    cancellable.cancel()
+      cancellable.cancel()
-    //#schedule-recurring
+      //#schedule-recurring
-    system.stop(tickActor)
+      system.stop(tickActor)
+    }
   }
 }

akka-docs/rst/scala/code/docs/camel/CustomRouteExample.scala

@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ object CustomRouteExample {
     // example from a MicroKernel
     val system = ActorSystem("some-system")
     val producer = system.actorOf(Props[Producer1])
-    val mediator = system.actorOf(Props(new Transformer(producer)))
+    val mediator = system.actorOf(Props(classOf[Transformer], producer))
-    val consumer = system.actorOf(Props(new Consumer3(mediator)))
+    val consumer = system.actorOf(Props(classOf[Consumer3], mediator))
     CamelExtension(system).context.addRoutes(new CustomRouteBuilder)
     //#CustomRouteExample
   }

akka-docs/rst/scala/code/docs/camel/HttpExample.scala

@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ object HttpExample {
     // to your boot class.
     val system = ActorSystem("some-system")
     val httpTransformer = system.actorOf(Props[HttpTransformer])
-    val httpProducer = system.actorOf(Props(new HttpProducer(httpTransformer)))
+    val httpProducer = system.actorOf(Props(classOf[HttpProducer], httpTransformer))
-    val httpConsumer = system.actorOf(Props(new HttpConsumer(httpProducer)))
+    val httpConsumer = system.actorOf(Props(classOf[HttpConsumer], httpProducer))
     //#HttpExample
 
   }

akka-docs/rst/scala/code/docs/camel/Producers.scala

@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ object Producers {
     }
     val system = ActorSystem("some-system")
     val receiver = system.actorOf(Props[ResponseReceiver])
-    val forwardResponse = system.actorOf(Props(
+    val forwardResponse = system.actorOf(
-      new Forwarder("http://localhost:8080/news/akka", receiver)))
+      Props(classOf[Forwarder], this, "http://localhost:8080/news/akka", receiver))
     // the Forwarder sends out a request to the web page and forwards the response to
     // the ResponseReceiver
     forwardResponse ! "some request"
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ object Producers {
     }
 
     val system = ActorSystem("some-system")
-    val producer = system.actorOf(Props(new OnewaySender("activemq:FOO.BAR")))
+    val producer = system.actorOf(Props(classOf[OnewaySender], this, "activemq:FOO.BAR"))
     producer ! "Some message"
     //#Oneway
 

akka-docs/rst/scala/code/docs/camel/PublishSubscribe.scala

@@ -1,47 +1,44 @@
 package docs.camel
 
 object PublishSubscribe {
-  {
+  //#PubSub
-    //#PubSub
+  import akka.actor.{ Actor, ActorRef, ActorSystem, Props }
-    import akka.actor.{ Actor, ActorRef, ActorSystem, Props }
+  import akka.camel.{ Producer, CamelMessage, Consumer }
-    import akka.camel.{ Producer, CamelMessage, Consumer }
 
-    class Subscriber(name: String, uri: String) extends Actor with Consumer {
+  class Subscriber(name: String, uri: String) extends Actor with Consumer {
-      def endpointUri = uri
+    def endpointUri = uri
 
-      def receive = {
+    def receive = {
-        case msg: CamelMessage ⇒ println("%s received: %s" format (name, msg.body))
+      case msg: CamelMessage ⇒ println("%s received: %s" format (name, msg.body))
-      }
     }
-
-    class Publisher(name: String, uri: String) extends Actor with Producer {
-
-      def endpointUri = uri
-
-      // one-way communication with JMS
-      override def oneway = true
-    }
-
-    class PublisherBridge(uri: String, publisher: ActorRef) extends Actor with Consumer {
-      def endpointUri = uri
-
-      def receive = {
-        case msg: CamelMessage ⇒ {
-          publisher ! msg.bodyAs[String]
-          sender ! ("message published")
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Add below to a Boot class
-    // Setup publish/subscribe example
-    val system = ActorSystem("some-system")
-    val jmsUri = "jms:topic:test"
-    val jmsSubscriber1 = system.actorOf(Props(new Subscriber("jms-subscriber-1", jmsUri)))
-    val jmsSubscriber2 = system.actorOf(Props(new Subscriber("jms-subscriber-2", jmsUri)))
-    val jmsPublisher = system.actorOf(Props(new Publisher("jms-publisher", jmsUri)))
-    val jmsPublisherBridge = system.actorOf(Props(new PublisherBridge("jetty:http://0.0.0.0:8877/camel/pub/jms", jmsPublisher)))
-    //#PubSub
-
   }
+
+  class Publisher(name: String, uri: String) extends Actor with Producer {
+
+    def endpointUri = uri
+
+    // one-way communication with JMS
+    override def oneway = true
+  }
+
+  class PublisherBridge(uri: String, publisher: ActorRef) extends Actor with Consumer {
+    def endpointUri = uri
+
+    def receive = {
+      case msg: CamelMessage ⇒ {
+        publisher ! msg.bodyAs[String]
+        sender ! ("message published")
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Add below to a Boot class
+  // Setup publish/subscribe example
+  val system = ActorSystem("some-system")
+  val jmsUri = "jms:topic:test"
+  val jmsSubscriber1 = system.actorOf(Props(classOf[Subscriber], "jms-subscriber-1", jmsUri))
+  val jmsSubscriber2 = system.actorOf(Props(classOf[Subscriber], "jms-subscriber-2", jmsUri))
+  val jmsPublisher = system.actorOf(Props(classOf[Publisher], "jms-publisher", jmsUri))
+  val jmsPublisherBridge = system.actorOf(Props(classOf[PublisherBridge], "jetty:http://0.0.0.0:8877/camel/pub/jms", jmsPublisher))
+  //#PubSub
 }

akka-docs/rst/scala/code/docs/dispatcher/DispatcherDocSpec.scala

@@ -210,11 +210,11 @@ class DispatcherDocSpec extends AkkaSpec(DispatcherDocSpec.config) {
   }
 
   "defining priority dispatcher" in {
-    //#prio-dispatcher
+    new AnyRef {
+      //#prio-dispatcher
 
-    // We create a new Actor that just prints out what it processes
+      // We create a new Actor that just prints out what it processes
-    val a = system.actorOf(
+      class Logger extends Actor {
-      Props(new Actor {
         val log: LoggingAdapter = Logging(context.system, this)
 
         self ! 'lowpriority
@@ -229,22 +229,24 @@ class DispatcherDocSpec extends AkkaSpec(DispatcherDocSpec.config) {
         def receive = {
           case x ⇒ log.info(x.toString)
         }
-      }).withDispatcher("prio-dispatcher"))
+      }
+      val a = system.actorOf(Props(classOf[Logger], this).withDispatcher("prio-dispatcher"))
 
-    /*
+      /*
-    Logs:
+       * Logs:
-      'highpriority
+       * 'highpriority
-      'highpriority
+       * 'highpriority
-      'pigdog
+       * 'pigdog
-      'pigdog2
+       * 'pigdog2
-      'pigdog3
+       * 'pigdog3
-      'lowpriority
+       * 'lowpriority
-      'lowpriority
+       * 'lowpriority
-    */
+       */
-    //#prio-dispatcher
+      //#prio-dispatcher
 
-    watch(a)
+      watch(a)
-    expectMsgPF() { case Terminated(`a`) ⇒ () }
+      expectMsgPF() { case Terminated(`a`) ⇒ () }
+    }
   }
 
   "defining balancing dispatcher" in {

akka-docs/rst/scala/code/docs/event/LoggingDocSpec.scala

@@ -72,21 +72,24 @@ class LoggingDocSpec extends AkkaSpec {
   import LoggingDocSpec.MyActor
 
   "use a logging actor" in {
-    val myActor = system.actorOf(Props(new MyActor))
+    val myActor = system.actorOf(Props[MyActor])
     myActor ! "test"
   }
 
   "allow registration to dead letters" in {
-    //#deadletters
+    new AnyRef {
-    import akka.actor.{ Actor, DeadLetter, Props }
+      //#deadletters
+      import akka.actor.{ Actor, DeadLetter, Props }
 
-    val listener = system.actorOf(Props(new Actor {
+      class Listener extends Actor {
-      def receive = {
+        def receive = {
-        case d: DeadLetter ⇒ println(d)
+          case d: DeadLetter ⇒ println(d)
+        }
       }
-    }))
+      val listener = system.actorOf(Props(classOf[Listener], this))
-    system.eventStream.subscribe(listener, classOf[DeadLetter])
+      system.eventStream.subscribe(listener, classOf[DeadLetter])
-    //#deadletters
+      //#deadletters
+    }
   }
 
   "demonstrate logging more arguments" in {

akka-docs/rst/scala/code/docs/io/HTTPServer.scala

@@ -237,6 +237,6 @@ case class OKResponse(body: ByteString, keepAlive: Boolean)
 object Main extends App {
   val port = Option(System.getenv("PORT")) map (_.toInt) getOrElse 8080
   val system = ActorSystem()
-  val server = system.actorOf(Props(new HttpServer(port)))
+  val server = system.actorOf(Props(classOf[HttpServer], port))
 }
 //#main

akka-docs/rst/scala/code/docs/io/Pipelines.scala

@@ -167,37 +167,8 @@ class PipelinesDocSpec extends AkkaSpec {
     }
 
     "demonstrate management port and context" in {
-      //#actor
-      class Processor(cmds: ActorRef, evts: ActorRef) extends Actor {
-
-        val ctx = new HasActorContext with HasByteOrder {
-          def getContext = Processor.this.context
-          def byteOrder = java.nio.ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN
-        }
-
-        val pipeline = PipelineFactory.buildWithSinkFunctions(ctx,
-          new TickGenerator(1000.millis) >>
-            new MessageStage >>
-            new LengthFieldFrame(10000) //
-            )(
-            // failure in the pipeline will fail this actor
-            cmd ⇒ cmds ! cmd.get,
-            evt ⇒ evts ! evt.get)
-
-        def receive = {
-          case m: Message               ⇒ pipeline.injectCommand(m)
-          case b: ByteString            ⇒ pipeline.injectEvent(b)
-          case t: TickGenerator.Trigger ⇒ pipeline.managementCommand(t)
-        }
-      }
-      //#actor
-
       import TickGenerator.Tick
-      val proc = system.actorOf(Props(new Processor(testActor, testActor) {
+      val proc = system.actorOf(Props(classOf[P], this, testActor, testActor), "processor")
-        override def receive = ({
-          case "fail!" ⇒ throw new RuntimeException("FAIL!")
-        }: Receive) orElse super.receive
-      }), "processor")
       expectMsgType[Tick]
       proc ! msg
       val encoded = expectMsgType[ByteString]
@@ -222,4 +193,35 @@ class PipelinesDocSpec extends AkkaSpec {
 
   }
 
+  //#actor
+  class Processor(cmds: ActorRef, evts: ActorRef) extends Actor {
+
+    val ctx = new HasActorContext with HasByteOrder {
+      def getContext = Processor.this.context
+      def byteOrder = java.nio.ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN
+    }
+
+    val pipeline = PipelineFactory.buildWithSinkFunctions(ctx,
+      new TickGenerator(1000.millis) >>
+        new MessageStage >>
+        new LengthFieldFrame(10000) //
+        )(
+        // failure in the pipeline will fail this actor
+        cmd ⇒ cmds ! cmd.get,
+        evt ⇒ evts ! evt.get)
+
+    def receive = {
+      case m: Message               ⇒ pipeline.injectCommand(m)
+      case b: ByteString            ⇒ pipeline.injectEvent(b)
+      case t: TickGenerator.Trigger ⇒ pipeline.managementCommand(t)
+    }
+  }
+  //#actor
+
+  class P(cmds: ActorRef, evts: ActorRef) extends Processor(cmds, evts) {
+    override def receive = ({
+      case "fail!" ⇒ throw new RuntimeException("FAIL!")
+    }: Receive) orElse super.receive
+  }
+
 }

akka-docs/rst/scala/code/docs/pattern/SchedulerPatternSpec.scala

@@ -88,12 +88,12 @@ class SchedulerPatternSpec extends AkkaSpec {
   }
 
   "send periodic ticks from the constructor" taggedAs TimingTest in {
-    testSchedule(system.actorOf(Props(new ScheduleInConstructor(testActor))),
+    testSchedule(system.actorOf(Props(classOf[ScheduleInConstructor], testActor)),
       3000 millis, 2000 millis)
   }
 
   "send ticks from the preStart and receive" taggedAs TimingTest in {
-    testSchedule(system.actorOf(Props(new ScheduleInConstructor(testActor))),
+    testSchedule(system.actorOf(Props(classOf[ScheduleInConstructor], testActor)),
       3000 millis, 2500 millis)
   }
 }

akka-docs/rst/scala/code/docs/testkit/TestKitUsageSpec.scala

@@ -34,15 +34,15 @@ class TestKitUsageSpec
   with WordSpec with ShouldMatchers with BeforeAndAfterAll {
   import TestKitUsageSpec._
 
-  val echoRef = system.actorOf(Props(new EchoActor))
+  val echoRef = system.actorOf(Props[EchoActor])
-  val forwardRef = system.actorOf(Props(new ForwardingActor(testActor)))
+  val forwardRef = system.actorOf(Props(classOf[ForwardingActor], testActor))
-  val filterRef = system.actorOf(Props(new FilteringActor(testActor)))
+  val filterRef = system.actorOf(Props(classOf[FilteringActor], testActor))
   val randomHead = Random.nextInt(6)
   val randomTail = Random.nextInt(10)
   val headList = immutable.Seq().padTo(randomHead, "0")
   val tailList = immutable.Seq().padTo(randomTail, "1")
   val seqRef =
-    system.actorOf(Props(new SequencingActor(testActor, headList, tailList)))
+    system.actorOf(Props(classOf[SequencingActor], testActor, headList, tailList))
 
   override def afterAll {
     system.shutdown()

akka-docs/rst/scala/code/docs/testkit/TestkitDocSpec.scala

@@ -208,9 +208,7 @@ class TestkitDocSpec extends AkkaSpec with DefaultTimeout with ImplicitSender {
 
   "demonstrate probe watch" in {
     import akka.testkit.TestProbe
-    val target = system.actorOf(Props(new Actor {
+    val target = system.actorOf(Props.empty)
-      def receive = Actor.emptyBehavior
-    }))
     //#test-probe-watch
     val probe = TestProbe()
     probe watch target
@@ -237,7 +235,7 @@ class TestkitDocSpec extends AkkaSpec with DefaultTimeout with ImplicitSender {
     import akka.actor.Props
     //#test-probe-forward
     val probe = TestProbe()
-    val source = system.actorOf(Props(new Source(probe.ref)))
+    val source = system.actorOf(Props(classOf[Source], probe.ref))
     val dest = system.actorOf(Props[Destination])
     source ! "start"
     probe.expectMsg("work")

akka-docs/rst/scala/code/docs/transactor/TransactorDocSpec.scala

@@ -199,6 +199,7 @@ class TransactorDocSpec extends AkkaSpec {
 
     val system = ActorSystem("transactors")
 
+    // FIXME, or remove the whole transactor module, srsly
     lazy val underlyingCounter = new Counter
     val counter = system.actorOf(Props(underlyingCounter), name = "counter")
     val coordinated = Coordinated()(Timeout(5 seconds))

akka-docs/rst/scala/code/docs/zeromq/ZeromqDocSpec.scala

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 package docs.zeromq
 
 import language.postfixOps
-
 import scala.concurrent.duration._
 import akka.actor.{ Actor, Props }
 import akka.util.ByteString
@@ -12,6 +11,7 @@ import akka.testkit._
 import akka.zeromq.{ ZeroMQVersion, ZeroMQExtension, SocketType, Bind }
 import java.text.SimpleDateFormat
 import java.util.Date
+import akka.actor.ActorRef
 
 object ZeromqDocSpec {
 
@@ -122,18 +122,25 @@ class ZeromqDocSpec extends AkkaSpec("akka.loglevel=INFO") {
       Bind("tcp://127.0.0.1:21231"))
     //#pub-socket
 
-    //#sub-socket
     import akka.zeromq._
-    val listener = system.actorOf(Props(new Actor {
+    val sub: { def subSocket: ActorRef; def listener: ActorRef } = new AnyRef {
-      def receive: Receive = {
+      //#sub-socket
-        case Connecting    ⇒ //...
+      import akka.zeromq._
-        case m: ZMQMessage ⇒ //...
+
-        case _             ⇒ //...
+      class Listener extends Actor {
+        def receive: Receive = {
+          case Connecting    ⇒ //...
+          case m: ZMQMessage ⇒ //...
+          case _             ⇒ //...
+        }
       }
-    }))
+
-    val subSocket = ZeroMQExtension(system).newSocket(SocketType.Sub,
+      val listener = system.actorOf(Props(classOf[Listener], this))
-      Listener(listener), Connect("tcp://127.0.0.1:21231"), SubscribeAll)
+      val subSocket = ZeroMQExtension(system).newSocket(SocketType.Sub,
-    //#sub-socket
+        Listener(listener), Connect("tcp://127.0.0.1:21231"), SubscribeAll)
+      //#sub-socket
+    }
+    val listener = sub.listener
 
     //#sub-topic-socket
     val subTopicSocket = ZeroMQExtension(system).newSocket(SocketType.Sub,
@@ -149,7 +156,7 @@ class ZeromqDocSpec extends AkkaSpec("akka.loglevel=INFO") {
     pubSocket ! ZMQMessage(ByteString("foo.bar"), ByteString(payload))
     //#pub-topic
 
-    system.stop(subSocket)
+    system.stop(sub.subSocket)
     system.stop(subTopicSocket)
 
     //#high-watermark

akka-remote/src/main/java/akka/remote/RemoteProtocol.java

@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ public final class RemoteProtocol {
         maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
       }
       
-      private Builder(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent parent) {
+      private Builder(BuilderParent parent) {
         super(parent);
         maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
       }
@@ -886,7 +886,7 @@ public final class RemoteProtocol {
         maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
       }
       
-      private Builder(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent parent) {
+      private Builder(BuilderParent parent) {
         super(parent);
         maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
       }
@@ -1882,7 +1882,7 @@ public final class RemoteProtocol {
         maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
       }
       
-      private Builder(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent parent) {
+      private Builder(BuilderParent parent) {
         super(parent);
         maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
       }
@@ -2432,7 +2432,7 @@ public final class RemoteProtocol {
         maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
       }
       
-      private Builder(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent parent) {
+      private Builder(BuilderParent parent) {
         super(parent);
         maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
       }
@@ -2841,7 +2841,7 @@ public final class RemoteProtocol {
         maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
       }
       
-      private Builder(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent parent) {
+      private Builder(BuilderParent parent) {
         super(parent);
         maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
       }
@@ -3315,7 +3315,7 @@ public final class RemoteProtocol {
         maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
       }
       
-      private Builder(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent parent) {
+      private Builder(BuilderParent parent) {
         super(parent);
         maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
       }
@@ -3858,7 +3858,7 @@ public final class RemoteProtocol {
         maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
       }
       
-      private Builder(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent parent) {
+      private Builder(BuilderParent parent) {
         super(parent);
         maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
       }
@@ -4486,7 +4486,7 @@ public final class RemoteProtocol {
         maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
       }
       
-      private Builder(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent parent) {
+      private Builder(BuilderParent parent) {
         super(parent);
         maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
       }
@@ -5034,26 +5034,24 @@ public final class RemoteProtocol {
   public interface PropsProtocolOrBuilder
       extends com.google.protobuf.MessageOrBuilder {
     
-    // required string dispatcher = 1;
-    boolean hasDispatcher();
-    String getDispatcher();
-    
     // required .DeployProtocol deploy = 2;
     boolean hasDeploy();
     akka.remote.RemoteProtocol.DeployProtocol getDeploy();
     akka.remote.RemoteProtocol.DeployProtocolOrBuilder getDeployOrBuilder();
     
-    // optional string fromClassCreator = 3;
+    // required string clazz = 3;
-    boolean hasFromClassCreator();
+    boolean hasClazz();
-    String getFromClassCreator();
+    String getClazz();
     
-    // optional bytes creator = 4;
+    // repeated bytes args = 4;
-    boolean hasCreator();
+    java.util.List<com.google.protobuf.ByteString> getArgsList();
-    com.google.protobuf.ByteString getCreator();
+    int getArgsCount();
+    com.google.protobuf.ByteString getArgs(int index);
     
-    // optional bytes routerConfig = 5;
+    // repeated string classes = 5;
-    boolean hasRouterConfig();
+    java.util.List<String> getClassesList();
-    com.google.protobuf.ByteString getRouterConfig();
+    int getClassesCount();
+    String getClasses(int index);
   }
   public static final class PropsProtocol extends
       com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage
@@ -5084,43 +5082,11 @@ public final class RemoteProtocol {
     }
     
     private int bitField0_;
-    // required string dispatcher = 1;
-    public static final int DISPATCHER_FIELD_NUMBER = 1;
-    private java.lang.Object dispatcher_;
-    public boolean hasDispatcher() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) == 0x00000001);
-    }
-    public String getDispatcher() {
-      java.lang.Object ref = dispatcher_;
-      if (ref instanceof String) {
-        return (String) ref;
-      } else {
-        com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs = 
-            (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
-        String s = bs.toStringUtf8();
-        if (com.google.protobuf.Internal.isValidUtf8(bs)) {
-          dispatcher_ = s;
-        }
-        return s;
-      }
-    }
-    private com.google.protobuf.ByteString getDispatcherBytes() {
-      java.lang.Object ref = dispatcher_;
-      if (ref instanceof String) {
-        com.google.protobuf.ByteString b = 
-            com.google.protobuf.ByteString.copyFromUtf8((String) ref);
-        dispatcher_ = b;
-        return b;
-      } else {
-        return (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
-      }
-    }
-    
     // required .DeployProtocol deploy = 2;
     public static final int DEPLOY_FIELD_NUMBER = 2;
     private akka.remote.RemoteProtocol.DeployProtocol deploy_;
     public boolean hasDeploy() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000002) == 0x00000002);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) == 0x00000001);
     }
     public akka.remote.RemoteProtocol.DeployProtocol getDeploy() {
       return deploy_;
@@ -5129,14 +5095,14 @@ public final class RemoteProtocol {
       return deploy_;
     }
     
-    // optional string fromClassCreator = 3;
+    // required string clazz = 3;
-    public static final int FROMCLASSCREATOR_FIELD_NUMBER = 3;
+    public static final int CLAZZ_FIELD_NUMBER = 3;
-    private java.lang.Object fromClassCreator_;
+    private java.lang.Object clazz_;
-    public boolean hasFromClassCreator() {
+    public boolean hasClazz() {
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000004) == 0x00000004);
+      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000002) == 0x00000002);
     }
-    public String getFromClassCreator() {
+    public String getClazz() {
-      java.lang.Object ref = fromClassCreator_;
+      java.lang.Object ref = clazz_;
       if (ref instanceof String) {
         return (String) ref;
       } else {
@@ -5144,60 +5110,67 @@ public final class RemoteProtocol {
             (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
         String s = bs.toStringUtf8();
         if (com.google.protobuf.Internal.isValidUtf8(bs)) {
-          fromClassCreator_ = s;
+          clazz_ = s;
         }
         return s;
       }
     }
-    private com.google.protobuf.ByteString getFromClassCreatorBytes() {
+    private com.google.protobuf.ByteString getClazzBytes() {
-      java.lang.Object ref = fromClassCreator_;
+      java.lang.Object ref = clazz_;
       if (ref instanceof String) {
         com.google.protobuf.ByteString b = 
             com.google.protobuf.ByteString.copyFromUtf8((String) ref);
-        fromClassCreator_ = b;
+        clazz_ = b;
         return b;
       } else {
         return (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
       }
     }
     
-    // optional bytes creator = 4;
+    // repeated bytes args = 4;
-    public static final int CREATOR_FIELD_NUMBER = 4;
+    public static final int ARGS_FIELD_NUMBER = 4;
-    private com.google.protobuf.ByteString creator_;
+    private java.util.List<com.google.protobuf.ByteString> args_;
-    public boolean hasCreator() {
+    public java.util.List<com.google.protobuf.ByteString>
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000008) == 0x00000008);
+        getArgsList() {
+      return args_;
     }
-    public com.google.protobuf.ByteString getCreator() {
+    public int getArgsCount() {
-      return creator_;
+      return args_.size();
+    }
+    public com.google.protobuf.ByteString getArgs(int index) {
+      return args_.get(index);
     }
     
-    // optional bytes routerConfig = 5;
+    // repeated string classes = 5;
-    public static final int ROUTERCONFIG_FIELD_NUMBER = 5;
+    public static final int CLASSES_FIELD_NUMBER = 5;
-    private com.google.protobuf.ByteString routerConfig_;
+    private com.google.protobuf.LazyStringList classes_;
-    public boolean hasRouterConfig() {
+    public java.util.List<String>
-      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000010) == 0x00000010);
+        getClassesList() {
+      return classes_;
     }
-    public com.google.protobuf.ByteString getRouterConfig() {
+    public int getClassesCount() {
-      return routerConfig_;
+      return classes_.size();
+    }
+    public String getClasses(int index) {
+      return classes_.get(index);
     }
     
     private void initFields() {
-      dispatcher_ = "";
       deploy_ = akka.remote.RemoteProtocol.DeployProtocol.getDefaultInstance();
-      fromClassCreator_ = "";
+      clazz_ = "";
-      creator_ = com.google.protobuf.ByteString.EMPTY;
+      args_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();;
-      routerConfig_ = com.google.protobuf.ByteString.EMPTY;
+      classes_ = com.google.protobuf.LazyStringArrayList.EMPTY;
     }
     private byte memoizedIsInitialized = -1;
     public final boolean isInitialized() {
       byte isInitialized = memoizedIsInitialized;
       if (isInitialized != -1) return isInitialized == 1;
       
-      if (!hasDispatcher()) {
+      if (!hasDeploy()) {
         memoizedIsInitialized = 0;
         return false;
       }
-      if (!hasDeploy()) {
+      if (!hasClazz()) {
         memoizedIsInitialized = 0;
         return false;
       }
@@ -5213,19 +5186,16 @@ public final class RemoteProtocol {
                         throws java.io.IOException {
       getSerializedSize();
       if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) == 0x00000001)) {
-        output.writeBytes(1, getDispatcherBytes());
-      }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000002) == 0x00000002)) {
         output.writeMessage(2, deploy_);
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000004) == 0x00000004)) {
+      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000002) == 0x00000002)) {
-        output.writeBytes(3, getFromClassCreatorBytes());
+        output.writeBytes(3, getClazzBytes());
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000008) == 0x00000008)) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < args_.size(); i++) {
-        output.writeBytes(4, creator_);
+        output.writeBytes(4, args_.get(i));
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000010) == 0x00000010)) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < classes_.size(); i++) {
-        output.writeBytes(5, routerConfig_);
+        output.writeBytes(5, classes_.getByteString(i));
       }
       getUnknownFields().writeTo(output);
     }
@@ -5238,23 +5208,29 @@ public final class RemoteProtocol {
       size = 0;
       if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) == 0x00000001)) {
         size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream
-          .computeBytesSize(1, getDispatcherBytes());
+          .computeMessageSize(2, deploy_);
       }
       if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000002) == 0x00000002)) {
         size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream
-          .computeMessageSize(2, deploy_);
+          .computeBytesSize(3, getClazzBytes());
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000004) == 0x00000004)) {
+      {
-        size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream
+        int dataSize = 0;
-          .computeBytesSize(3, getFromClassCreatorBytes());
+        for (int i = 0; i < args_.size(); i++) {
+          dataSize += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream
+            .computeBytesSizeNoTag(args_.get(i));
+        }
+        size += dataSize;
+        size += 1 * getArgsList().size();
       }
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000008) == 0x00000008)) {
+      {
-        size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream
+        int dataSize = 0;
-          .computeBytesSize(4, creator_);
+        for (int i = 0; i < classes_.size(); i++) {
-      }
+          dataSize += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream
-      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000010) == 0x00000010)) {
+            .computeBytesSizeNoTag(classes_.getByteString(i));
-        size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream
+        }
-          .computeBytesSize(5, routerConfig_);
+        size += dataSize;
+        size += 1 * getClassesList().size();
       }
       size += getUnknownFields().getSerializedSize();
       memoizedSerializedSize = size;
@@ -5366,7 +5342,7 @@ public final class RemoteProtocol {
         maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
       }
       
-      private Builder(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent parent) {
+      private Builder(BuilderParent parent) {
         super(parent);
         maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
       }
@@ -5381,20 +5357,18 @@ public final class RemoteProtocol {
       
       public Builder clear() {
         super.clear();
-        dispatcher_ = "";
-        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000001);
         if (deployBuilder_ == null) {
           deploy_ = akka.remote.RemoteProtocol.DeployProtocol.getDefaultInstance();
         } else {
           deployBuilder_.clear();
         }
+        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000001);
+        clazz_ = "";
         bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000002);
-        fromClassCreator_ = "";
+        args_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();;
         bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000004);
-        creator_ = com.google.protobuf.ByteString.EMPTY;
+        classes_ = com.google.protobuf.LazyStringArrayList.EMPTY;
         bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000008);
-        routerConfig_ = com.google.protobuf.ByteString.EMPTY;
-        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000010);
         return this;
       }
       
@@ -5436,27 +5410,26 @@ public final class RemoteProtocol {
         if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000001) == 0x00000001)) {
           to_bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
         }
-        result.dispatcher_ = dispatcher_;
-        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000002) == 0x00000002)) {
-          to_bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
-        }
         if (deployBuilder_ == null) {
           result.deploy_ = deploy_;
         } else {
           result.deploy_ = deployBuilder_.build();
         }
-        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000004) == 0x00000004)) {
+        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000002) == 0x00000002)) {
-          to_bitField0_ |= 0x00000004;
+          to_bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
         }
-        result.fromClassCreator_ = fromClassCreator_;
+        result.clazz_ = clazz_;
-        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000008) == 0x00000008)) {
+        if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000004) == 0x00000004)) {
-          to_bitField0_ |= 0x00000008;
+          args_ = java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(args_);
+          bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000004);
         }
-        result.creator_ = creator_;
+        result.args_ = args_;
-        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000010) == 0x00000010)) {
+        if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000008) == 0x00000008)) {
-          to_bitField0_ |= 0x00000010;
+          classes_ = new com.google.protobuf.UnmodifiableLazyStringList(
+              classes_);
+          bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000008);
         }
-        result.routerConfig_ = routerConfig_;
+        result.classes_ = classes_;
         result.bitField0_ = to_bitField0_;
         onBuilt();
         return result;
@@ -5473,31 +5446,42 @@ public final class RemoteProtocol {
       
       public Builder mergeFrom(akka.remote.RemoteProtocol.PropsProtocol other) {
         if (other == akka.remote.RemoteProtocol.PropsProtocol.getDefaultInstance()) return this;
-        if (other.hasDispatcher()) {
-          setDispatcher(other.getDispatcher());
-        }
         if (other.hasDeploy()) {
           mergeDeploy(other.getDeploy());
         }
-        if (other.hasFromClassCreator()) {
+        if (other.hasClazz()) {
-          setFromClassCreator(other.getFromClassCreator());
+          setClazz(other.getClazz());
         }
-        if (other.hasCreator()) {
+        if (!other.args_.isEmpty()) {
-          setCreator(other.getCreator());
+          if (args_.isEmpty()) {
+            args_ = other.args_;
+            bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000004);
+          } else {
+            ensureArgsIsMutable();
+            args_.addAll(other.args_);
+          }
+          onChanged();
         }
-        if (other.hasRouterConfig()) {
+        if (!other.classes_.isEmpty()) {
-          setRouterConfig(other.getRouterConfig());
+          if (classes_.isEmpty()) {
+            classes_ = other.classes_;
+            bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000008);
+          } else {
+            ensureClassesIsMutable();
+            classes_.addAll(other.classes_);
+          }
+          onChanged();
         }
         this.mergeUnknownFields(other.getUnknownFields());
         return this;
       }
       
       public final boolean isInitialized() {
-        if (!hasDispatcher()) {
+        if (!hasDeploy()) {
           
           return false;
         }
-        if (!hasDeploy()) {
+        if (!hasClazz()) {
           
           return false;
         }
@@ -5531,11 +5515,6 @@ public final class RemoteProtocol {
               }
               break;
             }
-            case 10: {
-              bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
-              dispatcher_ = input.readBytes();
-              break;
-            }
             case 18: {
               akka.remote.RemoteProtocol.DeployProtocol.Builder subBuilder = akka.remote.RemoteProtocol.DeployProtocol.newBuilder();
               if (hasDeploy()) {
@@ -5546,18 +5525,18 @@ public final class RemoteProtocol {
               break;
             }
             case 26: {
-              bitField0_ |= 0x00000004;
+              bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
-              fromClassCreator_ = input.readBytes();
+              clazz_ = input.readBytes();
               break;
             }
             case 34: {
-              bitField0_ |= 0x00000008;
+              ensureArgsIsMutable();
-              creator_ = input.readBytes();
+              args_.add(input.readBytes());
               break;
             }
             case 42: {
-              bitField0_ |= 0x00000010;
+              ensureClassesIsMutable();
-              routerConfig_ = input.readBytes();
+              classes_.add(input.readBytes());
               break;
             }
           }
@@ -5566,48 +5545,12 @@ public final class RemoteProtocol {
       
       private int bitField0_;
       
-      // required string dispatcher = 1;
-      private java.lang.Object dispatcher_ = "";
-      public boolean hasDispatcher() {
-        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) == 0x00000001);
-      }
-      public String getDispatcher() {
-        java.lang.Object ref = dispatcher_;
-        if (!(ref instanceof String)) {
-          String s = ((com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref).toStringUtf8();
-          dispatcher_ = s;
-          return s;
-        } else {
-          return (String) ref;
-        }
-      }
-      public Builder setDispatcher(String value) {
-        if (value == null) {
-    throw new NullPointerException();
-  }
-  bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
-        dispatcher_ = value;
-        onChanged();
-        return this;
-      }
-      public Builder clearDispatcher() {
-        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000001);
-        dispatcher_ = getDefaultInstance().getDispatcher();
-        onChanged();
-        return this;
-      }
-      void setDispatcher(com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {
-        bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
-        dispatcher_ = value;
-        onChanged();
-      }
-      
       // required .DeployProtocol deploy = 2;
       private akka.remote.RemoteProtocol.DeployProtocol deploy_ = akka.remote.RemoteProtocol.DeployProtocol.getDefaultInstance();
       private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilder<
           akka.remote.RemoteProtocol.DeployProtocol, akka.remote.RemoteProtocol.DeployProtocol.Builder, akka.remote.RemoteProtocol.DeployProtocolOrBuilder> deployBuilder_;
       public boolean hasDeploy() {
-        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000002) == 0x00000002);
+        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) == 0x00000001);
       }
       public akka.remote.RemoteProtocol.DeployProtocol getDeploy() {
         if (deployBuilder_ == null) {
@@ -5626,7 +5569,7 @@ public final class RemoteProtocol {
         } else {
           deployBuilder_.setMessage(value);
         }
-        bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
+        bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
         return this;
       }
       public Builder setDeploy(
@@ -5637,12 +5580,12 @@ public final class RemoteProtocol {
         } else {
           deployBuilder_.setMessage(builderForValue.build());
         }
-        bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
+        bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
         return this;
       }
       public Builder mergeDeploy(akka.remote.RemoteProtocol.DeployProtocol value) {
         if (deployBuilder_ == null) {
-          if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000002) == 0x00000002) &&
+          if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) == 0x00000001) &&
               deploy_ != akka.remote.RemoteProtocol.DeployProtocol.getDefaultInstance()) {
             deploy_ =
               akka.remote.RemoteProtocol.DeployProtocol.newBuilder(deploy_).mergeFrom(value).buildPartial();
@@ -5653,7 +5596,7 @@ public final class RemoteProtocol {
         } else {
           deployBuilder_.mergeFrom(value);
         }
-        bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
+        bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
         return this;
       }
       public Builder clearDeploy() {
@@ -5663,11 +5606,11 @@ public final class RemoteProtocol {
         } else {
           deployBuilder_.clear();
         }
-        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000002);
+        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000001);
         return this;
       }
       public akka.remote.RemoteProtocol.DeployProtocol.Builder getDeployBuilder() {
-        bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
+        bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
         onChanged();
         return getDeployFieldBuilder().getBuilder();
       }
@@ -5692,88 +5635,147 @@ public final class RemoteProtocol {
         return deployBuilder_;
       }
       
-      // optional string fromClassCreator = 3;
+      // required string clazz = 3;
-      private java.lang.Object fromClassCreator_ = "";
+      private java.lang.Object clazz_ = "";
-      public boolean hasFromClassCreator() {
+      public boolean hasClazz() {
-        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000004) == 0x00000004);
+        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000002) == 0x00000002);
       }
-      public String getFromClassCreator() {
+      public String getClazz() {
-        java.lang.Object ref = fromClassCreator_;
+        java.lang.Object ref = clazz_;
         if (!(ref instanceof String)) {
           String s = ((com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref).toStringUtf8();
-          fromClassCreator_ = s;
+          clazz_ = s;
           return s;
         } else {
           return (String) ref;
         }
       }
-      public Builder setFromClassCreator(String value) {
+      public Builder setClazz(String value) {
         if (value == null) {
     throw new NullPointerException();
   }
-  bitField0_ |= 0x00000004;
+  bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
-        fromClassCreator_ = value;
+        clazz_ = value;
         onChanged();
         return this;
       }
-      public Builder clearFromClassCreator() {
+      public Builder clearClazz() {
+        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000002);
+        clazz_ = getDefaultInstance().getClazz();
+        onChanged();
+        return this;
+      }
+      void setClazz(com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {
+        bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
+        clazz_ = value;
+        onChanged();
+      }
+      
+      // repeated bytes args = 4;
+      private java.util.List<com.google.protobuf.ByteString> args_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();;
+      private void ensureArgsIsMutable() {
+        if (!((bitField0_ & 0x00000004) == 0x00000004)) {
+          args_ = new java.util.ArrayList<com.google.protobuf.ByteString>(args_);
+          bitField0_ |= 0x00000004;
+         }
+      }
+      public java.util.List<com.google.protobuf.ByteString>
+          getArgsList() {
+        return java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(args_);
+      }
+      public int getArgsCount() {
+        return args_.size();
+      }
+      public com.google.protobuf.ByteString getArgs(int index) {
+        return args_.get(index);
+      }
+      public Builder setArgs(
+          int index, com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {
+        if (value == null) {
+    throw new NullPointerException();
+  }
+  ensureArgsIsMutable();
+        args_.set(index, value);
+        onChanged();
+        return this;
+      }
+      public Builder addArgs(com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {
+        if (value == null) {
+    throw new NullPointerException();
+  }
+  ensureArgsIsMutable();
+        args_.add(value);
+        onChanged();
+        return this;
+      }
+      public Builder addAllArgs(
+          java.lang.Iterable<? extends com.google.protobuf.ByteString> values) {
+        ensureArgsIsMutable();
+        super.addAll(values, args_);
+        onChanged();
+        return this;
+      }
+      public Builder clearArgs() {
+        args_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();;
         bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000004);
-        fromClassCreator_ = getDefaultInstance().getFromClassCreator();
         onChanged();
         return this;
       }
-      void setFromClassCreator(com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {
-        bitField0_ |= 0x00000004;
-        fromClassCreator_ = value;
-        onChanged();
-      }
       
-      // optional bytes creator = 4;
+      // repeated string classes = 5;
-      private com.google.protobuf.ByteString creator_ = com.google.protobuf.ByteString.EMPTY;
+      private com.google.protobuf.LazyStringList classes_ = com.google.protobuf.LazyStringArrayList.EMPTY;
-      public boolean hasCreator() {
+      private void ensureClassesIsMutable() {
-        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000008) == 0x00000008);
+        if (!((bitField0_ & 0x00000008) == 0x00000008)) {
+          classes_ = new com.google.protobuf.LazyStringArrayList(classes_);
+          bitField0_ |= 0x00000008;
+         }
       }
-      public com.google.protobuf.ByteString getCreator() {
+      public java.util.List<String>
-        return creator_;
+          getClassesList() {
+        return java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(classes_);
       }
-      public Builder setCreator(com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {
+      public int getClassesCount() {
+        return classes_.size();
+      }
+      public String getClasses(int index) {
+        return classes_.get(index);
+      }
+      public Builder setClasses(
+          int index, String value) {
         if (value == null) {
     throw new NullPointerException();
   }
-  bitField0_ |= 0x00000008;
+  ensureClassesIsMutable();
-        creator_ = value;
+        classes_.set(index, value);
         onChanged();
         return this;
       }
-      public Builder clearCreator() {
+      public Builder addClasses(String value) {
+        if (value == null) {
+    throw new NullPointerException();
+  }
+  ensureClassesIsMutable();
+        classes_.add(value);
+        onChanged();
+        return this;
+      }
+      public Builder addAllClasses(
+          java.lang.Iterable<String> values) {
+        ensureClassesIsMutable();
+        super.addAll(values, classes_);
+        onChanged();
+        return this;
+      }
+      public Builder clearClasses() {
+        classes_ = com.google.protobuf.LazyStringArrayList.EMPTY;
         bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000008);
-        creator_ = getDefaultInstance().getCreator();
         onChanged();
         return this;
       }
-      
+      void addClasses(com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {
-      // optional bytes routerConfig = 5;
+        ensureClassesIsMutable();
-      private com.google.protobuf.ByteString routerConfig_ = com.google.protobuf.ByteString.EMPTY;
+        classes_.add(value);
-      public boolean hasRouterConfig() {
-        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000010) == 0x00000010);
-      }
-      public com.google.protobuf.ByteString getRouterConfig() {
-        return routerConfig_;
-      }
-      public Builder setRouterConfig(com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {
-        if (value == null) {
-    throw new NullPointerException();
-  }
-  bitField0_ |= 0x00000010;
-        routerConfig_ = value;
         onChanged();
-        return this;
-      }
-      public Builder clearRouterConfig() {
-        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000010);
-        routerConfig_ = getDefaultInstance().getRouterConfig();
-        onChanged();
-        return this;
       }
       
       // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_scope:PropsProtocol)
@@ -6110,7 +6112,7 @@ public final class RemoteProtocol {
         maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
       }
       
-      private Builder(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent parent) {
+      private Builder(BuilderParent parent) {
         super(parent);
         maybeForceBuilderInitialization();
       }
@@ -6522,11 +6524,10 @@ public final class RemoteProtocol {
       "l\030\004 \001(\t\"\216\001\n\027DaemonMsgCreateProtocol\022\035\n\005p" +
       "rops\030\001 \002(\0132\016.PropsProtocol\022\037\n\006deploy\030\002 \002" +
       "(\0132\017.DeployProtocol\022\014\n\004path\030\003 \002(\t\022%\n\nsup" +
-      "ervisor\030\004 \002(\0132\021.ActorRefProtocol\"\205\001\n\rPro",
+      "ervisor\030\004 \002(\0132\021.ActorRefProtocol\"^\n\rProp",
-      "psProtocol\022\022\n\ndispatcher\030\001 \002(\t\022\037\n\006deploy" +
+      "sProtocol\022\037\n\006deploy\030\002 \002(\0132\017.DeployProtoc" +
-      "\030\002 \002(\0132\017.DeployProtocol\022\030\n\020fromClassCrea" +
+      "ol\022\r\n\005clazz\030\003 \002(\t\022\014\n\004args\030\004 \003(\014\022\017\n\007class" +
-      "tor\030\003 \001(\t\022\017\n\007creator\030\004 \001(\014\022\024\n\014routerConf" +
+      "es\030\005 \003(\t\"g\n\016DeployProtocol\022\014\n\004path\030\001 \002(\t" +
-      "ig\030\005 \001(\014\"g\n\016DeployProtocol\022\014\n\004path\030\001 \002(\t" +
       "\022\016\n\006config\030\002 \001(\014\022\024\n\014routerConfig\030\003 \001(\014\022\r" +
       "\n\005scope\030\004 \001(\014\022\022\n\ndispatcher\030\005 \001(\t*7\n\013Com" +
       "mandType\022\013\n\007CONNECT\020\001\022\014\n\010SHUTDOWN\020\002\022\r\n\tH" +
@@ -6606,7 +6607,7 @@ public final class RemoteProtocol {
           internal_static_PropsProtocol_fieldAccessorTable = new
             com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.FieldAccessorTable(
               internal_static_PropsProtocol_descriptor,
-              new java.lang.String[] { "Dispatcher", "Deploy", "FromClassCreator", "Creator", "RouterConfig", },
+              new java.lang.String[] { "Deploy", "Clazz", "Args", "Classes", },
               akka.remote.RemoteProtocol.PropsProtocol.class,
               akka.remote.RemoteProtocol.PropsProtocol.Builder.class);
           internal_static_DeployProtocol_descriptor =

akka-remote/src/main/protocol/RemoteProtocol.proto

@@ -95,11 +95,10 @@ message DaemonMsgCreateProtocol {
  * Serialization of akka.actor.Props
  */
 message PropsProtocol {
-  required string dispatcher = 1;
   required DeployProtocol deploy = 2;
-  optional string fromClassCreator = 3;
+  required string clazz = 3;
-  optional bytes creator = 4;
+  repeated bytes args = 4;
-  optional bytes routerConfig = 5;
+  repeated string classes = 5;
 }
 
 /**

akka-remote/src/main/scala/akka/remote/serialization/DaemonMsgCreateSerializer.scala

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import akka.actor.{ Actor, ActorRef, Deploy, ExtendedActorSystem, NoScopeGiven,
 import akka.remote.DaemonMsgCreate
 import akka.remote.RemoteProtocol.{ DaemonMsgCreateProtocol, DeployProtocol, PropsProtocol }
 import akka.routing.{ NoRouter, RouterConfig }
-import akka.actor.FromClassCreator
 import scala.reflect.ClassTag
 import util.{ Failure, Success }
 
@@ -51,15 +50,11 @@ private[akka] class DaemonMsgCreateSerializer(val system: ExtendedActorSystem) e
       }
 
       def propsProto = {
-        val builder = PropsProtocol.newBuilder.
+        val builder = PropsProtocol.newBuilder
-          setDispatcher(props.dispatcher).
+          .setClazz(props.clazz.getName)
-          setDeploy(deployProto(props.deploy))
+          .setDeploy(deployProto(props.deploy))
-        props.creator match {
+        props.args map serialize foreach builder.addArgs
-          case FromClassCreator(clazz) ⇒ builder.setFromClassCreator(clazz.getName)
+        props.args map (_.getClass.getName) foreach builder.addClasses
-          case creator                 ⇒ builder.setCreator(serialize(creator))
-        }
-        if (props.routerConfig != NoRouter)
-          builder.setRouterConfig(serialize(props.routerConfig))
         builder.build
       }
 
@@ -95,21 +90,11 @@ private[akka] class DaemonMsgCreateSerializer(val system: ExtendedActorSystem) e
     }
 
     def props = {
-      val creator =
+      import scala.collection.JavaConverters._
-        if (proto.getProps.hasFromClassCreator)
+      val clazz = system.dynamicAccess.getClassFor[AnyRef](proto.getProps.getClazz).get
-          FromClassCreator(system.dynamicAccess.getClassFor[Actor](proto.getProps.getFromClassCreator).get)
+      val args: Vector[AnyRef] = (proto.getProps.getArgsList.asScala zip proto.getProps.getClassesList.asScala)
-        else
+        .map(p ⇒ deserialize(p._1, system.dynamicAccess.getClassFor[AnyRef](p._2).get))(collection.breakOut)
-          deserialize(proto.getProps.getCreator, classOf[() ⇒ Actor])
+      Props(deploy(proto.getProps.getDeploy), clazz, args)
-
-      val routerConfig =
-        if (proto.getProps.hasRouterConfig) deserialize(proto.getProps.getRouterConfig, classOf[RouterConfig])
-        else NoRouter
-
-      Props(
-        creator = creator,
-        dispatcher = proto.getProps.getDispatcher,
-        routerConfig = routerConfig,
-        deploy = deploy(proto.getProps.getDeploy))
     }
 
     DaemonMsgCreate(
@@ -119,7 +104,7 @@ private[akka] class DaemonMsgCreateSerializer(val system: ExtendedActorSystem) e
       supervisor = deserializeActorRef(system, proto.getSupervisor))
   }
 
-  protected def serialize(any: AnyRef): ByteString = ByteString.copyFrom(serialization.serialize(any).get)
+  protected def serialize(any: Any): ByteString = ByteString.copyFrom(serialization.serialize(any.asInstanceOf[AnyRef]).get)
 
   protected def deserialize[T: ClassTag](data: ByteString, clazz: Class[T]): T = {
     val bytes = data.toByteArray

akka-remote/src/test/scala/akka/remote/serialization/DaemonMsgCreateSerializerSpec.scala

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import language.postfixOps
 import akka.serialization.SerializationExtension
 import com.typesafe.config.ConfigFactory
 import akka.testkit.AkkaSpec
-import akka.actor.{ Actor, Address, Props, Deploy, OneForOneStrategy, SupervisorStrategy, FromClassCreator }
+import akka.actor.{ Actor, Address, Props, Deploy, OneForOneStrategy, SupervisorStrategy }
 import akka.remote.{ DaemonMsgCreate, RemoteScope }
 import akka.routing.{ RoundRobinRouter, FromConfig }
 import scala.concurrent.duration._
@@ -87,11 +87,13 @@ class DaemonMsgCreateSerializerSpec extends AkkaSpec {
 
     def assertDaemonMsgCreate(expected: DaemonMsgCreate, got: DaemonMsgCreate): Unit = {
       // can't compare props.creator when function
-      if (expected.props.creator.isInstanceOf[FromClassCreator])
+      assert(got.props.clazz === expected.props.clazz)
-        assert(got.props.creator === expected.props.creator)
+      assert(got.props.args.length === expected.props.args.length)
-      assert(got.props.dispatcher === expected.props.dispatcher)
+      got.props.args zip expected.props.args foreach {
-      assert(got.props.dispatcher === expected.props.dispatcher)
+        case (g, e) ⇒
-      assert(got.props.routerConfig === expected.props.routerConfig)
+          if (e.isInstanceOf[Function0[_]]) ()
+          else assert(g === e)
+      }
       assert(got.props.deploy === expected.props.deploy)
       assert(got.deploy === expected.deploy)
       assert(got.path === expected.path)